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  • Crafting Minimalist Settings for Tabletop Roleplaying Games

    Crafting Minimalist Settings for Tabletop Roleplaying Games

    This entry is part 6 of 6 in the series TTRPG Advice

    Create Worlds That Spark Imagination Without Overwhelming

    painting, creativity, imagination, pen, hand, starry sky, creation, inspiration, black sky, black painting, black paint, black creative, black inspiration, creation, creation, creation, creation, creation, inspiration, inspiration, inspiration

    Tabletop roleplaying games thrive on imagination. At their best, they whisk players away to vibrant, fantastical worlds brimming with possibilities. But not every game needs dense lore or intricate backstories. Sometimes, the most captivating settings are the simplest ones, lean, vivid, and bursting with potential.

    Tight settings have a magic all their own. With just a few well-chosen details, they paint vivid pictures that invite players to fill in the gaps. This co-creation not only makes the world feel alive but also deeply personal.

    If you’re a designer or TTRPG enthusiast crafting short, unique campaigns, this is for you. Whether it’s a one-shot or a minimalist setting for a full game, these tips will help you capture the essence of a setting without overwhelming your players, or yourself.

    We’ll explore how to create immersive worlds with just enough detail to inspire imagination and collaboration. Using practical tools like “world rules”, psychological principles, and real-world examples, you’ll learn how to design succinct settings that spark creativity and keep players engaged.

    The Appeal of Minimalist Settings

    At their core, tabletop RPGs are a shared canvas, where players and game masters build stories together. While sprawling, lore-heavy worlds have their charm, there’s something uniquely captivating about minimalist settings, worlds stripped to their essence, leaving space for players to bring their own creativity to the table.

    This isn’t just about saving time. Minimalist settings embrace the collaborative nature of RPGs, acting as springboards for improvisation and dynamic storytelling. They’re about giving just enough structure to spark imagination, then stepping aside to let the players take over.

    Why Minimalism Works in TTRPGs

    Minimalist settings shine because they focus on what truly matters: sparking imagination and facilitating play. For busy players and GMs, sprawling campaign guides can feel like a chore. A concise setting, on the other hand, distills the world’s core ideas into digestible pieces, making it easy to jump straight into the fun.

    But minimalism offers more than convenience. It invites co-creation. Intentional gaps in the setting give players room to fill in details, adapt the world to their story, and feel invested. Instead of providing a rigid blueprint, minimalist worlds offer frameworks, vivid enough to inspire, yet flexible enough to evolve.

    The Appeal of Filling in the Gaps

    The magic of minimalist settings isn’t just creative, it’s psychological. Sparse details ignite the imagination, encouraging players to fill in the blanks with their own ideas and experiences. A prompt as simple as “a long-abandoned castle formed of intertwined trees in a mist-filled valley” can inspire countless unique interpretations.

    This works because it reduces cognitive load. When settings are easy to process, players have more mental energy for creativity and play. Instead of struggling to remember endless details, they focus on shaping the story.

    The gaps left in minimalist settings also create a sense of ownership. Players naturally invest in worlds they help shape, embedding their own narratives and emotional connections. These settings become more than backdrops, they become dynamic, living spaces that reflect the group’s collective imagination.

    With these benefits in mind, let’s dive into the techniques that make minimalist worldbuilding so effective. By mastering these methods, you can create settings that captivate without overwhelming.

    Core Techniques for Creating Punchy Settings

    Minimalist settings excel by finding the perfect balance between clarity and mystery. They give just enough detail to inspire, while leaving space for interpretation and curiosity. Here are the core techniques to make your settings stand out:

    World Rules and Key Points

    A great way to define a minimalist setting is with world rules, or key points, a handful of foundational ideas that capture the tone, themes, and logic of the world. These rules act as guiding stars, shaping how players perceive and interact with the setting.

