Thought Punks

Author: RevCasey

  • Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)

    Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)

    This entry is part 3 of 3 in the series Mystery Advice
    This entry is part 3 of 7 in the series TTRPG Advice

    Even More TTRPG Tips To Make Your Mysteries Unforgettable

    Be sure to also check out Part 1 and Part 2 of this series.

    A classic noir scene with a detective taking notes in a dimly lit bar, emphasizing mystery and intrigue.

    Mysteries in TTRPGs are like puzzles waiting to be unraveled, blending player ingenuity, character roleplay, and GM creativity into a thrilling experience. But even the best mysteries can hit snags if they’re too rigid, lack emotional depth, or fail to engage the whole table. In this guide, we’ll tackle even more tips for crafting and running mysteries that leave players talking about your game for years. With the right techniques, you can keep your players on the edge of their seats, immersed in a world of intrigue and suspense.

    Designing for Flexibility: Adapting to Player Actions

    Mystery games rarely go as planned. Players poke at details you thought were unimportant, miss glaring clues, or propose theories that rewrite your narrative. While it’s tempting to stay on course, the key to a great mystery is adaptation. Flexibility isn’t just helpful, it’s essential for keeping your game dynamic, immersive, and responsive to the unpredictable nature of your players.

    How to Build Adaptable Mysteries

    • Modular Clue Systems: Clues should be versatile. Instead of relying on a specific series of events to introduce information, design clues that can surface in multiple ways. If players miss a clue in one location, introduce a variation of it later, perhaps through a conversation with an NPC or a new investigation at a different location. This flexibility helps keep the mystery alive, even when players diverge from the path you originally planned.
    • Re-contextualize Overlooked Clues: One of the most important things to remember is that not all clues need to be discovered immediately. If players overlook a key piece of evidence, don’t throw it away. Instead, let it resurface later in a new context. For instance, the players may miss a bloody dagger, but later, they find its matching sheath in an unrelated location. This recontextualization makes the mystery feel organic and keeps players engaged as they draw connections themselves. This approach taps into the psychological principle of “recognition memory,” where a delayed discovery often feels like a breakthrough, creating an emotional payoff.
    • Embrace Player Theories: Let your players’ ideas guide the direction of the mystery. If they latch onto a theory, even if it’s not what you originally intended, consider incorporating it into the story. This taps into the “agency” principle in storytelling, where players feel their choices matter and influence the narrative. By weaving their ideas into the plot, you give them a sense of ownership over the story, which increases their emotional investment and enjoyment. This can take many forms from merely being flexible and allowing multiple approaches to lead to the pre-determined core mystery, all the way to fully player-driven mysteries.

    Mystery games should feel like living, breathing entities that evolve with player decisions. When you embrace flexibility, you allow the story to take unexpected and compelling turns that keep your players hooked. By adapting to their actions and theories, you create an experience where everyone feels like a crucial part of the unfolding mystery. A flexible mystery also aligns with the core appeal of detective fiction: the thrill of discovery and the satisfaction of fitting together the pieces of a complex puzzle.

    This approach of giving GMs the freedom to adjust based on player actions doesn’t just make the game more enjoyable! It strengthens the narrative by creating a story that’s just as dynamic and unpredictable as the players themselves.

    Psychology of Deception: Managing NPC Lies and Misleading Information

    Two women seated indoors, whispering secrets in a calm and minimalist space.

    NPCs are the lifeblood of mysteries, and their ability to mislead or obscure the truth can make or break your narrative. When done well, deception adds depth and complexity, turning simple interactions into thrilling moments of tension. Done poorly, however, it risks feeling like a cheap trick rather than a compelling part of the story.

    Crafting Believable Lies

    • Outright Lies, Partial Truths, and Omissions: Not every NPC needs to be a master manipulator. People lie for different reasons, and understanding these motives can help you craft nuanced interactions. A frightened shopkeeper might omit critical details out of fear, while a well-practiced con artist might weave partial truths into their lies to make them more convincing. This is important because humans (and NPCs) rarely tell perfect lies. They reveal themselves in bits and pieces, creating opportunities for players to notice inconsistencies.
    • Nonverbal Cues: Deception isn’t just about what is said; it’s often about what isn’t said. NPCs may display physical signs of lying, such as avoiding eye contact, fidgeting, or nervous laughter. These nonverbal cues can give players subtle hints that something is off. According to the Pinocchio effect in psychology, our bodies often betray us when we’re lying, and players will naturally tune into these signs, looking for patterns. These moments of discovery can be highly satisfying, rewarding players for their attentiveness and emotional intelligence.
    • Conflict in Testimonies: Present conflicting accounts of the same event to add complexity and intrigue to your mystery. If one witness claims to have seen the suspect at the scene, and another insists the suspect was elsewhere, players will need to critically analyze the discrepancies. This technique mirrors real-life investigative work and mimics the “unreliable narrator” technique common in detective fiction. It’s a psychological challenge for players to reconcile these differences, rewarding them with a deeper sense of agency and involvement in the mystery. When the truth finally comes to light, the satisfaction of untangling the web of lies is powerful.

    A key to successful NPC deception is exploiting cognitive dissonance. When players encounter conflicting information, such as a character they trust suddenly being caught lying, it creates mental discomfort. The desire to resolve this discomfort will drive players to investigate further, leading to more engagement with the mystery. By offering clues that challenge their assumptions, you increase player investment and keep them hooked.

    Emotional and Roleplay Stakes

    While the thrill of solving a mystery is exciting on its own, adding emotional depth turns it into an experience that resonates long after the game ends. Tying the investigation to personal stakes for the players makes the mystery not just a puzzle to solve, but a journey that challenges their characters on a deeper, emotional level.

    Making It Personal

    • Character Backstories: One of the most effective ways to enhance emotional stakes is to link the mystery to a player character’s backstory. This creates a direct emotional connection between the mystery and the players. Maybe the investigation involves a lost sibling, a mentor’s betrayal, or the unearthing of a secret from the character’s past. This approach taps into the “narrative transportation” principle, where players become so absorbed in the story that they feel as though they are part of it, leading to a stronger emotional impact.
    • NPC Connections: Introduce NPCs with their own relatable motivations and emotional stakes. A grieving parent who wants closure on the death of a child or a detective who is haunted by a past failure can offer rich emotional hooks for players to connect with. These NPCs don’t just serve the plot, they make the story feel real, helping to draw players emotionally into the narrative. Players are more likely to become invested in a mystery when they see the human side of the conflict.
    • Moral and Emotional Reflection: Mystery stories often present players with tough moral dilemmas. Maybe exposing a villain turns out to hurt an innocent family, or the true motive behind the crime is more sympathetic than expected. These moments force players to reflect on their character’s values, adding a layer of emotional complexity to the game. In detective fiction, protagonists often wrestle with moral ambiguities. Incorporating them into your mystery can give the narrative weight and keep players engaged on a deeper level.

    The emotional stakes in your mystery can trigger empathy in players, allowing them to form a deeper connection to the story. When characters face morally complex decisions, players must confront their own values, creating emotional investment. This is closely tied to the empathy-driven immersion principle, players who emotionally invest in characters and situations feel more personally affected by the outcomes, making the mystery feel all the more impactful.

    Creating Climactic Revelations

    A well-executed reveal is the heart of any great mystery. It’s the moment when everything falls into place, the pieces of the puzzle align, and players feel the rush of satisfaction from their efforts. The key is ensuring the reveal is not just shocking, but also earned and deeply integrated into the story.

    Nailing the Big Moment

    • Reframe the Story: One of the most satisfying elements of a mystery’s climax is when it changes the way players view earlier events. This can be done by revealing that a seemingly minor detail from the beginning holds greater significance than they realized. For example, a “throwaway” clue from Act 1 may turn out to be the key to solving the entire case, or a seemingly trustworthy ally may reveal their true, villainous nature. This is known as a “twist” or “reversal,” a staple in detective fiction that challenges players’ assumptions and re-contextualizes the entire story. Psychological principles like confirmation bias can work here: Players will often form their own conclusions as they investigate, so a twist that challenges their expectations feels particularly rewarding when it catches them off guard.
    • Avoid Anticlimactic Twists: While unexpected reveals are thrilling, they should never feel contrived. Avoid relying on coincidences or “deus ex machina” solutions, where the answer just magically appears without proper foreshadowing. This type of reveal often breaks immersion and can make the players feel their efforts were irrelevant. Ensure that your clues, character motivations, and plot threads lead naturally to the conclusion, giving the players a sense of ownership over the resolution. When the reveal makes sense in hindsight, it feels earned and satisfying.
    • Aftermath and Epilogues: The conclusion isn’t just about the reveal itself; it’s about the consequences of that revelation. Allow players to explore the aftermath, whether it’s through NPC reactions, the resolution of subplots, or the long-term ramifications of their discoveries. In detective fiction, the denouement often ties up loose ends and gives closure to unresolved threads. This can be as simple as NPCs thanking the players for solving the mystery, or it can be as dramatic as political or social upheaval triggered by the case. By addressing what happens next, you add depth and realism to your world, making the mystery feel like a truly significant event in the game’s narrative.

    The need for closure is a fundamental psychological principle, especially in mystery storytelling. Humans crave answers to unresolved questions, and when mysteries are solved, it triggers a sense of psychological satisfaction. This is why a well-executed reveal, one that connects all the dots, is so powerful. It provides closure, resolves tension, and leaves players with a feeling of accomplishment.

    Player Dynamics: Encouraging Collaboration

    Diverse team collaborating in a meeting, showcasing teamwork and cooperation in a modern workplace.

    Mysteries in tabletop RPGs are inherently cooperative, solving a mystery often requires multiple minds coming together to piece together clues and theories. However, not all players instinctively work together, and in some cases, players may fall into roles where they dominate or, conversely, disengage. It’s essential to foster collaboration to ensure the mystery remains an enjoyable and shared experience for everyone.

    Encouraging Teamwork

    • Shared Resources: One effective way to encourage collaboration is by giving players a tangible tool to work together: a shared clue board. Whether physical or digital, a central place where players can record and discuss their findings helps keep everyone involved and prevents any one player from hoarding crucial information. It also visually reinforces the idea that the players are working together toward a common goal, which is a psychological trigger that strengthens group cohesion.
    • Breakthrough Moments: Design puzzles or revelations that require the combined effort of the group. For example, a map torn into multiple pieces might require the players to pool their findings or decipher a code that only becomes clear through group discussion. The satisfaction of solving a complex issue together promotes a collective intelligence dynamic, where the group as a whole achieves more than any individual could alone. This not only keeps the mystery engaging but also fosters a sense of shared accomplishment, making the players feel like they are actively contributing to the unraveling of the story.
    • Celebrate Unique Contributions
      Make sure each player’s skills and ideas are highlighted throughout the investigation. If one player is particularly skilled in a specific area (such as deduction, persuasion, or combat), create moments where their unique abilities shine, helping the group succeed. In doing so, players will feel more personally invested in the mystery’s success when they recognize their contributions as valuable and integral to the group’s progress. By celebrating individual contributions, you encourage each player to stay engaged, knowing that their actions have a meaningful impact on the outcome.

    Humans are social creatures, and we thrive in group settings where cooperation is key to success. In a mystery game, fostering group cohesion through collaborative problem-solving not only makes the mystery more enjoyable but also strengthens the sense of collective accomplishment. By designing moments that require teamwork, you appeal to players’ inherent need to feel part of a group working toward a common goal. This type of collaboration enhances the immersion of the game and keeps everyone invested in solving the mystery together.

    Engaging Passive or Less Involved Players in Mystery Games

    In any group, there are players who naturally dive into the intricacies of a mystery, while others may feel less inclined to participate. Whether due to personality, unfamiliarity with investigative gameplay, or discomfort with spotlight moments, these quieter participants can sometimes feel sidelined. The solution? Tailor your approach to create opportunities that draw them in without overwhelming them.

    Bringing Everyone Into the Fold

    • Assign Roles or Tasks: Specific, manageable roles help passive players feel included without requiring them to take center stage. Tasks like interviewing NPCs, organizing evidence, or analyzing an arcane artifact give these players clear objectives. Roles can also be tailored to their characters, such as assigning the bard to gather rumors or the scholar to decode an ancient cipher, ensuring their participation feels natural and meaningful.
    • Tie in Personal Stakes: One of the most effective ways to engage quieter players is by connecting the mystery to their character’s backstory, goals, or relationships. For example, an elusive suspect could be a figure from the secret agent’s past, or a hidden clue might hint at secrets tied to the cleric’s deity. This not only encourages engagement but also deepens their connection to the story. Use narrative techniques from detective fiction (such as the “personal stakes” trope, where a detective’s own history becomes entwined with the case) to inspire these threads.
    • Highlight Unique Skills: Design moments where a quieter player’s character has the exact skill or perspective needed to advance the story. A bounty hunter’s tracking expertise might uncover a fugitive’s trail, or an occultist’s arcane knowledge could decipher cryptic runes. Celebrate these contributions with in-game recognition, such as an NPC praising their cleverness or the group’s collective success hinging on their actions. This psychological reinforcement can boost confidence and encourage further engagement.

    Go Forth Prepared Into The Depths Of Mystery

    Mysteries in tabletop RPGs are more than puzzles to solve; they are opportunities to immerse your players in a story that challenges their minds, tugs at their hearts, and rewards their creativity. With the techniques outlined here, you can craft mysteries that are dynamic, inclusive, and unforgettable. From designing flexible narratives to creating emotionally charged stakes and fostering collaboration, you’re now equipped to elevate your mystery games to new heights.

    But the journey doesn’t stop here! Mysteries are as unique as the groups who play them. The true magic lies in adapting these tips to fit your table, making each session a shared adventure that lingers in the players’ memories long after the dice are put away.

    What’s your approach to keeping mysteries fresh and engaging? Have you tried any unique techniques that made your players’ jaws drop? What’s the most unexpected twist your group has ever encountered or created? Share your experiences, tips, and questions in the comments or come yell at Rev a bit about it on Bluesky!

    Be sure to also check out Part 1 and Part 2 of this series.

    Share this with friends:

    Related posts:

    1. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)
    2. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    3. Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
    4. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)
    5. In Defense of Optional Rules
  • Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)

    Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)

    This entry is part 2 of 3 in the series Mystery Advice
    This entry is part 2 of 7 in the series TTRPG Advice

    More TTRPG Tips To Make Your Mysteries Unforgettable

    Be sure to check out Part 1 and Part 3 of this series.

    A detective decoding cipher documents with a magnifying glass, notebook in hand.

    Mysteries are a cornerstone of great storytelling, weaving together tension, curiosity, and the satisfaction of unraveling the unknown. In tabletop roleplaying games, mysteries offer players a chance to step into the roles of clever investigators, intuitive detectives, or even reluctant heroes solving puzzles against the clock. But let’s face it: crafting a compelling mystery in a TTRPG can feel like walking a tightrope. Give too much away, and the challenge vanishes. Hold back too much, and the story grinds to a halt.

    In this second part of our mystery deep dive, we’ll tackle advanced techniques to elevate your mystery games and keep your players hanging on every twist and turn. Whether you’re looking to amp up player engagement or fine-tune how you reveal clues, these tips will help you transform your mysteries into unforgettable stories.