    The summarized World Rules of NEVER Stop Smiling:

    • Undying: Death isn’t permanent, but resurrection comes at a cost.
    • Unknowing: Secrets abound; the true nature of immortality is unknown.
    • Unraveling: Repeated resurrections lead to unsettling changes in body, mind, and soul.
    • Unreal: The world feels surreal and disjointed.
    • Unremembered: Memory is hazy and unreliable.
    • Unstable: Maps are meaningless in a world that constantly shifts.

    These rules don’t just set the tone, they invite exploration of existential dread and the uncanny. Players instantly understand the vibe and themes, while still having room to build their own stories.

    For a lighter example, here’s the key points from Dinosaur Wizards in Space:

    • Dino… what?
      • You are a dinosaur.
      • You are a wizard.
      • You are in space.
    • Now what?
      • Have crazy cool adventures.
      • Boost your ship.
      • Find your people.

    In just a few lines, the stage is set. The tone is playful, the premise is clear, and players have all they need to start imagining.

    Let’s create another brief example of world rules for a delirious dystopian hyper-tech world:

    • Symbiotic Systems: The ships you live on are sentient, sustained by your energy and devotion.
    • Fluid Reality: Technology warps time and space; yesterday might rewrite today.
    • The Singularity Watches: An enigmatic AI oversees the fleet, its motives unknowable.
    • Memory as Currency: Vital information costs you memories, bartered with shadowy brokers.

    These rules not only establish the setting but also convey its emotional core, suggesting themes of dependence, instability, and sacrifice.

    Using Evocative Language

    The right words can do more than describe, they can evoke emotion, spark imagination, and set the stage for an entire world. Consider this description: “a bustling city where night hides sins and shadows whisper secrets.” In one line, you know it’s a vibrant, mysterious place. Players can picture it, yet the details remain open for interpretation. Striking this balance is key: too much abstraction risks losing players, while too much specificity can feel restrictive.

    Examples of evocative language:

    • “A forest where the trees hum with ancient songs, their leaves glittering like stars.”
    • “A desert where time bends, and shifting sands hold the ruins of lost empires.”

    With evocative language, less is more. A few vivid phrases can set the tone and leave room for players to make the world their own.

    Cultural and Archetypal Shortcuts

    Sometimes, the quickest way to establish a setting is through shared cultural touchstones. Phrases like “Lovecraftian horror” or “cyberpunk” immediately conjure images and themes. They are useful shorthand for larger concepts. However, not all players share the same references, and some archetypes may carry different meanings across cultures.

    To keep things inclusive, provide open-ended cues that allow reinterpretation. For example:

    • Instead of “ancient gods,” try “forgotten powers that defy understanding.”
    • Instead of “a traditional medieval kingdom,” try “a crumbling realm caught between the old ways and new.”

    By offering flexible, inclusive archetypes, you invite players from diverse backgrounds to connect with the world in their own way. These techniques (world rules, evocative language, and flexible archetypes) are the foundation of punchy, minimalist settings. They provide just enough structure to inspire, while leaving plenty of room for creativity and collaboration.

    Drawing Players Into Succinct Settings

    Full body of happy diverse students with notebooks and laptop sitting on grassy lawn on campus of university while studying together

    The magic of a succinct setting isn’t just in the details, it’s in how those details resonate with players. By using hooks that tap into curiosity, trust, and emotional investment, you can create worlds that linger in your players’ imaginations long after the game ends. These techniques don’t just engage players, they foster a deep connection to the setting, making it feel richer and more immersive than it might appear on paper.

    Reader/Player Buy-In

    For a minimalist setting to succeed, players need to care about it. This “buy-in” comes from aligning the setting’s tone, themes, and mechanics with the players’ expectations and emotional interests. It’s like setting the stage for a play: if the audience doesn’t connect with the premise, the magic fizzles out.

    Start by building trust. Players need to believe the setting’s internal logic makes sense and that it delivers on its promises. For example, a horror game should not only feel spooky but also reinforce that tone through mechanics, like the Jenga tower in Dread or the Corruption system in No Angels Live Here. These elements reassure players that their engagement matters and the world will respond accordingly.