    The Role of Discovery: Automatic Clues vs. Active Investigation

    Discovering clues is one of the most rewarding aspects of mystery games, but how clues are delivered can make or break the experience. Automatically granting clues—whether through passive checks or resource expenditures—can diminish the joy of discovery, making the process feel mechanical rather than immersive.

    Why Active Investigation Matters

    Active investigation draws players deeper into the story, inviting them to actively explore, theorize, and engage with the world you’ve built. When players interact directly with the environment (rifling through a suspect’s belongings, interrogating a cagey witness, or reconstructing the scene of a crime) they feel like the driving force behind the mystery.

    This contrasts starkly with passive or automatic clue delivery, which can make the game feel more like a slideshow of reveals or more like a procedural drama than a mystery. Active investigation encourages creativity, teamwork, and roleplay, transforming each discovery into a memorable moment.

    Key Tips for Facilitating Discovery

    • Design Clues That Require Interpretation: Instead of presenting players with straightforward answers, create clues that invite deduction. For example, a burned letter might reveal only fragments of text, pushing players to piece together its full meaning. This approach encourages them to think critically and interact with the game’s world.
    • Use Passive Checks as Gentle Nudges: Passive checks can be helpful, but they should serve as breadcrumbs rather than a full roadmap. A perception check might reveal a faint bloodstain leading to a hidden room, but the players still need to investigate the room itself to uncover what lies inside. These nudges maintain momentum without stealing the spotlight from the players’ decisions.
    • Reward Creativity and Engagement: Players often come up with unorthodox ways to investigate. Maybe they set up a fake meeting to observe a suspect or use magic in an unexpected way. Reward these efforts with unique insights or additional context that they wouldn’t find otherwise. These moments reinforce that their creativity is integral to solving the mystery.

    When players are actively involved in uncovering clues, they tap into autonomy and competence, two key elements that drive meaningful engagement. Autonomy is the freedom to choose their actions and solutions, while competence is the feeling of mastery as they piece together the mystery. This combination makes the process feel rewarding, as players see their decisions shape the outcome, building investment and satisfaction as the story unfolds. By focusing on active investigation, you empower your players to step into the roles of true detectives, making the journey as satisfying as the destination.

    Handling Red Herrings

    Red herrings are a core feature of many mysteries, often used to mislead and divert attention. While they can be exciting and contribute to an immersive, layered narrative, they must be handled with care. Overuse or poorly executed red herrings can frustrate players, leaving them feeling like their efforts have been wasted.

    The Value of Purposeful Distraction

    A well-designed red herring isn’t just a false lead; it should enrich the story and deepen the mystery. When used effectively, red herrings can create subplots that add texture to the world and make the main mystery feel more complex. For example, a character with a seemingly suspicious background may turn out to have secrets unrelated to the central plot, offering players new avenues of investigation while maintaining narrative cohesion. These distractions also keep players on their toes, fostering a sense of mystery that persists throughout the game.

    Key Strategies for Red Herrings

    • Tie Them to the Narrative: Every red herring should be integrated into the story, even if it ultimately misleads players. For example, if the players believe a suspect is the culprit, that suspect’s actions and behaviors should still make sense within the broader world (perhaps they’re involved in a completely different scandal or conspiracy). This approach prevents the herring from feeling like a random detour and makes it part of the world-building.
    • Resolve Major Distractions: When a red herring is revealed as such, give it a clear resolution. If players spend significant time chasing a false lead, it’s important to confirm that the lead was indeed a red herring and explain its purpose in the context of the investigation. This can help avoid lingering frustration or confusion, ensuring players feel like they’ve earned closure, even on missteps.
    • Keep It Fun and Engaging: Red herrings should create moments of tension and surprise, not exhaustion. Players will be more invested in these twists if they’re tied to their characters’ curiosity or their desire to uncover something hidden. By ensuring that red herrings are intriguing rather than insubstantial, you maintain player engagement without derailing the story.

    The use of red herrings plays into cognitive dissonance, the discomfort players feel when presented with conflicting information. This discomfort can drive curiosity and fuel engagement, prompting players to seek resolution. However, it’s crucial to manage this tension carefully; if players feel the dissonance is artificial or excessive, it can lead to frustration rather than intrigue. When used purposefully, red herrings enhance the story, providing depth and complexity without overwhelming or confusing players.

    Dead Ends and False Starts: Making Them Productive

    Close-up of a bright yellow dead end sign obscured by leaves, symbolizing caution.

    Dead ends are inevitable in any investigation. However, they don’t need to bring the story to a halt. In fact, with the right approach, dead ends can be transformed into valuable story elements that contribute to the overall mystery’s depth and momentum.

    Turning Failure Into Progress

    While a dead end can be discouraging at first glance, it doesn’t have to feel like failure. Instead, treat it as an opportunity to uncover new information or shift the direction of the investigation. For example, while the players might fail to retrieve a crucial document, their failure could reveal the identity of another person who now holds the document, opening up a fresh lead. By framing setbacks as revelations, you keep the investigation moving forward, and you maintain a sense of progress despite the obstacles.

    Key Strategies for Dead Ends

    • Reveal What Isn’t True: When players hit a dead end, use it to eliminate possibilities and narrow their focus. For instance, if doubt about a suspect’s alibi falls apart during questioning, it eliminates that person as a suspect, but it might reveal a deeper connection to someone else involved in the mystery. This not only keeps the investigation active but also reduces ambiguity, providing players with clearer direction.
    • Introduce Temporary Roadblocks: Instead of locking players out entirely, give them roadblocks that can be revisited later with new information or tools. Perhaps the players are unable to access a particular area at the moment, but after learning more about the situation or acquiring a new resource, they can return and continue their investigation. This keeps players engaged and invested, as the dead end becomes a puzzle to be solved, rather than a wall to be faced.
    • Leverage False Starts: A false start is when players follow a lead or theory that ultimately doesn’t pan out. Rather than just writing off these moments, weave them back into the larger story. For example, a lead that initially seems promising could reveal a minor character who holds crucial information, even if they’re not directly tied to the main plot. This keeps the investigation dynamic and continuously evolving.

    Dead ends play on problem solving, the process of trial and error. Players are driven by the need to solve a mystery, and dead ends force them to rethink their approach and adapt. This process can actually deepen their investment in the mystery, as they realize that each dead end helps them refine their understanding and get closer to the truth. In this way, setbacks become learning experiences rather than frustrations. By treating dead ends as integral moments of the investigation, you transform potential frustration into productive story moments, maintaining momentum and keeping your players engaged in the narrative.

    The Role of Time Pressure in Mysteries

    Time pressure is a powerful tool in any mystery. It shifts the focus from simply piecing together clues to making critical decisions under duress. When you add time constraints, the stakes aren’t just about discovering the truth, they’re about racing against the clock to prevent disaster.

    Why Time Limits Work

    The presence of a ticking clock brings urgency to the investigation. Deadlines force players to prioritize, creating a natural flow of action and decision-making. For instance, knowing that a murder will take place in three days makes each moment of investigation feel critical, ratcheting up tension and increasing emotional stakes. Time pressure transforms the investigation from a leisurely exploration of clues into a high-stakes race against time, keeping players on edge and more invested in the outcome.

    Key Techniques for Adding Pressure

    • Countdown Mechanics: Implement a visible countdown, like a serial killer striking again in three days or a hostage situation that will escalate unless resolved. Having a tangible reminder of time passing (like a physical timer or written clock) brings the stakes to life, forcing players to make decisions quickly. This mechanic also allows you to control pacing, ensuring the story unfolds at a dynamic speed.
    • Escalating Consequences: Time pressure should introduce meaningful consequences for failure without completely derailing the story. If players miss a deadline, it shouldn’t mark the end of the mystery, but rather shift the stakes. For instance, failing to prevent an escape could lead to a thrilling chase or open up a new set of clues that were previously hidden. These escalating consequences keep players feeling like their actions matter, even when they don’t completely succeed.
    • Balanced Urgency: While urgency is key, you don’t want to overwhelm players by restricting their ability to investigate thoroughly. Offer opportunities for meaningful investigation even under time pressure, such as allowing players to gather essential information while balancing the ticking clock. This ensures that while they’re racing against time, they’re not deprived of the investigative depth that makes mysteries fun. Balance is crucial: too much pressure can stifle creativity, while too little can make the stakes feel hollow.

    The use of time pressure taps into the urgency effect, a psychological principle where people become more focused and motivated under time constraints. The looming threat of failure, especially when tied to consequences, activates loss aversion, the tendency to fear losing something more than gaining something of equal value. This motivates players to act more decisively, creating a thrilling atmosphere that engages both their problem-solving and emotional responses. Time pressure accelerates decision-making, deepens emotional engagement, and ensures your mystery unfolds with intensity and excitement.

    Incorporating Non-Traditional Mystery Formats

    Not every mystery needs to follow the well-worn “whodunit” formula. By introducing alternative mystery formats, you can surprise your players with new narrative structures and challenges. Non-traditional formats allow you to expand the possibilities of what a mystery can be, giving your story fresh and unique twists.

    Expanding the Definition of a Mystery

    When we think of mysteries, the first image that comes to mind is usually a detective story with a clear perpetrator and a logical sequence of clues. However, mysteries can be much more than that. They don’t have to involve solving a crime; they can focus on uncovering hidden truths, unraveling complicated relationships, or understanding intricate systems. Genres like heists, political intrigue, and survival scenarios can all incorporate mystery elements that challenge your players to piece together incomplete or hidden information.

    Key Approaches to Alternative Mysteries

    • Hidden Alliances: Instead of hunting for a single culprit, you can task your players with uncovering secret loyalties or hidden alliances within a faction, organization, or social circle. This can create a mystery rooted in character motivations and interpersonal intrigue, rather than a traditional criminal investigation. The focus shifts to understanding complex dynamics and uncovering the truth behind ambiguous relationships.
    • Reverse Mysteries: In a reverse mystery, players already know the “answer” (for example, the identity of the culprit) but the challenge lies in proving it or uncovering how the crime happened. This twist on the traditional structure turns the mystery into a puzzle of connecting the dots, challenging players to build a narrative around the information they already have. It keeps the focus on investigation, but with a deeper emphasis on logical deduction and analysis.
    • Blending Genres: Don’t be afraid to mix genres to create something truly unique. A mystery can be combined with elements of horror, adventure, or even science fiction to create a dynamic and multifaceted experience. Imagine a survival mystery where players must solve a puzzle while avoiding deadly traps, or a horror mystery where the truth is entwined with supernatural forces. Blending genres keeps players on their toes, as they won’t be able to predict the structure or outcome of the game.

    Non-traditional mysteries tap into novelty-seeking behavior, the human tendency to seek new and stimulating experiences. By introducing unfamiliar structures and genres, you engage players’ curiosity and drive to explore new storytelling avenues. Reverse mysteries and hidden alliances also play into the curiosity gap, the gap between what players know and what they want to know. This drives them to take risks and explore the unknown, making the experience more immersive and rewarding. By incorporating these alternative formats, you keep the mystery genre fresh, appealing to a wide range of player preferences, and allowing for richer, more diverse storytelling.

    Handling Unsolved Mysteries and Open-Ended Stories

    Elegant femme fatale holding a handgun, creating a vintage noir atmosphere indoors.

    Not every mystery needs a tidy resolution. Sometimes, leaving some threads unresolved can enrich your story, leaving players with lingering questions and a sense of intrigue. Open-ended narratives can serve as a tool to keep players engaged long after the investigation is “over,” offering more opportunities for storytelling and character development.

    The Appeal of Ambiguity

    Ambiguity can be a powerful narrative tool. When a mystery isn’t fully solved, it invites players to continue pondering the story, fueling their curiosity long after the session ends. Unsolved mysteries create room for interpretation, allowing players to revisit their theories and form new ones as they uncover more details. This can lead to deeper engagement, as players get to decide what the mystery’s true nature might be. Moreover, unresolved elements can act as hooks for future adventures, keeping the narrative fluid and ongoing.

    Key Strategies for Open Endings

    • Partial Resolutions: Aim to resolve the core mystery while leaving certain secondary plot points open. For example, the players may successfully identify the villain, but the broader motivations behind their actions or their connection to a larger network remain unclear. This allows for closure on the central conflict, while still maintaining narrative intrigue that encourages follow-up in future sessions or campaigns.
    • Tie Loose Ends to Campaign Arcs: Unresolved threads can serve as valuable narrative tools for future storytelling. For example, a mysterious figure may slip away at the end of an investigation, with their true purpose or connections left unclear. This creates a potential storyline that players can pick up later, linking the mystery to broader character arcs or world-building. Unanswered questions can tie into long-term campaign goals, allowing players to organically revisit the unresolved aspects as they develop their characters and explore the world.
    • Set Player Expectations: It’s important to set expectations from the start that not all mysteries will have clear resolutions. Framing ambiguity as a feature, rather than a flaw, allows players to accept and even appreciate open-ended stories. By communicating that some questions may remain unanswered, you prevent frustration and turn the unresolved elements into a part of the experience. This helps players understand that the journey of discovery, rather than the final answer, is the true heart of the mystery. It’s also important to realize that some players struggle with unresolved loose ends, feeling like they are a “lose” condition. Getting everyone on the same page avoids problems.

    The concept of unresolved mysteries taps into the curiosity gap, a psychological principle that fuels a person’s drive to close the gap between what they know and what they want to know. When a mystery is left unsolved, it activates curiosity and motivates players to keep thinking about the game long after the session ends.

    Additionally, leaving things open-ended plays into the Zeigarnik Effect, which suggests that incomplete tasks or unresolved narratives stick in people’s minds longer and are more likely to be revisited or pondered. This is why open-ended mysteries keep players engaged, subtly encouraging them to return and continue unraveling the story. By using open-ended stories and unsolved mysteries thoughtfully, you can create a rich, dynamic narrative that lives on beyond the tabletop, sparking curiosity and continuing player engagement.

    Mysteries Can Be So Fun When Done Well

    Crafting mysteries in tabletop RPGs is an art form, balancing narrative design with player engagement and creative problem-solving. The key to unforgettable mystery games lies in creating a compelling story that doesn’t just rely on clues, but on emotional engagement, player agency, and narrative depth. When done well, mysteries can be some of the most memorable experiences in your TTRPG campaigns.

    At their core, mysteries offer players a chance to flex their intellectual muscles and satisfy their curiosity. When players are solving mysteries, they’re not just working through a puzzle; they’re engaged in a dynamic narrative that responds to their choices. This interactive nature fosters intrinsic motivation, where players are driven to explore and uncover the truth because they enjoy the process of discovery itself.

    By tapping into universal principles like curiosity and problem-solving, you can craft mysteries that are not just fun to play, but unforgettable. Whether it’s the thrill of discovering hidden motives, the tension of racing against time, or the satisfaction of uncovering a complex web of secrets, mysteries in tabletop RPGs hold the power to captivate and engage players in ways that few other genres can.