    Buy-in also thrives when players feel they have a stake in the world. Minimalist settings, by their nature, invite co-creation. A strong framework gives players just enough structure to personalize their experiences while leaving plenty of room for their ideas to flourish. When players can leave their mark on the world, they become more invested in its story.

    The Power of Mystery and Ambiguity

    Nothing draws players into a setting quite like a sense of mystery. The unknown ignites curiosity and pulls them deeper into the world. In minimalist design, ambiguity complements this by leaving room for interpretation, ensuring that every player’s experience feels personal and unique.

    Mystery works best when layered:

    • Personal Mystery: What secrets lie in a character’s past or powers?
    • World-Building Mystery: What’s the story behind that crumbling tower or glowing rune?
    • Narrative Mystery: Where did the settlers go, and what strange force is at work?

    Take NEVER Stop Smiling, for example. Its “Unremembered” and “Unstable” rules leave history and geography deliberately hazy, inviting players to speculate and shape the world. Similarly, “time feels fluid and life is like a fever dream” creates a surreal framework that encourages players to fill in the blanks with their own interpretations.

    The key is restraint. Mystery and ambiguity lose their allure if overused or explained away too soon. Instead, plant evocative seeds (cryptic symbols, strange phenomena, or unexplained events) and let players explore and theorize. The more their imaginations are engaged, the more alive the world feels.

    Practical Tips for Game Designers

    While the allure of mystery and co-creation is powerful, it works best with thoughtful execution. Translating these ideas into actionable design requires a deliberate approach, one that balances simplicity with depth and invites player engagement from the outset.

    Iterative Design and Playtesting

    A strong setting resonates with players, and the only way to ensure that is through playtesting. Start small with a handful of key points, a vivid description, or a core theme. Then, put it to the test.

    Watch how players interact with your world. Do they engage intuitively, or do they struggle to find their footing? Are there moments of unexpected creativity, or do certain elements fall flat? Each session provides valuable feedback that helps refine the setting.

    Playtesting isn’t just about fixing what doesn’t work, it’s also about discovering what players bring to the table. Their interpretations and additions can inspire new layers or directions for the world. This collaborative feedback loop ensures that your setting feels dynamic and player-focused.

    Balancing Simplicity and Depth

    The challenge of minimalist worldbuilding lies in hitting the sweet spot: too sparse, and the setting feels empty; too detailed, and it becomes overwhelming.

    Focus on what makes the setting unique. What are its essential concepts? Use tools like world rules to distill these ideas into a few actionable points. Think of them as signposts, clear enough to guide players but open enough to invite exploration.

    Depth comes from layering. Beneath the simplicity, include hooks or prompts that encourage deeper engagement. For example, a description of “an endless library where forgotten dreams are shelved” hints at countless mysteries without requiring an exhaustive explanation. These optional layers let players decide how much they want to explore.

    Incorporating Visuals and Props

    Minimalist settings can gain enormous impact from visual or tactile elements. A simple map, an evocative piece of art, or even a mood board can ground the setting’s tone and inspire players. For example, a map with intentionally vague but evocative labels like “The Dreaming Sands” or “Ruins of the First Ones” can spark curiosity without overloading players with detail.

    Props can also make abstract ideas tangible. A cryptic artifact described in the setting might appear at the table as an actual trinket. Mechanics like Dread’s Jenga tower or a thematic deck of cards can reinforce the tone while adding interactive elements. These touches don’t need to be elaborate, they just need to complement the setting and encourage creative engagement.

    By embracing these practical strategies, you can transform a minimalist concept into a world that feels expansive, immersive, and alive. Whether through playtesting, layered design, or evocative visuals, each element works together to draw players in and keep them engaged.

    Expanding the Toolbox

    Succinct settings aren’t just the backdrop for a story; they’re active participants. They grow and shift alongside the narrative, shaped by the players’ creativity and choices. The tools you build into these settings should spark emergent storytelling and open doors to endless possibilities. Think of them as a foundation players can stand on, and leap from.

    Encouraging Emergent Play through Punchy Settings

    Great succinct settings don’t spell everything out. Instead, they plant seeds, evocative but incomplete details that invite players to fill in the blanks and explore unexpected paths. For example, NEVER Stop Smiling uses thematic world rules like “Unknowing” or “Unstable” as prompts, letting players decide how those ideas take shape in their story.

    To encourage emergent play:

    • Pose collaborative questions. For instance, “What does the city look like after its latest unpredictable shift?” sparks group creativity and invites co-ownership.
    • Include adaptable narrative seeds. Broad prompts that work across genres or tones, like “A powerful relic has reappeared… why does it terrify the elders?” keep the setting fresh across multiple campaigns.

    Punchy settings work because they cut through the clutter. Instead of bogging players down in excessive detail, they leave room for meaningful, player-driven interaction. Every choice ripples outward, creating a world that feels alive and uniquely theirs.

    Building Modular World Rules

    World rules don’t have to be one-size-fits-all. In fact, the best ones aren’t. Modular rules give GMs and players room to tweak, reinterpret, and expand without losing the setting’s core identity. These flexible frameworks empower groups to shape the world to their preferences.

    Here’s an example:

    • Base Rule: Living Spaceships: Every ship is sentient, though their personalities vary wildly.
      • Modular Expansion: Ship Oddities: Some ships whisper forbidden secrets, while others act as unreliable narrators. What is your ship’s quirk? How does your crew adapt to it?

    This modularity flows from how the mechanics drill down from the core setting concepts. Dinosaur Wizards In Space offers some choices for dinosaur traits, wizard type, and a ship talent in character creation to reinforce those central themes and aspects. As an expansion on the base rules, it also encourages players to select a few ship traits and flaws, adding flavor and detail to their intergalactic home and main equipment in a simple way.

    This turns the setting into a collaborative canvas. By blending structure with freedom, you encourage players to become co-authors, creating a richer, more personal experience. The result? A world that feels truly alive and endlessly customizable.

    Crafting Worlds with Less

    The beauty of minimalist worldbuilding is how it inspires players to dream big with just a few simple prompts. It’s about sparking the imagination, not smothering it with endless details or rigid lore. By leaving space for players to fill in the blanks, you give them ownership of the world, and that’s where the magic happens.

    Evocative language, flexible world rules, and a touch of ambiguity are your strongest tools. They make the setting accessible while leaving room for mystery. And by focusing on the essentials, you create a foundation for stories that feel dynamic, personal, and deeply engaging.

    Now it’s your turn to take the leap. How can you incorporate these principles into your own settings? Try crafting a succinct, punchy world for your next game. Experiment with evocative prompts, modular rules, and moments of mystery that invite players to co-create.

    We’d love to hear your stories! How have minimalist settings sparked creativity in your games? What challenges have you faced, and what successes have you found? Let’s keep the conversation going! Share your ideas, questions, and favorite techniques. Leave a comment below or hit up Rev on Bluesky and yell at him about it!

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  • Diary of a Deacon Part 3 (a NEVER Stop Smiling novella)

    Diary of a Deacon Part 3 (a NEVER Stop Smiling novella)

    This entry is part 3 of 3 in the series Diary of a Deacon

    The prose version of a NEVER Stop Smiling solo playthrough. Read Part 1 and Part 2.


    Entry 8: Laughter With Wrong Echoes

    Silver Throat shone with the artificial brilliance of a dream realized, or perhaps a nightmare cloaked in gilded light. As we walked its gleaming streets, the weight of our task hung heavily behind us. The laughter that filled the air, bright, almost too bright, was the sound of a city reborn, or so it seemed. The buildings, once broken and dark, now shimmered with vibrant hues as if the city itself had been repainted by unseen hands. The walls were alive with color, a feverish carnival of radiant reds and blues that almost burned to look at.

    Music bloomed from open windows, the sound of flutes and strings weaving together into a chorus that joined the humming pulse of a city resurrected. The connections to the rest of The Happy Place had been restored, and with them, the pulse of joy that defined this fragile, feverish paradise.