    How do you handle red herrings? What techniques do you use to work around dead ends? What do you think of all this rambling nonsense that Rev dares call advice? Leave a comment below or come scream at Rev on Bluesky about it. 

    Be sure to check out Part 1 and Part 3 of this series.

    Share this with friends:

    Related posts:

    1. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)
    2. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)
    3. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    4. Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
    5. Mastering Intrigue: Crafting Suspense and Tension in TTRPGs
  • Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)

    Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)

    This entry is part 1 of 3 in the series Mystery Advice
    This entry is part 1 of 7 in the series TTRPG Advice

    TTRPG Tips to Make Your Mysteries Unforgettable

    Be sure to also check out Part 2 and Part 3 of this series.

    Black and white scene depicting a tense interrogation with suspect and investigator.

    Who doesn’t love a good mystery? There’s something incredibly satisfying about piecing together clues, chasing leads, and solving puzzles. When you bring that into the world of tabletop RPGs, the experience can become even better: immersive worlds, twists and turns, and the collaborative thrill of unraveling a story with friends.

    But running a mystery in a TTRPG isn’t always easy. You want to create an engaging, dynamic puzzle without making it feel either too scripted or too overwhelming. Players should feel like true detectives, neither like they’re just walking through a pre-planned story nor sorting through a haystack for a needle.

    In this article, we’ll cover essential tips for crafting mysteries that captivate your players, while avoiding common pitfalls that derail the experience. We’ll also explore practical techniques drawn from psychological principles and storytelling frameworks to make your mysteries unforgettable.

    Building Mysteries That Hook Players

    A great mystery is more than just a series of clues, it’s an emotional journey. To craft one that resonates, focus on tension, revelation, and the interplay between player actions and the unfolding story.

    Foreshadowing and Clue Dropping

    One of the best parts of a mystery is when the tiny details start clicking into place. This is foreshadowing, and it works because it taps into our brains’ natural desire to find patterns. You want to plant small, subtle clues that seem insignificant at first but start making sense later. Maybe an NPC mentions a strange symbol or there is a dusty book with a cryptic note. Something minor but provocative and ideally full of potential uses and symbolism.

    These details should feel like random pieces of the puzzle but once the mystery unravels, they all fit together perfectly. The best mysteries leave players with a moment of realization: “How did we not see this before?”

    For example:

    • Early on, a bookshop owner mentions a oddball wilderness survival customer who always buys books about mushroom foraging and toxic plants. Later, players discover the a string of poisoning murders using natural poisons.
    • A cryptic note scribbled in an NPC’s ledger might seem insignificant at first, proving a frustrating riddle. But at a later time, most information comes to light that gives it context and reveals a critical meeting location.

    Keep it subtle, though. If you overwhelm players with too many details or make the clues too obvious, you rob them of the joy of discovery. Instead, aim for cognitive dissonance: the tension between what they know and what they still need to figure out.

    Feeling Almost There, Edge of Seat

    In a good mystery, the audience often knows more than the characters (or at least feel they do). This is dramatic irony, and exploiting it is one of the best ways to keep your players on the edge of their seats. For example, you can give your players clues that feel like a huge breakthrough, but then let them realize they were wrong, or that it led them in the wrong direction. The trick here is to create tension between the perceived knowledge and the “real” state of things. Players should feel like they’re close, but not quite there yet. This builds anticipation and makes the eventual resolution all the more satisfying.

    Pacing and Layered Tension

    A well-paced mystery alternates between quiet investigation and moments of revelation or tension. Too much downtime can bore players, while constant action can feel overwhelming. Balance is key.

    • Example: After finding a key hidden in a dusty attic, players spend time theorizing where it might lead. Just as they start to feel they’re making progress, they hear footsteps… someone else has come for the same key.

    End sessions on cliffhangers when possible. Leaving players with unresolved questions taps into the Zeigarnik effect: our tendency to remember unfinished tasks. A cliffhanger doesn’t just leave them eager for the next session; it keeps the mystery alive in their minds.

    Twists That Resonate

    Great twists don’t come out of nowhere! Players should be able to look back and see how the clues fit together in retrospect. Twists that force players to reframe their understanding of the story are especially impactful.

    • Example: Players have been hunting a serial killer only to discover that the seemingly helpful NPC who’s been guiding their investigation has been orchestrating the crimes all along. Clues scattered throughout the game (an unusual knowledge of crime scenes, inconsistencies in their story) suddenly click into place.

    This technique leverages cognitive reappraisal: when new information forces a reevaluation of prior events, creating a sense of clarity and closure.

    Common Mistakes in Mystery TTRPGs

    Black and white photo of a man spilling a drink from a can against a brick wall.

    Even the best mysteries can falter if certain pitfalls aren’t avoided. Here are a few common issues and strategies to address them.

    Railroading: Let Players Be the Detectives

    Forcing players to follow a pre-determined path kills their sense of agency. The joy of a mystery comes from making choices, testing theories, and uncovering the truth their way.

    Instead of railroading, use adaptive storytelling: guide the players with flexible clues that can lead them in multiple directions. Roll with their theories and efforts, where they make sense and follow the fiction. If they miss a critical clue, don’t panic! Introduce another lead that can bring them back on track without feeling forced.

    • Example: If the players fail to find a key clue at a crime scene, have them overhear a conversation that offers them fresh leads. This keeps the story moving while preserving player freedom.

    Note: While you can run entirely player-driven mysteries, this doesn’t mean you can’t have a “real” mystery behind the curtain with a certain culprit and set of facts. The key point here is to allow players to come at the mystery from a variety of angles and approaches. Let them naturally find their way to the center of the riddle. The important key is avoiding forcing a singular path to resolution, not necessarily rewriting the mystery to fit player theories.

    Overusing Rigid Structures

    Some GMs stick too rigidly to patterns like the popular (mis)conception of the “three-clue rule”, assuming players need a specific number of clues to progress. While it’s helpful to ensure some structure and consistency, this can make mysteries feel formulaic and predictable.

    Players begin to expect the same types of clues to show up in a predictable pattern. They stop being engaged because the mystery becomes too formulaic. Avoiding too much predictability is key to creating a mystery that feels organic and surprising, like how we expect investigations to feel.

    Mix it up. Let some clues be subtle breadcrumbs, while others are game-changing revelations. Vary the number of required clues by the size and complexity of the mystery. Encourage organic exploration by scattering meaningful details throughout the environment.

    Overcomplicating the Mystery

    Complex mysteries can be engaging, but too many suspects, red herrings, or obscure details can overwhelm players. Decision fatigue sets in when they can’t keep track of the pieces or discern which leads matter.

    Simplicity doesn’t mean shallow. Start with a clear framework (like: three suspects, three locations, three critical clues) and layer depth onto these elements. Each suspect can have their own motivations and secrets, but they should tie back into the core mystery.

    • Example: A missing artifact leads players to three potential culprits. Each has a motive, but only one is secretly connected to a larger conspiracy involving a hidden cult. The focus remains on solving the central mystery, while subplots add depth without distraction.

    Player-Led Investigations

    Mysteries thrive on player engagement, but too many options or unclear direction can stall momentum. A GM’s role is to facilitate creativity while maintaining coherence.

    Encouraging Player Theories

    When players propose theories, validate their input by weaving their ideas into the narrative where plausible. Even incorrect theories can add depth to the story by inspiring new twists or refining the true solution. For instance, if players suspect an innocent NPC of wrongdoing, use their interactions to reveal a tangential clue. Reward their engagement with story developments that make their efforts feel impactful.

    Adapting on the Fly

    Players often pursue unexpected leads or overlook planned clues. Be flexible and adapt your story rather than forcing them back onto a rigid path. Reframe missed clues into later discoveries or link their improvisations to existing elements. For example, if they skip a crucial interview with a witness, that doesn’t mean it’s a dead end! As examples, you can allow them to discover a police report taking the witness statement or a friend of the witness might approach the players concerned for the witness’s safety.

    When to Give Gentle Nudges

    Sometimes players get stuck. Recognize when their frustration outweighs their engagement and introduce subtle guidance. This could be an NPC offering new information, an environmental detail catching their attention, or a flashback-style hint reminding them of a previously overlooked clue. Keep these nudges light and offer a few leads to maintain the sense that progress made is their achievement.

    Balancing Mystery with Other Gameplay Elements

    A great mystery blends investigative focus with dynamic gameplay. Too much of any one element risks boredom or fatigue, so variety is essential.

    Incorporating Action Sequences

    High-energy moments like chases, combat, or tense escapes can add excitement and break up slower investigative scenes. For instance, a rooftop chase to apprehend a fleeing informant or a sudden ambush at the suspects’ hideout can inject adrenaline while staying relevant to the mystery.

    Exploration and Worldbuilding

    Use downtime to flesh out the setting and create a lived-in world. Let players uncover side stories or environmental details that enhance immersion. A crumbling mansion might reveal its history through scattered letters, while a bustling market provides insight into cultural dynamics that inform the case.

    Collaborative Roleplay Opportunities

    Encourage players to engage with each other through in-character debates, shared theories, or personal stakes in the mystery. For example, a character with a tragic backstory might recognize parallels in the case, sparking meaningful dialogue. This collaboration deepens emotional investment and keeps everyone engaged, even during slower investigative stretches.

    Bringing Closure to Your Mystery

    A diverse team engaged in a collaborative meeting in a modern office setting with greenery.

    The resolution of a mystery is as important as its setup. Ensure the conclusion feels satisfying and meaningful for your players.

    Tying Up Loose Ends

    Address all major plot threads and ensure the players understand how the clues fit together. If any elements remain unclear, use epilogue-style narration or NPC exposition to fill in the gaps. However, avoid over-explaining; allow room for players to interpret and reflect on their findings.

    Rewarding Player Success

    Highlight how the players’ decisions, deductions, and efforts directly contributed to solving the mystery. Whether through NPC recognition, tangible rewards, or narrative closure, emphasize their agency in bringing about the resolution.

    Allowing for Ambiguity

    Not every mystery needs a perfectly neat ending. A few unanswered questions can add intrigue, especially if they set up future stories. For instance, a captured villain might hint at a greater conspiracy, or a key suspect might evade justice, leaving players eager for the next chapter.

    Post-Mystery Roleplay

    Explore the aftermath of the case. How do the solved mystery and its revelations impact the characters, NPCs, or the setting? A grieving relative might express gratitude, a vindicated suspect might seek redemption for their other sins, or a damaged location might slowly rebuild. These epilogues provide emotional weight and a sense of consequence for the players’ actions.

    The Art of Crafting Unforgettable Mysteries

    Running a mystery in a tabletop RPG is a delicate balancing act between narrative design, player freedom, and emotional engagement. The ultimate goal is to craft an experience where players feel like true detectives, piecing together clues and uncovering secrets through their own ingenuity. By focusing on subtle foreshadowing, embracing dramatic irony, and ensuring your mystery has enough space for player theories and unexpected actions, you can keep the story moving and the tension high.

    However, no mystery is complete without resolution. A well-crafted ending that ties up the major clues, rewards player success, and allows for a bit of lingering ambiguity will ensure your mystery sticks with players long after the game ends. And remember, the journey to the conclusion is just as important as the destination! Keep your players engaged with action, exploration, and roleplaying opportunities that enrich the story and deepen their connection to the world.

    Finally, don’t be afraid to let the mystery live beyond the game. How do your players react to the truth they’ve uncovered? What consequences does the resolution have on the world, and on their characters? This post-mystery roleplay can create lasting memories and spark excitement for future adventures.

    What’s the most surprising twist you’ve used in a mystery? How do you manage pacing in a mystery game? What’s your philosophy on leaving some elements of a mystery unresolved? Do you prefer a tidy ending or a lingering question for future exploration? And most of all, what do you think of this advice? Share your thoughts and experiences below in the comments or come yell about it at Rev on Bluesky.

    Be sure to also check out Part 2 and Part 3 of this series.

    Share this with friends:

    Related posts:

    1. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)
    2. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)
    3. Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
    4. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    5. Mastering Intrigue: Crafting Suspense and Tension in TTRPGs
  • Mastering Intrigue: Crafting Suspense and Tension in TTRPGs

    Mastering Intrigue: Crafting Suspense and Tension in TTRPGs

    This entry is part 4 of 7 in the series TTRPG Advice

    Handling Intrigue in Tabletop RPGs with Trackers, Tags, and Motif Rolls

    A classic noir scene with a detective taking notes in a dimly lit bar, emphasizing mystery and intrigue.

    Political intrigue in tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) is often one of the most challenging genres to run. Balancing complex relationships, shifting loyalties, and a web of lies and secrets can quickly overwhelm a Game Master (GM), especially if they’re working with intricate mechanics. But by using tools like trackers, reputation tags, and flavored Motif (dice label) rolls, the GM can keep things manageable while maintaining depth. These tools streamline the process, leaving space for creativity, and they can be enhanced by psychological tricks commonly used in carnival performances, sales, and psychic illusions.

    Reputation Tags: Simple but Powerful Tools

    Reputation tags are one of the easiest and most effective ways to track political relationships and intrigue. These tags act as simple labels tied to key NPCs, factions, or even locations, and they help both players and the GM keep track of how different relationships evolve without the need for complicated stat blocks or excessive notes. They are shorthand reminders of where key figures stand in relation to the players or each other.

    Reputation tags can represent a wide range of social dynamics: loyalty, suspicion, enmity, or favor, among others. A few examples of reputation tags might include:

    • “Rival (Political Power)” – Signifying a competitor within a power struggle.
    • “Debt Owed” – Referring to an NPC or faction that owes a favor or service.
    • “Allied (For Now)” – A temporary alliance or fragile partnership.

    These dynamic labels can be easily updated based on the evolving narrative, making them extremely valuable in a game of political intrigue where relationships and allegiances are constantly shifting. The simplicity of these tags means that instead of spending valuable time and energy on complex relationship mechanics, you have an intuitive system that quickly tells you the status of key interactions in the campaign.

    • Why it works: The appeal of reputation tags lies in their simplicity. You reduce potentially complex webs of relationship mechanics into easy-to-read shorthand that allows everyone at the table to understand the current dynamics at a glance. This allows for quick decisions and seamless interactions between players and NPCs without bogging down the story with unnecessary details.

    Trackers: Visualizing Tension and Progress

    Trackers are a fantastic tool for visualizing and managing the evolving tension in a game of intrigue. Much like reputation tags, trackers simplify complex, ongoing developments. These can take many forms, whether they are conspiracy clocks showing the progress of a secret plot or trust meters that gauge how much faith an NPC or faction has in the players. Trackers provide a visual cue that lets everyone, especially the GM, easily see how things are progressing, and they keep the tension alive without needing to micromanage every detail.

    One of the main benefits of trackers is that they provide an instant visual reference, helping everyone at the table stay focused on key plot points. For example, in a political intrigue campaign, you could have a tracker to show how much time remains before a secret rebellion is discovered, or a trust meter tracking how far players have moved in an NPC’s favor (or how quickly they are losing it).

    • Why it works: Trackers take advantage of visual salience, where the physical progression of a tracker visually communicates how much time, tension, or momentum has passed. This makes it easy for players to see how close they are to a major reveal or event, building anticipation. It’s like the psychological tricks used by performers and magicians: by using a simple tool that gradually shifts, you build suspense, and it encourages the players to engage with the plot actively. With this tool, GMs can focus on storytelling and improvisation, without needing to stress about keeping track of every minor detail in the background.

    Flavored Motif Rolls: Adding Depth to Simplicity

    Flavored Motif rolls (using dice labels to add depth and meaning to rolls) allow GMs to keep the gameplay simple yet rich. In essence, a dice roll is flavored by the narrative context, resulting in more dynamic and meaningful outcomes without needing complex rule systems.

    For example, a roll to determine the context for how a character’s persuasion attempt plays out might use dice labels like Reputation (how much the player’s reputation plays a part), Mood (how good, or bad, of a mood the NPC is in), and Politics (how much the political context and considerations play into their response). Or for another intrigue context where the PCs are attempting to covertly spy on a rival group, you might use the flavored roll of Attention (how alert the security staff is), Evidence (how much evidence there is to clean up or left behind), and Luck (how lucky the timing is with how busy or distracted the group is at the time).

    In political intrigue, where emotions like suspicion, trust, and fear run high, this system allows you to adapt to the narrative flow and also introduce additional surprise and suspense, while still providing clear outcomes and useful information. When you get into the swing of using flavored rolls, they’re a powerful storytelling and gameplay tool that adds a lot of interesting complexity.

    • Why it works: This approach reduces the need for heavy mechanical bookkeeping. It empowers the GM to quickly adapt to the flow of the story without interrupting the narrative for an abundance of rules interpretations. It also keeps the gameplay engaging for players because the outcome is always tied back to the story they’re unfolding. It also keeps things interesting and exciting for everyone at the table as the dice provide interesting twists and add an additional element of surprise.

    Psychological Loopholes and the Art of Engagement

    A black woman conducting a spiritual ritual indoors with a pendant, evoking mystical themes.

    Mastering intrigue in TTRPGs isn’t just about keeping track of numbers or relationships! It’s about manipulating attention, controlling decision-making, and keeping your players invested. GMs can draw on psychological tactics commonly used in sales, carnival tricks, and even the subtle art of psychic performers to guide players through complex political webs without overwhelming them. These techniques help players feel both in control and uncertain, driving engagement and immersion in the story. Here’s how:

    Misdirection: Directing Attention to Where You Want It

    In political intrigue, not everything is as it seems. Misdirection is a powerful tool for controlling player focus and pacing. By subtly introducing minor details that seem innocuous, you can later reveal their importance without forcing it. This technique mirrors the psychological sleight of hand used by magicians and con artists, where the attention is carefully guided to ensure that the big reveal lands with maximum impact.

    For example, an NPC might casually mention an upcoming banquet, which is framed like a harmless minor social event. Players, focused on their current objectives, might ignore it only to later discover that the “banquet” was a secret meeting, designed to sway key allies or arrange a political assassination. The players’ minds are tricked into thinking they were “in the know,” but the shift in power is revealed when they least expect it. This builds suspense and surprise, keeping players engaged without overwhelming them with unnecessary details upfront.

    • Why it works: Misdirection takes advantage of cognitive bias, specifically confirmation bias, where players expect certain outcomes based on initial information. By hiding key elements in plain sight, the GM ensures that players are both engaged and surprised, while creating a deeper connection with the plot.

    Social Proof and Influence: Using NPC Behavior to Guide Player Choices

    Humans are highly influenced by the actions and opinions of others, and this principle of social proof can be leveraged in intrigue-heavy games. By using NPCs as subtle influencers, you can guide player decisions without heavy-handed persuasion. In sales psychology, people are more likely to buy a product if others endorse it; in intrigue, players are more likely to support a faction or ally if they see important or friendly NPCs backing them.

    For instance, if an influential faction leader speaks highly of a particular political rival, players might feel inclined to either support or investigate that rival, influenced by the implied credibility of the endorsement mixed with the rival angle. Alternatively, a befriended NPC might offer veiled warnings about a faction’s plans, nudging players to proceed cautiously or even actively disrupt the rival’s activities. This approach streamlines a lot of things for players by giving them clear cues about where the political power lies, reducing the cognitive load and letting the plot unfold more naturally.

    • Why it works: This taps into the social influence principles of conformity and consensus. Players naturally seek validation from social cues, so using NPCs to “validate” certain actions or allegiances guides the flow of intrigue without requiring long monologues or exposition dumps. It’s the subtle psychological pressure that pushes players into a specific direction, while still allowing them to feel like they made their own choice.

    Reciprocity: Leveraging Favors and Debt to Build Tension

    Reciprocity is an ancient psychological principle that says people feel an innate obligation to return favors. This can be a key tool in political intrigue, where favors, alliances, and debts form the backbone of player motivations. When players make deals with factions or NPCs, they create expectations of repayment and these obligations can weigh heavily on their decisions later in the game.

    If a player helps an influential noble with a personal problem, that noble might offer valuable information or protection in return. But as the story progresses, they continue to be helpful and the trap is revealed. The noble whose helpful “kindness” in retrospect (hindsight is 20/20) proved overly generous for a reason comes to claim their “favor” asking the player to act in a way that conflicts with their current goals or alliances. This introduces a powerful narrative element where the weight of past decisions shapes the player’s future actions, adding a layer of psychological complexity without requiring complicated mechanics or bookkeeping.

    • Why it works: The principle of reciprocity plays into social and moral psychology, where people are hardwired to feel indebted after receiving something, whether it’s help, information, or a material gain. This flow is rarely one-sided and the balance can change over time as repayment crosses over into extra favors or a steady trickle of help keeps someone mildly indebted at all times. This creates emotional investment in the narrative, and players are more likely to engage in moral dilemmas, negotiate, or make tough decisions when they feel the weight of past actions pressing on them.

    Keeping it Simple, Making it Rich

    At the heart of these psychological tricks is simplicity. The most effective intrigue games are often the ones that don’t overload players with too much information at once. By using tools like misdirection, social proof, and reciprocity, you can shape a deeply engaging political narrative without bogging down the game with mechanical complexity. The beauty of these tools lies in their ability to guide players naturally through the story, ensuring they’re emotionally invested and actively engaged with every twist and turn.

    When you apply these techniques along with trackers, reputation tags, and flavored Motif rolls using dice labels, you create a dynamic, evolving world where player actions and decisions genuinely matter. They’ll feel like they’re driving the intrigue forward, while you as the GM maintain control over the direction and outcome of the story. And most importantly, these tools make intrigue more accessible for both players and GMs alike, because ultimately it’s all about keeping everyone engaged, focused, and ready for the next big revelation.

    The GM’s Role in Intrigue: Balancing Freedom with Structure

    Reputation tags and flavored Motif rolls give GMs the flexibility to focus on the narrative, not mechanics. These tools streamline the complexities of political intrigue, letting the GM adapt to player actions and keep the story moving without constantly referencing rulebooks.

    By simplifying relationships with reputation tags and maintaining clarity through trackers, GMs can focus on the psychological aspects of intrigue. All-flavor Motif rolls using dice labels provide a way to introduce flexibility, complexity, and additional surprise in a simple way. Techniques like misdirection guide players’ attention, while reciprocity and social proof help drive decisions and alliances. This balance of freedom and structure creates space for unexpected plot twists (alliances, betrayals, and power struggles) without losing track of the bigger picture. The key is to embrace simplicity, which lets players’ decisions and the drama unfold naturally.

    As a GM, the key to running political intrigue lies in trusting this approach’s simplicity. By offering players the freedom to make decisions without overwhelming them with excessive detail, you create space for unexpected alliances, betrayals, and power struggles to unfold naturally.

    Keeping It Engaging for Players: The Art of Guidance

    With these tools and psychological techniques, you can navigate your players through the labyrinth of political intrigue without forcing them down a rigid path. Just as carnival performers weave a mesmerizing spectacle, you can expertly misdirect and intrigue your players, creating a web of mystery and power plays they’ll eagerly unravel.

    Political intrigue may seem daunting, but when you combine the simplicity of reputation tags, trackers, and psychological cues, you can craft a compelling narrative that feels natural and engaging. Adding in the Motif dice labels approach provides an easy to use tool that complements that simplicity with suspenseful uncertainty and complex information. These systems take the complexity out of running the game, leaving room for twists, surprises, and, most importantly, player agency. The players aren’t just along for the ride; they’re co-authors of the unfolding drama, shaping the narrative alongside you.

    So, how do you keep intrigue engaging without overwhelming your players? What are some of the trickier pitfalls to avoid in this kind of storytelling? And, crucially, how can you make sure everyone at the table feels involved in the intrigue, not just the GM? What psychological tricks have you found most useful in your own games? Are there any common traps you’ve fallen into when running intrigue-heavy campaigns?

    I’d love to hear your thoughts on these ideas. Let’s dive into the conversation and share how we can make intrigue not just manageable, but unforgettable. Comment below or come shout at Rev about it on Bluesky.

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    Related posts:

    1. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)
    2. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)
    3. Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
    4. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    5. Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)
  • Free Christmas TTRPG: Holiday Anomalies Division (HAD)

    Free Christmas TTRPG: Holiday Anomalies Division (HAD)

    This entry is part 1 of 4 in the series Free Games

    Happy holidays! For the season, I’ve dug up another unfinished tabletop roleplaying game (TTRPG) from my slush pile to share with you all. Like others, it’s playable as-is. So have fun! And it’s released under a Creative Commons Attribution license, so feel free to hack away or even flat out flesh out and finish the game if you want!

    Welcome to the Division, Merry Agent

    Three businessmen in Santa hats exchanging gifts and toasting at a holiday party indoors.

    The holidays are supposed to be magical, but when things go wrong, it’s up to the Holiday Anomalies Division (HAD) to restore balance. Whether it’s rogue magic, runaway cheer, or traditions gone haywire, HAD agents are on the front lines, armed with festive gadgets, quick thinking, and a healthy dose of improvisation.

    In this game, you’ll face off against bizarre holiday crises, like out-of-control snowstorms, sentient ornaments, or time-warping New Year’s Eve balls. Your team of holiday protectors must use their wits, their gadgets, and each other to bring order to the chaos. Expect creative problem-solving, hilarious mishaps, and moments of unexpected brilliance as you save the season, one anomaly at a time.

    Get ready for a wild ride filled with absurd challenges and holiday magic. The season’s chaos is just beginning… are you ready to step in and save it?

    Core Gameplay

    Mission Stages

    Each mission unfolds in three stages, ensuring every scenario is packed with humor, action, and heartwarming resolutions:

    1. Investigation: Explore the environment, gather clues, and piece together the source of the anomaly.
      Example: “The local snow globe collection is projecting a blizzard into real life. Let’s interview the toy store owner and see what’s going on.”
    2. Containment: Use your skills, gadgets, and creative thinking to stabilize or neutralize the anomaly. Expect to deploy wild plans, sometimes on the fly!
      Example: “We’ll use the Christmas tree stand as a containment circle and trick the animated ornaments into it with carols.”
    3. Aftermath: Wrap up any lingering consequences, smooth things over with the public, and report back to headquarters.
      Example: “Well, we stopped the giant mutant gingerbread man, but now the city smells like burnt cookies. We might need an apology card.”

    Stats and Motif Rolls

    Stats

    Each agent assigns values to their stats: 0, 1, and 2. These stats define your agent’s strengths:

    • Contain: For wrangling, neutralizing, or redirecting chaotic forces.
    • Connect: For negotiations, teamwork, or emotional appeals.
    • Improvise: For creating plans, blustering off the top of your head, or finding unexpected solutions.

    Motif Roll System

    Whenever agents take action, they describe their effort, ask about how they effort turns out, and roll 2d6:

    • Answer Die: The first die answers the question about your effort. Your relevant stat adds to this die.
      • 1-3: No
      • 4-6: Yes
    • Wrinkle Die: The second die adds a twist or extra flavor.
      • 1-2: But
      • 3-4: Plain answer
      • 5-6: And
    Example Outcomes
    • “Yes and” (6, 6): Your success snowballs into even greater outcomes, but it may get hilariously out of hand.
    • “No but” (3, 1): You fail, but something mitigates the consequences or sets you up for future success.
    • “Yes plain” (4, 3): A straightforward success, nothing fancy but it gets the job done.
    Special Outcomes
    • Double 6s: Over-the-top success. You succeed so well that the action spirals into chaos in unexpected ways.
    • Double 1s: A catastrophic failure that introduces hilarious and humiliating consequences.

    Interpreting Rolls

    This is a game of chaotic fun and anarchic joy, even as the character strive to solve problems. Failures should not be punitive or simply stop the action. Failures and complications should introduce interesting consequences or simply move the story forward. There is intentionally no health system to this game. The results of actions and outcomes follow the fiction. Use common sense and the flow of the emerging story.

    Chaos Meter

    During the Investigation and Containment phases, the Chaos Meter tracks the growing instability of the anomaly, starting at 0 and maxing out at 10. Each failure (No result) adds 1 to the meter. If you roll a “No and” result, add an additional +1 (for a total gain of 2). The Chaos Meter resets to 0 at the start of each phase.

    Escalating Chaos
    • Reduction: Successfully helping civilians escape danger or making significant steps toward containing or calming the situation reduces the meter by 1.
    • Weirdness Die: As the meter rises, the world becomes more bizarre:
      • Chaos 3: Add a third Weirdness die to all actions to measure how surreal things are getting.
      • Chaos 5: Add +1 to the Weirdness die rolls.
      • Chaos 7: Add +2 to the Weirdness die rolls.
      • Chaos 10: Crisis Peak! The situation reaches its boiling point, and the team must make a desperate attempt to resolve the chaos before it goes critical.
    Weirdness Die

    Rolled as a third die on actions when Chaos 3 is reached. Measures how the world bends under the strain of chaos as the characters act:

    • 1: Normal and mundane.
    • 2: Slightly odd or unusual.
    • 3-4: Notably awkward or somewhat surreal.
    • 5: Outright strange and surreal.
    • 6: Reality is bleeding, expect total holiday mayhem.

    Gadget Invention and Use

    Creativity is key to resolving the holiday-themed anomalies, and agents can invent or tweak gadgets to aid in their missions.

    • Invention Rolls: When agents create new gadgets, they roll 2d6 with no modifiers. They use whatever random holiday items are on hand or around in the scene as the core of their invention.
    • Use Rolls: Using gadgets involves another 2d6 roll with no modifiers. The outcome is determined by the Motif system and failure could lead to hilarious malfunctions.

    Example Invention

    “I rigged this Rudolph-nose flashlight to repel candy cane bats. It works, more or less, except now it attracts sentient mistletoe!”

    Example Use

    “The snow globe containment device worked perfectly… until it started projecting disco lights into the blizzard.”

    Holiday-Related Goals

    Each agent has a personal holiday-related goal they’re working toward, perhaps a long-lost tradition, an unfulfilled wish, or simply a desire to make the season brighter. If it fits the situation, agents can rearrange their die after rolling to help achieve their goal.