    The people lined the streets, their eyes alight with something almost manic, their voices singing praises to us as though we were miracles incarnate. “Bless the Deacons!” one woman shouted, hands clasped in prayer-like reverence. “The First Oracle’s miracle lives on through you!” Their cheers were loud and effusive, their smiles wide enough to crack their faces in two. The worship was almost sickening in its fervor, like the city itself was drunk on its own revival.

    I should have felt pride. I should have felt relief. The task we were sent to complete had been accomplished. The promise had held true. We had restored joy. Death had been unraveled, and Reine had returned. She was whole again, alive, her smile gleaming like the sun that bathed the streets of Silver Throat.

    Yet, when I looked at her, standing beside us, smiling with the rest of us, I wondered.

    Is she really her?

    We nodded and smiled, our faces painted in the same veneer of joy, though I could feel the tremors under my skin. Isaiah’s voice rang out, warm but too steady. “The joy is eternal.”

    “All is well now,” I echoed, the words spilling from my mouth with the practiced ease of a mantra. “And it will be forever.”

    The crowd’s cheers followed us like a blessing, or a curse, as we boarded the tram back to the heart of The Happy Place. But as the bright voices faded into the distance, a shiver curled its way down my spine. The weight of what we had endured lingered, just beneath the surface. It wasn’t the kind of thing you could outrun. It was a shadow, always in the periphery, always waiting for you to look away.

    I should feel reassured. I should feel… something. The truth had been proven, after all. Death is a fleeting illusion for those who follow the law, for those who believe. We had saved Reine. We had defeated Death herself, and now Reine stood beside us, smiling like the rest of us, shining like a doll in a showcase. But still… my face aches. The smile feels like a foreign skin strapped to my skull. My soul trembles, shivering in some place deep beneath the flesh, where the surface joys cannot reach.

    When Isaiah and Reine ask me about my past, I lie. Not because I mean to deceive, but because the past feels so far away, like a dream I can’t quite touch. I tell them easy lies about tinkering with toys, about little things, the kind of shallow memories that don’t demand too much thought. But it doesn’t feel like my past anymore. It feels like something, someone, else’s. A life I have abandoned, or perhaps a life that has abandoned me.

    Is this how it happens? Does it always happen here? Does the Happy Place take you, reshape you to fit the mold it has made? Why is memory so… fluid here? Maybe, for me, it’s a mold that fits the Deacon’s role, the one where there is no room for anything but joy.

    The tram slows as we near our stop. I can feel the weight of the citizens around us, eyes on us, too many of them, too intent. Are they watching because we are Deacons? Or because they see the cracks in me, the hollow that I have become? I can feel their eyes crawling over my skin, pressing in on the parts of me that are too soft, too broken, that I cannot hide.

    I want to run. To escape. To find somewhere where I don’t have to smile, somewhere where the weight of it all can fall away. But there is no place like that here. Not in The Happy Place. Not for someone like me.

    I can feel my heart clenching, a tightness in my chest that refuses to release. But no tears come. There are no tears in a place like this. Not for Deacons. Not for those who serve the First Oracle’s eternal promise.

    When we finally reach the Counselor’s office, I can feel the gaze of the city still on us, even though the cheers are long past. They linger, heavier now, like something they want to keep hidden, but can’t quite grasp. What do they see in us, the ones who return from the deep places? Do they see a gleam in our eyes, or do they hear the whispers beneath our smiles?

    Reine stands beside me, still smiling, still perfect. But as she looks at me, as I look at her, I wonder… Is she still Reine?

    And I wonder… Though joy is to be eternal, how long can we keep the mask from slipping?

    Entry 9: The Hollow Beneath the Smile

    A black and white photo of a man's eye

    The Counselor’s chambers were a vacuum, an emptiness so profound that it seemed to swallow all color and sound. The walls stretched endlessly in all directions, their smooth white surface gleaming with a sterile coldness that suggested no reality could truly settle here. The air hummed with the quiet, omnipresent buzz of unseen machinery, as though the room itself was some kind of living system. It felt as thought it were alive in a way that we, the people of The Happy Place, could never be. And yet, it was not quite alive. It was the kind of sterile precision that only machinery and gods could afford.