    Tone and Focus

    This game is about embracing the chaos of the holidays with a heavy dose of humor, absurdity, and spontaneous creativity. Each mission is a wild ride, and players are encouraged to think outside the box, improvise, and roll with whatever unexpected twists come their way. The focus is on fun, the chaos of the holiday season, and keeping things light and entertaining.

    Mission Variety

    HAD deals with all sorts of absurd holiday crises, including but not limited to:

    • Recovery Missions: Retrieve or contain rogue holiday artifacts.
    • Containment Missions: Stabilize out-of-control magical events.
    • Negotiation Missions: Convince sentient holiday creatures to play nice.
    • Multi-Stage Anomalies: Tackle layered events, like a New Year’s ball countdown that creates a bubble of time and additional weird effects with each second counted.

    Each mission should be treated like a holiday adventure, with bizarre problems and off-the-wall solutions that keep everyone laughing and on their toes.

    Mission Loop: Building Your Holiday Adventure

    Cute gnome figurine skiing in snowy landscape, adding charm to winter decorations.

    The Mission Loop is the heartbeat of your holiday-themed adventures in Holiday Anomalies Division (HAD). Each mission unfolds in three key stages—Investigation, Containment, and Aftermath—ensuring that your game stays dynamic, fun, and full of surprises. In this section, we’ll guide you through how to create and run your missions, with advice on pacing, setting the scene, and a few tools to spark your creativity.

    Investigation: Unravel the Mystery

    The investigation phase is where your agents get to explore the weirdness surrounding the holiday anomaly. It’s time to gather clues, interview NPCs, and piece together what caused the problem in the first place. This is where the mystery unfolds and the tone is set.

    Tips for Investigation

    • Setting the Scene: Introduce a holiday setting that’s been turned upside down. A toy store filled with rogue, talking ornaments. A Christmas market under siege by malfunctioning reindeer. Let your players discover how far things have gone awry.
    • What to Do: Encourage players to investigate with a mix of asking questions, gathering physical clues, and talking to quirky NPCs. They may need to use their “Connect” stat to get information from a nervous shopkeeper or “Improvise” to find hidden clues.
    • Rewards: If the player successfully uncover helpful information and/or the root cause of the problem, all of their first actions in the next phase gain +2 on both dice.
    • Consequences: If players fail too hard and too much, causing the Chaos Meter to rise too high to 10, reality completely melts down in a surreal dream-like scene. The fundamental cause or main responsible figure will be revealed. The character them suddenly find themselves waking up in res media in the Containment phase, with the Chaos Meter reset to 0.

    Investigation Oracles

    You can use some all flavor (or dice label) oracles to help fill things out and guide the investigation process.

    Clue Shape

    • Visibility: How noticeable is the clue?
    • Condition: Is the clue in good shape?
    • Urgency: Does this clue feel pressing?

    Clue Value

    • Importance: Is this clue significant?
    • Clarity: How easy is it to understand?
    • Connection: Does this point toward the source of the anomaly?

    Clue Examination

    • Strangeness: How weird is the clue?
    • Reliability: How trustworthy is this clue?
    • Relevance: Does it relate directly to the anomaly?

    Clue Result

    • Source: Does the clue have a clear origin?
    • Difficulty: How hard is it to piece together?
    • Direction: Does it lead to more clues?

    Containment: Stabilize the Situation

    Once your agents have gathered enough clues and identified the cause, it’s time to contain or neutralize the anomaly. This is where improvisation, creativity, and quick thinking come into play. Players will need to come up with wild plans, deploy gadgets, and sometimes use their holiday skills to stabilize the situation.

    Tips for Containment

    • Setting the Scene: Now the stakes get high! The anomaly might be growing, so it’s important to make the environment feel tense. Maybe the snowstorm is getting bigger, or the rogue candy canes are multiplying by the minute.
    • What to Do: Players may need to work together to come up with a containment strategy, using their tools and talents. This could involve everything from singing a holiday song to calm down a rabid reindeer to using the Christmas tree stand to trap a rogue snow globe.
    • Rewards: If the players manage to solve the problem before the Chaos Meter caps out, the aftermath will be easier to manage. NPCs will be naturally more forgiving and understanding. The extant of damage or disruption will be less than it could have been. They should also gain a friendly NPC who is grateful for their help, who they may call upon for friendship or even assistance at times.
    • Consequences: The higher the Chaos Meter, the crazier and riskier the containment will be. At 10, the full power and strangeness of the event is unleashed and the characters must face a final showdown. The outcome will depend on their choice of actions and rolls, with no further chances.

    Containment Oracles

    Just like the Investigation phase, this phase also has some example oracles you can use to help flesh out and run the scenes.

    First Impression

    • Control: How easy is it to take charge of the situation?
    • Strength: How powerful is the anomaly?
    • Stability: How stable is the environment?

    Assessment

    • Speed: How fast is the anomaly growing?
    • Disruption: How much damage is the anomaly causing?
    • Intervention: How much can the agents intervene?

    Planning

    • Clarity: How clear is the containment strategy?
    • Resources: How many resources are available for the plan?
    • Consequence: What happens if containment fails?

    Contact With Reality

    • Duration: How long will it take to contain the anomaly?
    • Effectiveness: How well will the containment strategy work?
    • Risk: How risky is the plan?

    Aftermath: The Clean-Up and Consequences

    After the anomaly is contained, it’s time to wrap up. But the aftermath is never as simple as it seems! The town, city, or holiday environment still has to deal with the fallout of the situation, and your agents will have to make things right with the public and report back to headquarters.

    Tips for Aftermath

    • Setting the Scene: The holiday chaos should have left some quirky consequences behind, even in the best outcomes. Maybe the town is now covered in frosting, or there’s a herd of sentient snowmen wandering the streets.
    • What to Do: This phase is about managing the fallout. Players will need to smooth things over with any panicked civilians, undo the effects of the anomaly, and maybe even deal with an unexpected twist (such as an apology tour or media frenzy). The phase should end with a debriefing and review back at headquarters.
    • Rewards: If the aftermath is handled especially well, the Department may offer minor helpers or a less unreliable gadget for use on the next mission. There is also a chance to avoid gaining enemies and develop alliances.
    • Consequences: If the Chaos Meter was high, things won’t be as easily fixed. Maybe there are lingering side effects, like an overabundance of holiday spirit that causes everything to turn ridiculously festive, or the return of an anomaly that wasn’t fully contained. If the phase is badly handled, the team may end up with some persistant enemies or bad PR.

    Aftermath Oracles

    There are also some example all flavor oracles using dice labels for this phase too! Use them to help introduce more surprise and round out details in play.

    Simple Aftermath

    • Public Response: How well do the townsfolk feel about the team?
    • Holiday Spirit: How is the holiday mood affected?
    • Damage Control: How much effort is needed to fix the situation?

    Alternate Aftermath

    • Civic Reaction: What’s the general mood of the crowd?
    • Long-Term Effects: What lasting impact does the anomaly have?
    • PR Recovery: How much does the team need to manage public relations?

    Leftover Mess

    • Clean-Up Effort: How easy is it to restore order?
    • Media Frenzy: How does the media spin the event?
    • Community Impact: How is the community dealing with the aftermath?

    Fallout

    • Reputation: How do the locals view the team post-mission?
    • Festive Echoes: How much does the anomaly affect holiday celebrations?
    • Side Effects: Are there any lingering issues?

    Appendix: Using the All Flavor Oracles

    You ask about how things are or turned out. Roll 3d6 for an answer. Assign the labels in order from left to right or closest to farthest. Each label is interpreted according to its plain meaning, as illustrated by the example question that the flavor answers. Follow the intuitive scale below, judging the weight of the label by how much the flavor comes through or how positive/negative the outcome is.

    Scale

    • 1: Absolute absence or the complete opposite; most negative response
    • 2: Not at all or somewhat the contrary; clear negative response
    • 3: Somewhat or slightly so; mildly negative response
    • 4: Average or mediocre; slightly positive response
    • 5: Above average or notably strong; strongly positive response
    • 6: Peak or overwhelming; most positive response
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    Related posts:

    1. Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)
    2. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)
    3. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    4. In Defense of Optional Rules
    5. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)
  • Mastering the Art of Illusion: GM & Play Tips for Prophecies

    Mastering the Art of Illusion: GM & Play Tips for Prophecies

    This entry is part 5 of 7 in the series TTRPG Advice

    Creating the Illusion of Omniscience and Prophecy

    A creepy setup with a spellbook, skull, and candles on the ground, evoking Halloween vibes.

    In the world of tabletop role-playing games, creating the illusion of omniscience or crafting seemingly accurate predictions can elevate the storytelling experience. But it’s also something a lot of players and GMs struggle with! Effectively conveying that aura of knowledge or creating a convincing prophecy can seem impossible! But there’s a lot of established methods out there that can help make it easier.

    Whether you’re a GM weaving cryptic prophecies into your world or a player projecting the aura of a well-informed sage, psychological techniques like cold reading, symbolic ambiguity, and selective patterning can be powerful tools. This guide explores how these methods drawn from the practices of fortune-tellers, Nostradamus, and puzzle-makers can be adapted to enrich TTRPGs.

    Crafting Seemingly Accurate Prophecies

    Prophecies are a storytelling staple, especially in fantasy and science fiction. They add intrigue, guide narrative choices, and immerse players in the mystery of an unfolding world. Crafting effective prophecies, however, demands a nuanced approach, one that balances ambiguity with specificity. Drawing from the techniques of Nostradamus, psychic entertainment, and carnival routines, you can create prophecies that feel both enigmatic and eerily accurate. Here’s how:

    Use Symbolic Ambiguity

    Symbols are the lifeblood of prophecies. Vague yet evocative phrases like “a crimson tide” or “the lion’s fall” paint vivid mental images without locking you into a single interpretation. This deliberate vagueness mirrors the methods used by psychic performers, who rely on open-ended language to let the audience fill in the blanks with their own context.

    • GM Tip: Anchor your symbols to the themes of your campaign. For example, in a political intrigue setting, “the broken crown” might allude to a dethroned monarch, the collapse of royal influence, or even a disgraced prince. Leave the interpretation flexible for players to explore.

    Incorporate Open-Ended Timelines

    Avoid constraining your prophecies with specific dates or conditions. Instead, follow the lead of Nostradamus and carnival soothsayers, who use broad, poetic markers like “when the moons align” or “in the age of withered trees”. This ensures the prophecy remains adaptable, regardless of how the players alter the storyline.

    • Player Tip: As a character delivering a prophecy, use mystical or symbolic time markers that enhance the sense of mystery. Phrases like “when the flame meets the ocean’s edge” can be interpreted in myriad ways, from the tide washing over a bonfire to the Sun setting at dusk, keeping the story flexible while maintaining immersion.

    Anchor with Universal Themes

    Prophecies resonate most when they speak to universal human experiences: love, betrayal, triumph, despair. Nostradamus often crafted predictions around these timeless themes, making them relatable across generations. Similarly, carnival fortune-tellers focus on broad, shared fears or desires to make their readings compelling.

    • GM Tip: Tie prophecies to the core emotional stakes of your story. If your campaign centers on a brewing war, a prophecy about “kin turned foe beneath the burning sky” can both elevate the tension and spark speculation.
    • Player Tip: When portraying a prophetic character, blend universal themes with personal flair. For instance, “When steel sings its song, the betrayed will rise” hints at combat, revenge, or redemption, while leaving room for interpretation.

    Layer Predictions with Dual Meanings

    The most compelling prophecies allow for multiple interpretations, creating layers of meaning that reveal themselves over time. This technique, used by Nostradamus and modern psychics alike, ensures the prophecy feels dynamic and adaptable to unfolding events.

    • GM Tip: Write predictions that can be read in several ways. For example, “the rising sun extinguished by shadow” could refer to an empire’s collapse, an eclipse, or even a main character’s internal struggles. Let players’ actions and interpretations shape how the prophecy manifests in the story.
    • Player Tip: Embrace the duality of prophecy when delivering one. Infuse your words with dramatic weight and a hint of ambiguity. This lets other players speculate, debate, and ultimately influence how the prophecy integrates into the narrative.

    Encouraging Player Engagement

    A great prophecy isn’t just a riddle for players to solve, it’s a narrative tool that drives decision-making and sparks creativity. Encourage players to interpret, discuss, and act on the prophecy’s meaning. They more they look to fit the prophecy to events and interpret, the more they will see. We’re naturally pattern-finding creatures, even when they don’t actually intentionally exist! (Hello, Man in the Moon!) Whether they treat it as a divine roadmap, a cryptic warning, or a manipulative ploy, their engagement brings the prophecy to life.

    Projecting the Appearance of Knowledge

    A man with glasses reads an illuminated book outdoors during twilight.

    Both GMs and players can employ techniques from cold reading, psychic routines, and even the methods of charlatans to project the illusion of insight. These methods are especially useful for characters claiming supernatural foresight, divine knowledge, or advanced intellect. By mastering these techniques, you can create memorable interactions that leave players wondering whether their characters truly encountered someone with extraordinary knowledge or just someone skilled in persuasion and presentation.

    Start with Barnum Statements

    Barnum statements are vague, universally applicable phrases designed to feel personally significant. Scammers and performers alike often rely on these to build an initial sense of credibility, tapping into the natural tendency of people to interpret general statements in ways that feel specific to their own experiences. Examples include:

    • “You’ve faced hardship recently, but your resilience has carried you through.”
    • “Someone close to you has been withholding the truth, but their intentions may not be malicious.”

    Using qualifiers like “sometimes” or “in part” to allow partial matches, mixing positive and negative statements, and intentional gaps (like jumping to a conclusion, but on purpose to leave an opening for interpretation) are also all part these Barnum techniques. The overall idea is to prime the audience to find similarities or meanings between the lines and in partial fits, while still conveying confidence and surety.

    • Player Tip: As a “seer” or “oracle” character, use these statements to captivate others and draw them into your narrative. Pay attention to how other players react—if someone leans into the idea, subtly shift your focus to them, building on their responses to create an even stronger illusion of knowledge.
    • GM Tip: Use Barnum statements when introducing enigmatic NPCs. For instance, a village mystic might say, “I see loss in your past and a great decision in your future,” sparking intrigue while leaving the specifics open-ended.

    Apply the Shotgunning Technique

    Shotgunning involves presenting multiple possibilities in rapid succession, ensuring that at least one will resonate with the audience. This technique mimics how fraudsters appear to “hit the mark” while allowing flexibility to adapt their narrative. Example:

    • “I sense danger to the north… no, wait, it could be to the east… bandits perhaps? Or perhaps something darker, like a brewing war.”

    This can be easily overdone and render an attempted show of insight or prophecy into meaningless mush. Stick to just a couple of possibilities for each point and make them closely related in fact or theme. Also mix in other techniques to space out the shotgunning to prevent it from sounding repetitive or obvious.

    • Player Tip: Use this technique to portray characters who seem to have access to vast but imprecise information. A character claiming divine visions might rattle off possibilities, appearing overwhelmed by their influx of knowledge.
    • GM Tip: When NPCs employ this approach, they can appear omniscient or deeply attuned to the world’s mysteries, even if they’re simply making educated guesses based on campaign details.

    Use Pacing and Leading

    Pacing and leading involve making general observations (pacing) and gradually steering the conversation toward more specific predictions or insights (leading). Entertainment psychics use this to build trust and manipulate interactions, responding dynamically to their audience’s reactions.

    • Example: Start with a broad statement like, “Your path has been fraught with challenges,” and gauge the player’s response. If they mention a recent in-game event, build on that thread: “Yes, I see the shadow of betrayal… it grows darker still.”
    • GM Tip: When portraying NPCs with “insight,” carefully observe player reactions to adjust your narrative. This creates a feedback loop where the players unknowingly shape the illusion of the NPC’s knowledge.

    Leverage Archetypes and Familiar Motifs

    Archetypes and motifs (storms, wolves, flames, crossroads) are culturally and narratively rich symbols that feel significant and profound. Performers and would-be prophets use these universal touchstones to give their statements weight and relatability.

    • Player Tip: As a prophetic character, invoke archetypes to cloak your statements in mystery. Instead of saying, “Danger is ahead,” try, “Beware the howling wind that carries whispers of ruin.”
    • GM Tip: Integrate archetypes into NPCs’ warnings or visions. For example, an oracle might speak of “the serpent devouring its own tail,” suggesting cyclical destruction, betrayal, or renewal. These symbols leave room for interpretation and encourage players to speculate.

    Create an Aura of Authority

    Charlatans and scammers excel at projecting confidence and authority, making people more likely to believe their claims. This is accomplished through a combination of body language, tone, and contextual cues:

    • Confidence: Speak with unwavering conviction, even when improvising. Players will be more inclined to take vague or ambiguous statements seriously if they’re delivered confidently.
    • Contextual Setup: Frame the prophecy or insight with a ritual, such as reading bones, gazing into a crystal ball, or communing with unseen forces. These theatrics distract from the vagueness of the information and add an air of authenticity.
    • Authority by Association: Link your statements to established in-game lore, divine entities, or historical events. For instance, an NPC might say, “The stars whisper the same warning they gave before the Great Calamity.”

    Think about authority cues in popular fiction and your everyday life. There are various symbols, routines, and appearances to authority. Those in a position of expertise or authority also tend to speak in certain ways and certain patterns. Observing these can help inform how to convey that aura.

    • GM Tip: Use subtle environmental details to enhance the illusion of authority. An NPC seer living in a crumbling tower surrounded by strange relics will seem more credible than one in a simple cottage.
    • Player Tip: As a prophetic character, adopt a commanding presence. Small details like deliberate gestures, a calm demeanor, or enigmatic smiles can make even improvised predictions feel planned and credible.

    Integrate Into Gameplay

    Encouraging the illusion of knowledge isn’t just about performance. It’s a tool for enhancing gameplay! Players might act on prophecies, even if they’re vague or deliberately misleading, creating story opportunities and unexpected consequences. Similarly, NPCs who appear insightful can guide, deceive, or challenge players in ways that deepen the narrative.

    By applying these techniques, both GMs and players can craft richer, more immersive interactions, building a sense of wonder, mystery, and intrigue that keeps everyone engaged.

    Brief Aside: Psychology of Astrology and Horoscopes

    Astrology and horoscopes are prime examples of how these psychological principles can create the illusion of personal insight. While horoscopes are often vague, they rely on certain techniques to convince readers that they are accurate and relevant to their lives. This section explores how these methods work without any mention of spiritual or metaphysical beliefs.

    The Barnum Effect: One of the most powerful psychological tricks used in astrology is the Barnum effect, a phenomenon where people believe vague, general statements about themselves are highly accurate. Statements like “You have a great deal of unused potential” or “You sometimes doubt yourself” are applicable to nearly everyone, yet they create a sense of personal relevance. By including universally true statements that feel tailored, astrologers make readers believe they’re gaining deep insight into their lives.

    Vagueness and Ambiguity: Horoscopes are often worded in ways that make them applicable to a wide range of situations. Phrases like “A big change is coming your way” or “Someone close to you may need your help” can be interpreted in countless ways, making them feel true regardless of what actually happens. This ambiguity allows people to project their own experiences and expectations onto the reading, reinforcing the illusion that the horoscope was accurate and specific.

    Confirmation Bias: People tend to remember the hits and forget the misses, which plays into the way horoscopes seem to predict the future. If a horoscope includes a vague statement like “You will face a challenging decision this week,” and the reader happens to face a decision, they’ll likely credit the horoscope for being accurate. On the other hand, if the prediction doesn’t apply, it’s quickly forgotten or dismissed as irrelevant. This tendency to seek and remember confirming evidence is called confirmation bias.

    Personalization Through Language: Many horoscopes use language that feels intimate or personal, such as addressing the reader directly with “you” or making reference to specific personality traits. This creates a feeling of a one-on-one interaction, making it easier for the reader to believe the message is specifically meant for them. The more personalized the language, the more the reader will feel that the horoscope was meant to guide them.

    These psychological tricks help make astrology and horoscopes seem accurate and applicable to the individual, even when the information is general and could apply to anyone. Understanding these techniques can also enhance a GM’s ability to craft prophecies, riddles, and other narrative elements that engage and convince players of their relevance, all while maintaining an air of mystery and intrigue.

    Practical Example: Crafting a Prophecy with Depth

    fantasy, eclipse, atmosphere

    Prophecy: “When the silver tower crumbles beneath the weight of the unseen hand, the sun shall bleed black, and the beast will be crowned in iron.”

    Techniques in Use

    Symbolic Ambiguity

    • Silver tower: This could represent an actual building, a powerful entity, or a place of authority. Its destruction is vague enough to have many interpretations.
    • Unseen hand: Could refer to hidden political forces, magical influence, or an internal betrayal, leaving room for various explanations.
    • Sun shall bleed black: This suggests an ominous event, but doesn’t specify whether it’s a literal eclipse, a metaphor for corruption, or a future plague.

    Effect: The prophecy gives just enough detail for players to start theorizing. It makes the prophecy feel ominous, but flexible, without locking them into one fixed outcome.

    Shotgunning

    The oracle might add more possibilities, as they reflect on their own prophecy:

    • “The silver tower could fall because of a magical war, a betrayal, or even an internal collapse.”
    • “The unseen hand… could be a sorcerer, or perhaps a secret faction pulling the strings.”
    • “The black sun may herald death, or a great transformation… what if it’s not an eclipse at all, but something far worse?”

    Effect: By offering multiple interpretations in rapid succession, the GM can not only leverage the technique but also make the experience feel like the oracle is drawing on real-time reflection and insights. The ambiguity heightens intrigue and fuels player curiosity.

    Pacing and Leading

    If players start to fixate on a “dark sorcerer” interpretation of the prophecy, the GM can adapt and have the clairvoyant respond:

    • “The unseen hand is not what you think… it seems to come from a place you cannot see.” This deepens the mystery and encourages the players to think about the prophecy more deeply.
    • “You’re closer than you realize, the silver tower might already be crumbling under its own weight.” This encourages that line of thinking, while leaving some room for further interpretation and adding dramatic pressure.

    Effect: The GM reads the players’ interest and adjusts to reinforce or redirect their thoughts, subtly guiding them while keeping the feeling of mystery intact.

    Overview

    This prophecy uses ambiguity and layered meanings to keep players engaged and guessing. The symbols are flexible, so players are drawn into interpreting them based on their own actions and knowledge, which makes the prophecy feel alive and integrated into the story. By using shotgunning and pacing techniques, the GM has room to adapt and build a growing mystery without ever fully explaining it upfront. This is how you craft a prophecy that feels like it has weight, complexity, and relevance to your campaign.

    Bringing Prophecies to Life

    By adapting techniques from cold reading, symbolic ambiguity, and human psychology, GMs and players can elevate their storytelling and puzzle-solving to new heights. These methods don’t just create the illusion of insight, they deepen the narrative, making every interaction, prophecy, and riddle feel weightier and more meaningful. The blending of these techniques adds layers of mystery and intrigue, creating a dynamic and immersive experience that lingers long after the game ends.

    Whether you’re crafting a cryptic prophecy, dazzling your party with riddles, or portraying a character who seems to possess uncanny foresight, these approaches offer a powerful toolkit to enhance your game. Through symbolic language, careful pacing, and a touch of psychological insight, you can shape the story in ways that feel personal, tailored, and unpredictable, while still maintaining a sense of structure.

    What techniques have you found most effective in crafting prophecies, riddles, or puzzles in your games? Do you prefer creating mysteries that leave room for player interpretation, or do you enjoy revealing answers in surprising ways? Share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below! Or come scream at Rev on Bluesky about it. Let’s explore these methods together and keep the conversation going!

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    Related posts:

    1. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)
    2. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)
    3. Mastering Intrigue: Crafting Suspense and Tension in TTRPGs
    4. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)
    5. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
  • Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)

    Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)

    This entry is part 1 of 5 in the series RPG Theory

    Novice TTRPG Players and Simple Guidance

    Close-up view of red tetrahedral dice amidst rustic jars and burlap on a natural surface.
    You should go make a game with Caltrop Core, maybe.

    One of the great paradoxes I’ve noticed in TTRPGs is that newer players don’t always need the extensive examples and explanations that seasoned gamers often request. It’s fascinating how the learning process can differ so much depending on experience level. While experienced players may want every detail laid out to navigate complex systems, novice players tend to do just fine with simpler, more straightforward instructions. So why is that?

    To really understand why this is, we have to look at how cognitive psychology, gaming culture, and design philosophy come into play. New players are engaging with the game in a fresh way, while veterans approach things with a wealth of past experiences and mental models already in place. This combination of factors explains why simple rules can be so effective for new players, but also why they might leave veterans wanting more.

    Cognitive Load Management

    Starting out in TTRPGs can be overwhelming. New players are diving into an entirely new hobby, and everything is unfamiliar. From understanding the game’s goals to figuring out how to roleplay effectively, there’s a lot to take in. The key to helping them succeed is to reduce cognitive load, essentially not bombarding them with too much information at once. By simplifying what players need to process, you create a more approachable and enjoyable entry point.

    That’s why simple, streamlined rules work so well. New players don’t need to memorize a bunch of rules upfront; they only need the basics to get started. Systems like Fate Accelerated or Lasers & Feelings are perfect for this! They’re rules-light, accessible, and let players focus on having fun without getting bogged down by details. These systems also encourage players to explore their creativity without the intimidation of complex mechanics, fostering a sense of accomplishment early on.

    With cognitive load under control, players can dive into the game right away. Which itself enables more easily experiencing the game firsthand, which is often the most effective and engaging way for players to understand how it all fits together.

    Learning Through Play

    For new players, a good way to learn is often by diving in and engaging directly. Behavioral modeling plays a huge role here. Watching others navigate mechanics, solve problems, and roleplay their characters helps new players build an intuitive understanding of the game.

    It’s one thing to read about how a skill check works; it’s another to see someone roll the dice and react in real time. Whether it’s observing how a seasoned GM handles a tricky situation or seeing another player bring their character to life, learning through example is incredibly effective.

    This isn’t limited to group play, either. Even in solo roleplaying, the act of playing and reflecting on how it feels is a powerful teacher. Experimenting with the rules, testing out scenarios, and seeing what clicks provides valuable feedback that can’t be replicated by simply reading a manual. It’s all about learning through doing, which resonates deeply with how human psychology is wired.

    At its core, experiential learning is the heart of this process. Picking up a new hobby or skill is all about practice, getting in there, trying things out, and gradually getting better. TTRPGs are uniquely suited to this, offering a mix of structure and flexibility that encourages players to jump in and learn as they go.

    But what truly sets new players apart is their flexibility. Without years of preconceived notions or expectations, they often adapt more quickly to the rules and find creative ways to engage with the game. This adaptability is a powerful asset, allowing them to embrace simple guidance and make the most of the experience.

    Adaptability

    What’s amazing about new players is their adaptability. They haven’t been trained to expect certain complexities, and that’s a huge advantage. Without preconceived notions about how rules “should” work, they’re open to whatever the system throws at them. With fewer expectations, they can engage with simple rules without overthinking them, allowing for a more organic experience. This flexibility makes them more open to experimentation and less likely to get caught up in analysis paralysis over myriad options.

    The Tabula Rasa effect is big here. Novices often approach rules with fresh eyes, making them open to experimentation. Conversely, experienced players may often compare rules to prior systems and/or hold certain assumptions. Graceful degradation is something newer players excel at as a result. Novices will often default to common sense and broad principles, as well as more often collapse to core rules. Seasoned gamers will look for more nuance, more often look for edge cases, and generally expect more direct guidance.

    The Takeaway for Game Designers

    For game designers, the lesson is clear: Keep things simple. New players thrive when they can engage with the game without getting overwhelmed by complex rules or excessive explanations. A system that emphasizes simplicity and encourages learning through play will help novices feel confident and enjoy their experience right from the start.

    Experienced Players and the Need for Detailed Guidance

    A dark, moody still life scene featuring red and blue gaming dice, books, and a magnifier on a wooden surface.

    Complexity Preference

    For seasoned players, simplicity can sometimes feel like a limitation. After years of playing more complex systems, many veterans crave the depth and nuance that come with detailed rules. They want to be able to dive deep into the mechanics, optimize characters, and explore all the strategic options available.

    Systems like Pathfinder and Shadowrun thrive in this space. They offer a level of granularity and choice that challenges experienced players and rewards those who enjoy analyzing every aspect of the game. These systems activate analytical thinking, rewarding those who relish strategic complexity. They also often reward system mastery, which encourages a desire for deep rules understandings.

    Desire for Comprehensive Understanding

    Experienced players often seek clarity on edge cases and exceptions. They need detailed rules and examples to navigate these situations confidently. For them, the finer points of a system matter, especially when the game isn’t going according to the usual script. A system that provides clarity on the exceptions and intricacies helps them play with confidence, ensuring that no one gets stuck in a situation where they’re unsure of how to proceed.

    The can also want clarity on edge cases and exceptions because these often define the boundaries of creativity within the game. Detailed examples allow experienced players to confidently navigate unusual scenarios, ensuring they can “play to the rules” without stalling gameplay. In addition, gamers accustomed to systems like Dungeons & Dragons may expect clear guidance for adjudicating specific situations. Understanding this prior experience is key for seasoned gamers.

    Integration with Prior Knowledge

    Veteran players come into a game with a wealth of experience, so they’re naturally comparing new systems to the ones they already know. They’ve built mental models (or “schemas”) of how TTRPGs “should” work, and if the new system doesn’t align with those expectations, it can cause confusion.

    Discrepancies between these expectations and a new game’s mechanics can lead to frustration without sufficient explanation. A well-designed system can acknowledge this by providing clear explanations of how it differs from other games or being very clear about its own nuances. Without these distinctions, experienced players may feel lost or frustrated trying to figure out how things work.

    Challenges with Simple Rules for Experienced Players

    Overinterpretation

    Experienced players often struggle with simple systems because they assume there’s more complexity hidden in the rules. When the system feels too straightforward, they begin to look for deeper meaning or “unspoken” rules. This overthinking can lead to confusion, especially when the simplicity they encounter doesn’t match their mental models.