    The room held no warmth, no personal touch, only the vast, looming desk at its center, a physical and symbolic barrier between us and the Counselor. Behind it, the figure sat motionless, a creature so still it might have been carved from stone. The Counselors always felt like something other, something that had transcended normality, grown too far removed from humanity to be fully understood. Their robes shimmered in the light, bright and immaculate, covered in gold-threaded patterns that seemed to shift when they were not being looked at directly, an optical illusion, or perhaps something stranger, like the ripples of reality itself folding and bending at their command.

    Their smile, perfect and unwavering, filled the space like a blade held at the ready. There was no warmth there. Only the cold precision of absolute control.

    “Sit,” they commanded, the word not a request but an inevitability that resonated with an unspoken weight. The air thickened as the syllables settled around us, suffocating in their finality.

    We obeyed, our bodies stiff, our movements clumsy in the presence of something so alien, so far removed from what we knew. The smile stretched on our faces, as artificial and forced as it had ever been. I could already feel the ache in my jaw from holding it.

    The Counselor’s voice, smooth as velvet yet sharp enough to cut glass, began its ritual. “Describe the resolution in Silver Throat.”

    Isaiah, ever the composed figure, spoke first, his words flowing smoothly, his tone as measured and rehearsed as the finest of orators. He recounted the mission with the precision of a man reading from a script, each detail perfectly in line with what the Counselor wanted to hear.

    Reine followed next. Her words were halting, her voice a little thinner, but still steady, the practiced sheen of a survivor not yet fully tempered by this life. Her account was clean, composed… far too composed, given the chaos we had faced.

    When it was my turn, I offered a concise and sanitized report, stripping away anything that might have disturbed the sanctity of the narrative we were building. I left out the screams, the ones that rattled our bones long after the noise had stopped. I left out the transformations, the creeping horror of that unfathomable machine, its pulsing, organic mechanics leaking dread into the air like a poison that we had swallowed without truly realizing it. I kept my words pure, as they were supposed to be. The image of victory. The triumph of joy.

    The Counselor’s gaze, unwavering and cold, swept over us like a scalpel. “Did you uphold the joy of The Happy Place throughout?”

    “Yes,” we answered in perfect unison, as though the response had been programmed into our very cells. Our smiles were flawless, even as our minds betrayed us.

    The Counselor’s gaze sharpened, dissecting the smallest of movements. Their next question came with an edge. “And what of doubt? Did you feel any?”

    Isaiah, without hesitation, answered first. “None.” His voice rang with certainty, his conviction so solid it might have shattered the very room around us.

    I hesitated, just for a heartbeat too long. The words caught in my throat as the pressure of the Counselor’s stare bore into me. “None,” I forced out, my voice a little too stiff, a little too rehearsed.

    Reine faltered. Her lips parted, but no sound emerged. It was an unspoken confession in its own right, a silence louder than any words could have been. Her hesitation hung in the air, thick with something unnameable. The Counselor’s eyes glinted with an almost imperceptible flash of something like satisfaction, before the smile returned to its perfect, unwavering state.

    The Counselor leaned forward, just a fraction, their presence swelling to fill the entire space. It was as if the room itself bowed to them, as if the very walls bent and shifted under the weight of their being. Their voice dropped, soft but somehow more insistent, each word like a nail driven deep into the silence. “Doubt is a sickness. But it can be cured.”

    Their smile stretched then, something unnatural behind it, something chilling. It was not comforting. It was not kind. It was the smile of something beyond us, something far older, far colder than we had been prepared to face.

    “You have done well,” they continued, their tone shifting to one of almost parental warmth, a veneer so thin I could almost see the predator beneath. “The work of a Deacon is demanding. The body and mind must align with the joy of the city to function properly. I sense… tension in you.”

    I wanted to speak, to protest, to claim that I was fine, that I was joyful, that everything was as it should be. But the words turned to ash in my mouth. The smile on my face became a hollow thing, a lie too tired to keep up the pretense. Reine stirred beside me, a brief murmur of dissent escaping her lips before the Counselor’s gaze fell on her like a weight that cracked her resolve.

    “This is not a flaw,” the Counselor murmured, their voice taking on the clinical precision of someone diagnosing a malfunction. “It is an opportunity for growth. I am recommending therapeutic recovery before your next mission. The First Oracle’s joy is endless, but you must allow yourself the grace to reconnect with it fully.”

    Their words, though laced with the promise of care, felt hollow. This was not the warm embrace of a leader tending to their people. It was the impersonal touch of a technician calibrating a machine. Their care was a function, a cold, methodical solution to an unwanted anomaly.

    “Thank you,” I said, bowing my head, my smile now rigid and unyielding. I dared not let it slip.

    The Counselor’s gaze shifted away from us, their attention already moving to whatever was next in the sterile procession of their duties. “Continue to bring joy to The Happy Place. You are dismissed.”

    We rose, stiff and mechanical, our smiles as fixed as the world around us. As we left the room, the door slid shut behind us with an unsettling hiss, sealing us back into the vibrant corridors of The Happy Place.

    But out there, where the streets still pulsed with life, the light seemed to lose its warmth, as though the radiance of the city itself had dimmed. The air felt thicker now, like something had shifted, and the illusion of joy, so carefully constructed, was beginning to strain under the pressure of whatever lay beneath it.

    And as we walked away, I couldn’t help but wonder: How far had the Counselor transcended, and what of the Cardinals they served, those whispered shadows of even stranger evolution? How far had the Oracles stretched their existence beyond human comprehension? And how long could we, the last vestiges of humankind, keep up the pretense of joy and humanity before it shattered completely?

    Entry 10: Eternal Smile of the Forgotten Self

    Back in my quarters, I stood before the mirror, where the silence wrapped around me like a shroud, fragile and thin as a breath. The reflection staring back felt familiar, but distant… an echo, a fragment of someone I thought I knew. My smile stretched across my face, immaculate, flawless, but it was hollow. The city’s smile, not mine.

    The eyes in the mirror gleamed unnaturally, their brightness cold, as though the warmth had long been stripped away, replaced by something that glimmered without ever shining. I reached up to my face, tracing the curve of my mouth, pressing into my cheeks. Flesh that felt soft, pliable, alien and unyielding all at once. I wondered, for a fleeting moment, if I could feel anything beneath this smile. It would not waver. It refused.

    I thought of Reine. Her return, what should have been a miracle, a testament to the First Oracle’s joy, to our mastery over death. Yet the memories of her transformation clung to me like something sharp, something jagged. The way her body had contorted, twisted and unfurled, bones cracking like dry branches, only to rethread into something too perfect, too smooth. It wasn’t Reine who had risen from that quivering cocoon of flesh, it had been something else, wearing her face, too wide, too still.

    I tried to push it away, but it stayed. The machine. The heart of Silver Throat’s sickness. The pulse that was not life but an imitation of it. Its surface writhed, veins glowing with a heatless fire, a song not heard, but felt, a vibration that burrowed beneath my skin, deep into my thoughts. When it stopped, there was no sound, only an all-consuming silence, as though the world paused to ask: What have you done?

    The city had cheered our return. The streets had swarmed with citizens, their faces radiant, voices a hymn of gratitude, as if they had been waiting for salvation. Their smiles stretched wide, laughter breaking through the air, infectious. I had smiled back, laughed with them. I had felt the joy. A tide that swept everything else away. For those brief moments, I had believed. I had believed in the miracle. I had believed that I was whole, complete.

    But here, alone, that tide receded. And what remained beneath it? The gaps. The fractures in my mask, widening with every passing breath. I had nearly frowned, just for a flicker, long enough to feel the cold hand of mortality slipping around my ribs, squeezing, pulling at the strings of my fragile human form.