    Cognitive Rigidity

    Another challenge is cognitive rigidity. Long-time TTRPG players can become so accustomed to the intricacies of complex systems or robust presentations that transitioning to something simpler or more direct can feel like a step backward. Research indicates that experts in any field can develop a rigidity that limits their ability to adapt to new frameworks; this same psychological principle applies to TTRPGs. This rigidity can make it hard to adapt to lighter systems and simpler explanations that don’t provide the same level of depth they’re used to.

    Expectation of Depth

    Veterans can expect games to offer rich, strategic gameplay. They are often come to anticipate a certain level of complexity in gameplay and/or detail in rulebooks. Simpler texts may seem “shallow” to them, leaving them unsatisfied. They can feel those lighter books are lacking the intricate balance or emergent possibilities of more robust frameworks and explanations.

    Balancing Rule Presentation for Different Players

    Young professionals collaborating on a project in a modern office with laptop and notes.

    Layered Rulebooks

    One way to meet the needs of both novice and experienced players is to present rules in layers. Start with the core mechanics, keep it simple and easy to digest. Then add deeper, optional rules for those who want them. This approach lets new players engage without feeling overwhelmed while still providing the depth that experienced players crave.

    However, balancing this can be tricky. If the rules aren’t organized well, it can feel like you’re constantly flipping through pages to find the right information, which can be frustrating.

    Integrated Examples

    Including examples directly in the text helps everyone, regardless of experience level. Novices benefit from seeing the rules in action, and experienced players appreciate examples that clarify edge cases. The key here is to keep examples relevant to all types of players, showing how the rules can be applied in different contexts.

    This requires a balance of keeping it simple and direct for new players, while providing the clarity and nuance more seasoned players crave. There is also the pressure to maintain the text flow and usefulness as a reference, favoring conciseness that may sacrifice some nuance or detail.

    Encouraging Exploration

    Another way to bridge the gap between new and experienced players is by encouraging creativity within a structured system. Games that offer flexibility while still keeping things clear and simple can appeal to both groups. Designing systems that promote creativity within clear boundaries can engage both new and seasoned players, accommodating different preferences for complexity.

    Systems like Powered by the Apocalypse do this well. New players get to co-create the story alongside the GM, while veteran players can still engage with the rules in a deeper, strategic way. It’s the best of both worlds.

    A Few Final Thoughts

    The Role of Player Psychology

    The psychology of TTRPG players varies greatly. New players are often more risk-tolerant and excited to explore, while experienced players regularly seek mastery and optimization. These different approaches to the game highlight the importance of balancing rules in a way that caters to both. The more we understand these tendencies, the better we can design games that speak to a wider audience.

    The Evolution of TTRPG Culture

    TTRPGs have evolved a lot over the years, with indie games gaining traction and traditional systems like Dungeons & Dragons continuing to thrive. This diversity in gaming culture means that players bring different expectations based on their experiences. Designers need to be aware of these cultural shifts and cater to the broad spectrum of preferences.

    Game Master Dynamics

    The role of the GM also changes depending on experience. Novice GMs can benefit from systems that allow flexibility and creativity. Their lack of assumptions, along with the accompanying openness and adaptability, is their great strength. In contrast, veteran GMs typically look for more robust tools that help with complex storytelling and adjudicating rules. Their experience and system mastery, with the knowledge and rules familiarity they provide, form their strong points. Understanding these differences is key to making a game that works for all GMs.

    OK, Actual Final Thoughts

    Cheerful young African American male student in casual clothes throwing college papers up in air while having fun in green park after end of exams

    The interplay between simplicity and complexity in TTRPG design reflects not only player experience levels but also evolving cultural and cognitive preferences. Novices often thrive on minimalist guidance that reduces cognitive load, encourages exploration, and builds confidence. Veterans, on the other hand, oft demand nuanced mechanics, detailed examples, and robust systems that align with their mental models and expectations.

    However, this is all variable and nuanced based on the tabletop roleplaying game niche they embrace, their general mindset and preferences, and their overall experience. Game designers can meet these diverse needs through thoughtful layering of rules, embedded examples, and systems that balance creativity with clarity. Understanding the psychology and preferences of different player groups enables inclusive designs that enrich the TTRPG experience for everyone.

    And as always, I’d love to hear your thoughts on this! Leave a comment here and/or come scream at me about it on Bluesky.

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    Related posts:

    1. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    2. Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
    3. In Defense of Optional Rules
    4. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)
    5. Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)
  • Free Duo Game: The Immortal’s Affairs

    Free Duo Game: The Immortal’s Affairs

    This entry is part 2 of 4 in the series Free Games

    The Immortal’s Affairs – A TTRPG About Legacy and the Passage of Time

    Dug up from my slush pile, inspired by this post about dice labels. I never got around to fully fleshing this out. But it’s quite playable as-is. 

    A man wearing a white suit with angel wings, sitting by an old building outdoors.

    Welcome to The Immortal’s Affairs, a two-player tabletop roleplaying game about a dying immortal and their final journey toward peace. This game invites players to explore themes of time, legacy, and closure, as one immortal, weary from centuries of existence, seeks to settle their affairs before their inevitable passing. The second player assumes the role of Mother Nature, the ancient force of the world itself, who has come to observe the Immortal’s passing and learn from this unique being. Together, you will navigate the challenges and emotions of final goodbyes, unfinished business, and the ultimate acceptance of death.

    Game Overview

    The Immortal is an ancient being who has lived for centuries but is now aging, their time in the world coming to a close. They have come to accept the inevitability of death, finding peace in the idea of rest after so many long years. However, before they can pass, they have five complex, unresolved affairs they wish to settle, matters that, if left unfinished, could weigh on their soul forever.

    Mother Nature is the spirit of the world, the embodiment of the Earth’s cycles and forces. She has witnessed countless lives, but the Immortal stands out. Mother Nature has come to understand the Immortal’s existence, and now seeks to understand why the Immortal was created and why their passing is now inevitable. She inhabits the people and places around the Immortal, observing them, interacting with them, and learning about the Immortal’s journey. Perhaps the Immortal’s passing is not just about death but about something deeper, the meaning of their long life and their eventual end.

    Game Roles

    Those key figures are also the main game roles. Each player takes on one of the roles, while the other player takes the other.

    • The Immortal: One player takes the role of The Immortal. This character is an ancient being nearing the end of their life, filled with wisdom, regrets, and unfinished business. They will use their Approaches to navigate the world and attempt to resolve their five chosen affairs.
    • Mother Nature: The second player becomes Mother Nature, the spirit of the world. You embody the forces of nature, inhabiting the world around the Immortal and learning about their history, their motivations, and their end. You are not just an observer! You interact with the Immortal, guiding them or complicating their journey as you see fit.

    Core Mechanics

    Three red transparent dice stacked on a dark surface, highlighting their reflective surfaces and dots.

    The gameplay is driven by narrative choices, dice rolls, and thematic exploration. Through these mechanics, you will tell the story of the Immortal’s final moments and the legacy they leave behind. Below is an overview of the key mechanics you’ll need to understand.

    Approaches and Dice Rolls

    Approaches: The Immortal character has 6 Approaches to choose from at the beginning of the game. Approaches represent the Immortal’s personality and guiding principles. They can range from qualities like Aggressive and Bold to Humble and Resilient. These approaches shape how the Immortal reacts to challenges, interacts with the world, and solves problems. Each time the Immortal takes an action, they choose three of their Approaches to guide them. The three Approaches are linked to the dice they roll during that action, and each die reflects a different aspect of the action:

    • Low Roll (1-2): The action fails or leads to unintended consequences. The Immortal’s attempt doesn’t align with their intentions and creates complications.
    • Middle Roll (3-4): The action succeeds in some capacity, but it may not be as clean or satisfying as hoped. The Immortal’s approach may feel incomplete or leave room for further work.
    • High Roll (5-6): The action succeeds beautifully. The Immortal’s approach is effective and their intention is realized fully, often beyond their expectations.
    • Weirdness (optional 3rd die): If only two Approaches are chosen, a third die can be rolled that represents the weirdness and surreal aspects of the Immortal’s existence. This die adds unexpected twists and dreamlike elements to the outcome.

    At the beginning of the game, the Immortal selects 6 Approaches from the following list. These approaches will guide their actions throughout the game and shape how they interact with the world: Apathetic, Assertive, Bold, Brave, Calm, Careful, Compassionate, Creative, Curious, Cunning, Decisive, Determined, Dreamer, Friendly, Grateful, Honest, Humble, Honorable, Impulsive, Inventive, Patient, Proud, Reckless, Resilient, Resourceful, Sarcastic, Shrewd, Stoic, Thoughtful, Understanding, Vulnerable

    World Events and Time Pressure

    Classic black analog alarm clock on rustic wooden background, perfect for time and nostalgia themes.

    World Events: The Immortal’s journey is not just about the affairs they are attempting to settle, there is an ever-present, unpredictable element of the world around them. Every time the Immortal rolls for an action, Mother Nature must roll a d6 to determine if a World Event occurs. On a roll of 1, something happens that radically changes the world around the Immortal or complicates one of their affairs. These events can take many forms:

    • A sudden illness or injury affects the Immortal.
    • An ally betrays the Immortal or a new foe appears.
    • The world around the Immortal changes dramatically, shifting the stakes of their affairs.
    • The Immortal learns something surprising or unsettling about themselves or their past.

    If 5 World Events occur, the Immortal’s time runs out, and they begin to die. At this point, they must face the final consequences of their unfinished affairs. The game shifts toward the negative end, leaving the Immortal with unresolved regrets and a legacy left incomplete. The number of World Events keeps both players on their toes, adding a layer of unpredictability and pressure to the Immortal’s quest for closure.

    Settling Affairs

    Choosing Affairs: At the beginning of the game, the Immortal player must choose five complex affairs to resolve before they die. These affairs represent significant emotional, relational, or practical matters that the Immortal must confront in their final moments. The affairs can be as grand or as intimate as the player desires. What is most important is that each affair feels like a key part of the Immortal’s journey toward peace.

    Some examples of affairs might include:

    • Saying Goodbye to an Old Friend: The Immortal must reconcile with someone from their past, perhaps a person they betrayed or neglected.
    • Releasing Control of My Empire: The Immortal may have built an empire, and now they must ensure its future without them.
    • Forgiving a Betrayer: The Immortal must come to terms with a past betrayal that still weighs heavily on them.
    • Finding Peace with My Past: The Immortal may be haunted by past mistakes or regrets and needs to find a way to make peace.
    • Reconciliation with a Loved One: The Immortal must heal a fractured relationship, perhaps with a partner or child.

    Time Limits: Each affair should be structured to take between 3 and 7 rolls to resolve, and the number of World Events that occur during the game will shorten the time remaining. The Immortal is under time pressure, and though they may wish to take their time, their final moments are always slipping away. Players should balance the Immortal’s need for closure with the unpredictability of the world around them.

    The Empathy Mechanic

    Mother Nature’s Role: As Mother Nature, you are not just a passive observer of the Immortal’s journey. You can actively shape the Immortal’s path. One of the key ways you interact with the Immortal is through dreams and reflections. These moments provide an opportunity for the Immortal and Mother Nature to understand each other better, to share perspectives, and to gain insight into their respective roles in this world.

    Empathy and Understanding: Throughout the game, Mother Nature appears to the Immortal in dreams or moments of reflection.  This happens after each affair is handled. During these conversations, the Immortal and Mother Nature can share their thoughts and feelings, gaining a deeper understanding of each other. If the two come to a full mutual understanding, the Immortal can gain 1 additional completed affair of their choice. If they come to a partial understanding, the Immortal automatically succeeds at their next action. If they reach no understanding, Mother Nature will be difficult or slightly hostile during the next affair settling, frustrated by the lack of needed insight. These moments of emotional connection can significantly influence the Immortal’s ability to resolve their affairs, offering insight into their heart and motivations. It is also a way for Mother Nature to more deeply engage with the events of the game.

    Endgame Resolution

    Close-up portrait of a woman with tears on her face, conveying emotion.

    The story of the Immortal concludes in one of three ways, depending on how well the affairs are settled:

    • Positive Resolution: If the Immortal completes all five affairs in time, they pass away peacefully, their soul at rest, having reconciled with the past and the future. Their death is a moment of calm acceptance and fulfillment.
    • Negative Resolution: If time runs out, the Immortal dies with unfinished business, leaving regrets and a legacy that will never be complete. The end comes with uncertainty, perhaps even sorrow for what could not be done.
    • Mixed Resolution: If the Immortal makes it through all five affairs with some left in a bad state or unfinished, they are rewarded for the completion with an ending that starts like the positive resolution. However, their moments of peace and comfort are interrupted by doubts and regrets about the improperly finished affairs.

    Example of an Affair in Play

    Affair: “Saying Goodbye to an Old Friend”

    • Preceding Actions: The Immortal tried to play it off smoothly, but the friend was put on edge knowing something was up. The friend was convinced to play a parlour game a bit as a distraction, they eventually became suspicious. Desperate for more time to just enjoy their friend’s company, The Immortal proposed an outing to the movies but they put the friend on full alert, who demanded immediate answers. So far, no World Events were rolled. Now the Immortal is making their last attempt.
    • The Immortal’s Roll: The Immortal uses the Approaches Friendly, Resilient, and Inventive.
    • Bad Roll (1, 6, 2): The Immortal tries to express their feelings, but their words fall far short (perhaps even coming across as insulting or demeaning), and their old friend feels distant and confused.
    • Middle Roll (6, 2, 4): The Immortal manages a bittersweet goodbye. Their friendship and love is clear, but the moment is far from ideal, too-clever-by-half word choices and uncontrollable tears leaving both parties with unanswered questions.
    • Good Roll (6, 4, 5): The Immortal shares their feelings fully and insightfully, and their friend understands them completely. While there are a few tears, they part with love and peace, each knowing they are truly understood.

    Mother Nature’s Dream Interaction: After the Immortal has made some progress on their affairs, Mother Nature may appear to them in a dream, where they reflect on the Immortal’s life. They talk about the meaning of friendship and how the goodbye ended and what it means to The Immortal. Mother Nature has a hard time fully grasping the pain, as all things pass in nature. Similarly, The Immortal still feels the pain of loss each time after all these years and cannot understand Mother Nature’s “callous” attitude. But they come to a mutual understanding about fondness and love, as pairing and bonding are common in nature, even if the love of friendship is unique. The Immortal’s first action next affair will automatically succeed.

    Conclusion

    The Immortal’s Affairs is a game about time, legacy, and the search for closure. In the end, the Immortal will either die in peace or with unfinished business, but the journey of completing their affairs and understanding their purpose offers a deep, emotional experience for both players. Through the mechanic of rolling dice, the unpredictability of World Events, and the heart-to-heart conversations between Mother Nature and the Immortal, this game provides an immersive, thoughtful exploration of life’s most poignant moments.

    What do you think of this game? Have you tried to play it? Are you taking any inspiration from it? Are you planning to hack it? I’d love to hear about any of that. Come scream at me on Bluesky about it!

    This game is released under a Creative Commons Attribution license. Just give credit to Rev Casey or Thought Punks as a source.

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    Related posts:

    1. About Us
    2. Welcome to Thought Punks!
    3. Blog Archives
    4. In Defense of Optional Rules
    5. Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)
  • Dice Labels: The Heart of the Motif Approach

    Dice Labels: The Heart of the Motif Approach

    This entry is part 1 of 3 in the series Motif Thoughts

    Thinking About Dice Labels and Narrative Dice in Motif

    Also check out the free RPG I was inspired to share from my slushpile by this post!

    Woman with drink playing dice amidst casino smoke, evoking a mysterious nightlife vibe.

    When it comes to TTRPGs, rolling dice is often about success and failure. But what if the dice could do more? What if they could weave a rich, story-driven narrative with every roll? Enter Motif, a narrative dice system that transforms the simple act of rolling dice into a powerful tool for storytelling. Motif provides answers to questions as an oracle system. Motif’s magic lies in its use of labeled dice, each one offering a different aspect of the story.

    Rather than being limited to basic success/failure metrics, Motif turns each die into a question about the world, the characters, or the situation. It’s this layered, dynamic approach that sets Motif apart and gives it such powerful potential, whether you’re a seasoned GM or flying solo on an adventure. Let’s take a deep dive into the core dice labels that make this system tick.

    Core Dice Build: A Flexible Narrative Tool

    At the heart of a core Motif build is a simple but incredibly versatile system of three dice. These dice don’t just measure success or failure, they bring your narrative to life layer by layer with each roll. While the standard Motif build uses the following labels, what’s great about Motif is that you can totally tweak these labels to suit your game. But let’s first look at how the system works with the classic three-label approach:

    • 1st Die: Answer
      The first die is all about answering the question. It gives you the basic “yes/no” or “success/failure” outcome. Depending on how you set it up, this die will give you the simplest answer to your query.

      • 1-3: No
      • 4-6: Yes
      • Example: Let’s say your party is looking for shelter. You roll a 5, and you find a cabin nearby. Success!
    • 2nd Die: Wrinkle
      The wrinkle die is where things get spicy. It adds depth and complexity to your simple answer. It doesn’t just let you say “Yes” or “No”; it modifies that response and makes the outcome more interesting. This die determines whether your success has an extra twist or your failure is worse than expected.

      • 1-2: But… (the outcome has a twist, alleviating or complicating things).
      • 3-4: Plain answer (straightforward and no complications).
      • 5-6: And… (the answer is strong, with an additional benefit or complication).
      • Example: The group rolls to see if they can find shelter. The answer die gives them a yes, but the wrinkle die adds a 6 (And). They find a cabin, and it turns out to be fully stocked with supplies. Bonus!
    • 3rd Die: Flavor
      Ah, the flavor die. This is where things get really fun. The flavor die brings the thematic richness to your roll, adding more context or tone based on what’s important for the moment. Think of it as an extra dimension, highlighting what’s most crucial for the scene. Whether it’s Safety, Advantage, Favorability, or even Weirdness, the flavor die gives your answer a distinct personality.

      • Low rolls indicate a lack of that flavor (or the opposite of it).
      • High rolls emphasize that flavor in a big way.
      • Example: Imagine you’re in a survival situation, trying to find shelter in a post-apocalyptic world. The flavor die is set to Safety. A roll of 1 means the shelter is unsafe (maybe it’s crawling with threats), but a roll of 6 means the shelter is perfectly secure and safe.

    Beyond the Standard Build: Customizing Dice Labels

    Now, here’s where Motif really shines… flexibility. Sure, you can use the standard Answer, Wrinkle, and Flavor setup, but why stop there? Motif allows you to completely customize the dice labels to match whatever’s happening in your game. This means you can use the dice for anything, from treasure hoards to NPC interactions to world-building elements. The sky’s the limit!

    For example, let’s say your group stumbles upon an ancient treasure chest hidden in a ruined temple. You can assign dice labels like this:

    • 1st Die: Value (How valuable is the loot?)
    • 2nd Die: Condition (What’s the condition of the items?)
    • 3rd Die: Danger (How dangerous is it to get to this treasure?)

    Let’s roll:

    • 1st Die: 6 (High Value) – This is treasure worth fighting for!
    • 2nd Die: 1 (Poor Condition) – Most of the loot is in bad shape, so it might not be worth the trouble.
    • 3rd Die: 5 (High Danger) – Traps abound! You’ll have to be cautious, or you’re toast.

    So, there something truly valuable deep in there, but most of the hoard has been ruined and the danger is real. That means the players have a tough choice: go for the gold and risk their lives, or walk away empty-handed?

    You could easily change this up to use in other situations, such as for NPC encounters or scene setting. Here’s a few examples:

    • NPC Interaction:
      • 1st Die: Relationship (How strong is the NPC’s bond with the group?)
      • 2nd Die: Mood (How good or bad is the NPC feeling?)
      • 3rd Die: Reaction (How well does the NPC respond to the party?)
    • Scene Setting:
      • 1st Die: Atmosphere (What’s the tone of the scene, dark or bright?)
      • 2nd Die: Obstacles (How difficult are the problems or barriers here?)
      • 3rd Die: Opportunity (What are the chances like to find resources and treasure?)

    Adding Narrative Dice Layers to Other Systems

    But wait, there’s more! You don’t have to play a Motif game to use Motif’s labeled narrative dice. One of the most exciting features is how easily it can integrate into other systems, acting as an add-on to your favorite RPGs or solo games. Whether you’re playing a dungeon crawl or running a one-shot, you can use Motif dice labels to spice up your game.

    Here’s how Motif can enhance other systems:

    • Solo Play: Use the dice as oracles to answer questions, generate plot twists, or decide on story outcomes without needing a GM.
    • Loot Generators: You could roll for value, condition, and danger or other appropriate labels to generate interesting treasure hoards.
    • World-Building: Need to define a new region? Assign thematic labels (like Hospitality, Danger, Wealth) and roll to quickly determine the flavor of a new area.

    You can also layer Motif onto or in-between existing mechanics to add flavor and important details, which can be especially useful in low prep GMing and solo RPG situations. Let’s use an illustrative example! Imagine you’re running a traditional dungeon crawl. Instead of just having players roll to “disarm trap,” use the dice labels to flesh out the trap mechanics. Maybe you assign labels like:

    • 1st Die: Visibility (How hard is it to detect?)
    • 2nd Die: Severity (How bad is the trap?)
    • 3rd Die: Effectiveness (How hard is it to avoid the trap?)

    A roll of 1, 6, 3 could mean it’s a hard-to-detect trap and very dangerous if triggered, though reasonable to avoid with the right skill.

    Try Letting Your Dice Tell the Story

    The dice labels in Motif aren’t just random numbers on a die, they’re powerful storytelling tools. By giving each die a distinct role in your game, you’re creating a world that responds to the choices your players make in dynamic, unpredictable ways. Whether you’re deep in the heart of a Motif game or using these dice as a supplement to your favorite system, the possibilities are endless. You’re not just rolling dice, you’re crafting stories.

    If this kind of thing interests you, be sure to check out the free duo TTRPG about a dying immortal I’m sharing from my slushpile because of this post!

    So, what are you waiting for? How will you label your dice? What new stories are you going to tell? Let’s get rolling! If this spurred any thoughts, come scream at me on Bluesky about it. 

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    Related posts:

    1. Dice Modes: Simulation, Narrative, Oracles
    2. Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
    3. In Defense of Optional Rules
    4. Getting in the (Dice) Swing of Things
    5. Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
  • RPG Idea: Hard Road Ahead

    RPG Idea: Hard Road Ahead

    This entry is part 3 of 4 in the series Free Games

    Something I may never complete. Inspired to share this from my slush pile by my post about Ghibli-inspired games. Putting this out there for anyone else to finish, if they want. Fully open license, public domain. Use as you will.

    Hard Road Ahead

    Mysterious forest road at night with a solitary silhouette, creating a haunting atmosphere.

    A two-player micro-RPG inspired by the darker elements of Studio Ghibli.

    Overview

    One player takes the role of The Young Person, someone desperately striving to save a loved one who will die without their help. The other plays The World That Is, a callous, indifferent force that cares only for the endless cycles of life, death, and the laws of the universe. Together, you will tell a story of hardship, fleeting hope, and the cruel beauty of persistence.

    What You Need

    • 6-sided dice (d6), at least three.
    • Paper and pen for tracking progress.
    • A quiet space to reflect and tell your story.

    Setup

    1. The Young Person names their loved one and describes why they must save them. Define the relationship and what makes this bond vital.
    2. The World That Is describes the setting: is it a crumbling city, a storm-lashed forest, or a war-torn countryside? Frame the narrative tone.
    3. Both players collaboratively decide on the loved one’s three essential needs:
      • Medicine to treat or prevent sickness. What treatment do they need?
      • Food to stave off starvation. What kind of allergies and other food issues must you avoid?
      • Clothes to protect against deprivation. What is needed for the season, weather, and terrain?
    4. Draw two trackers:
      • Young Person’s Needs: Hunger, Exposure, and Exhaustion, each starting at 0.
      • Loved One’s Needs: Sickness, Starvation, and Deprivation, each starting at 0.

    How to Play

    The story unfolds across at least five quests that The Young Person must pass to gather the resources their loved one needs. Each quest is an encounter, framed by The World That Is, which presents as (roll a d6):

    • 1-2, A Social Trap: An overprotective guardian, a deceptive merchant, or others with conflicting goals.
    • 3-4, A Task: Delivering messages, retrieving a lost item, or fulfilling a troubling request.
    • 5-6, Internal Struggles: Phantoms or hallucinations of doubt and despair.

    For each quest, the conditions available in the quest may offer a chance to reduce negative conditions for the player and there are two possible outcomes:

    • Pass: The Young Person earns a vital item (Medicine, Food, or Clothes) and/or a step of relief for their own Needs.
    • Fail: The World That Is offers a deus ex machina escape at a steep cost: an increase of 1 in either Sickness, Starvation, or Deprivation for the loved one, as well as usually an increase of one of the young person’s Needs.

    Mechanics

    Set of white dice with black pips on a reflective black surface, showing various numbers.

    1. Encounter Timers: Each encounter is resolved in three rolls or less, symbolizing the limited time available. The timer reflects urgency, a collapsing bridge, approaching danger, or window of opportunity closing.
    2. Rolling for Progress: The Young Person rolls 1d6 per action. Actions must align with their described approach to the challenge. They may choose to accept 1 negative track for +2 dice. Once per encounter, you may also pick one of your loved one’s Needs and roll twice as many extra dice as the track is at. But if you take a cost (partial success or failure), it adds +1 to one of their other Needs tracks in addition to the young person’s. However, if you succeed, reduce the loved one’s Need used by 1. Possible results:
      • 6: Overwhelming success.
      • 4-5: Partial progress; the player may advance but at a cost, such as 1 Hunger, Exposure, or Exhaustion.
      • 1-3: Failure; no progress and +1 to one of the young person’s Need tracks.
    3. Tracking Needs: Needs can be alleviated to some degree by the encounters, such as eating at a strange festival to reduce Hunger or taking shelter with that witch for a while to reduce Exposure. When any of The Young Person’s Needs (Hunger, Exposure, or Exhaustion) reaches 5, they collapse, lost to the indifferent world. The game ends with tragedy, as they are discovered dying by their (probably also soon to perish) loved one.
    4. Loved One’s Condition: Failures during encounters add to the loved one’s Sickness, Starvation, or Deprivation. They cannot be alleviated under they are reached by the Young Person. However much Medicine, Food, and Clothing they have reduces Sickness, Starvation, and Deprivation that much. If the game ends with any higher than 1, or 1 in all, their future is ambiguous. 1 or 0 in all, except for all 1s, they go on to be well. When any of these reach 3, the loved one succumbs before The Young Person can reach them. The story ends in sorrow.
    5. Winning the Game: If The Young Person successfully passes at least five quests and delivers at least 1 Medicine, Food, or Clothes, they reach their loved one in time, saving them (at least for now) from death. Note the loved one’s condition to judge their epilogue. And the journey’s toll remains, leaving scars and questions about what was lost to succeed.

    Example Encounter

    The World That Is: “You step briefly inside a well-maintained old cottage and suddenly an old woman blocks your way. Her house is warm, filled with food, and she offers you shelter. But she insists you stay and never leave. Her smile is kind, but her grip on your arm is iron the moment you step anywhere near the doors or windows.”

    The Young Person: “At first I may have no choice, so I will rest a while and eat a bit to put her at ease.”

    The World That Is: “The old woman seems happy that you accept so easily. She presents course after course of food, then covers you with a blanket as you rest afterward in a deep comfortable chair, reducing both your Hunger and Exhaustion by 1.”

    The Young Person: “When she settles down herself, that is my chance. I will try to distract her by singing a lullaby to make her sleepy.”

    Successful Quest

    The young person rolls a 4, a partial success with a cost. The old woman’s eyes droop, but she shakes her head and her gaze remains fixed on them. They also take 1 Exhaustion as they sing a lullaby but resist the urge to sleep. Continuing to sing, they make a second roll. The old woman finally nods off, lulled to sleep by the soft melody. The Young Person gathers food and escapes, having some time while the woman sleeps so both reducing their Hunger by 1 and earning 1 Food for their loved one.

    Failed Quest

    The young person rolls a 2, a failure. The song is off-tune as the old woman eyes them suspiciously and remains perfectly alert as she sips her tea. The awkward tension is draining and adds +1 to Exhaustion.

    The Young Person: “I see this isn’t working. I’m going to try making increasingly bothersome requests to see if I can get her away long enough to slip out.”

    The young person groans as they roll a 3, another failure. They ask for different blankets, pillows, obscure snacks, and the whole lot of it but she never has to leave the room to accommodate the young person. The whole process is so tiring and adds another +1 to Exhaustion. Their Exhaustion is creeping very high and they decide to not risk any further action.

    The Young Person: “If I can, I’m going to accept that there is no escape for now and rest to recover a bit before the other shoe drops.”

    The World That Is: “You may remove one of those Exhaustions you gained. As you fitfully nap, you are rudely awakened being pushed out of the chair. The old woman is screaming at you about some request you made while half-asleep. As far as you can tell it was for some kind of cookie or snack, but she is taking it as a deadly insult. You are thrown out of the house in the middle of a storm, gaining 1 Exposure. Reflecting the plenty that you’re leaving behind, your loved one’s Starvation goes up by 1.”

    Themes of Reflection

    After each quest, The Young Person pauses for a moment of introspection. The player must describe what keeps them going despite the rising toll and stress, while The World That Is narrates how the environment reacts: indifferent stars, whispering winds, or the cold indifference of a collapsing society.

    Conclusion

    Hard Road Ahead is not about triumph or comfort but persistence against the odds. It captures the heartache, fleeting beauty, and relentless hardships that echo the darker undertones of Studio Ghibli’s masterpieces, while also mixing in non-traditional conflicts and whimsical encounters to reflect the other side of the inspiration. Will you make it in time, or will the world’s callousness win?

    Have you hacked this into a more complete game? Are you incorporating some of these ideas into your own game? Or have you even tried giving this raw/mini version a try? Please, shout at me on Bluesky about it. 

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