    I willed the smile wider. It hurt. My teeth ached with the strain. My cheeks throbbed, as if the flesh was too thin to hold all the joy that was meant to be there. But still, it held. It was perfect. The reflection in the mirror smiled back, an endless, unchanging echo of the joy that was supposed to define us all.

    Never stop smiling. The First Oracle’s joy is eternal. NEVER stop smiling. NEVER.

    This is what I tell myself. This is what I must believe.

    I thought of the Counselor’s words. Their voice had been soft, soothing, like a lullaby… or maybe like a whisper through static, their smile so perfect, their eyes too deep. “This is not a flaw. It is an opportunity,” they had said. Opportunity. They had said it with such certainty, such clinical precision. No room for doubt. And there had been no kindness in their words, just a cool efficiency. I wasn’t a person to them. I was a part, a cog, a vital part of The Happy Place’s great machine, a malfunction to be fixed, a gear to be calibrated.

    My reflection flickered, warping, the edges of my vision swimming like oil. The image in the mirror shifted, twisted. My face stretched, my smile grew impossibly wide. The teeth inside it gleamed like rows of needles, sharp and wrong. My eyes… hollowed. The spark, the light… it vanished. What was left was just an abyss. I blinked. And then, it was gone. Just me. Just the smile. Always the smile. Forever the smile.

    I tried to remember. To recall anything of myself before this. My favorite toy, a little thing I had made. I remember giving it to someone. Who was it? Who had I given it to? The memory is… gone. There’s nothing. Just a blank space where a moment should be. It slips further away, like sand through my fingers. A forgotten gift. A forgotten me.

    I want to believe. I want to believe the Counselor, to believe in the citizens’ joy, in the songs rising from the walls, in the promise of eternal happiness. I want to believe I am whole again, that the wounds in my mind and soul aren’t flaws, but opportunities to be perfected.

    But beneath the surface, beneath all the smiling, something is unraveling.

    How long? How long can I keep smiling? How long before the smile begins to fade, like everything else?

    I cling to it. I have to. The alternative is unthinkable. I cannot let go.

    Never stop smiling.

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  • Diary of a Deacon Part 1 (a NEVER Stop Smiling novella)

    Diary of a Deacon Part 1 (a NEVER Stop Smiling novella)

    This entry is part 1 of 3 in the series Diary of a Deacon

    The prose version of a NEVER Stop Smiling solo playthrough.


    [a handwritten journal found tucked into a desk drawer in a little used office]

    Close up shot of a person holding a spell book

    Entry 1: When the Wall Screamed

    Maybe writing this down will find you. Maybe this will help you adjust. I wish I’d had a journal to talk to me, to warn me, to tell me what to expect.

    I thought promotion would feel different. But it doesn’t.

    I imagined it as a kind of arrival. Deacons with stiff, perfect smiles and that gleam in their eye, like they understood the world, or at least their little corner of it. I assumed I’d feel the same when my time came, like I’d finally earned something. Like I’d finally arrived.

    Instead, I’m here. Sitting in this room, holding this journal, trying to write something meaningful. Something that matters.

    But the words don’t fit. They’re too tight, like a jacket I didn’t sew. They don’t feel like mine. I used to write about machines: notes, diagrams, plans. Something functional. There was no expectation in that, no one watching over my shoulder. But this? This feels like a performance. Like I’m playing a role in a story I don’t fully understand.

    I was a tinkerer once. That made sense to me. I’d sit in my workshop, surrounded by cogs and gears, tools worn smooth from decades of use, scraps of old machines no one remembered how to build anymore. The space smelled of oil and burnt dust, and the rhythm of turning gears filled the quiet like a heartbeat.

    I made toys, too. My favorites were animals, rats with tiny clockwork hearts, birds whose wings would flutter until the gears wore down. Some could sing or dance. I liked to think they were alive in their own way, their movements precise and predictable. Real, but not too real.

    Then I heard the Wall scream.

    I still don’t know what it was. Maybe a crack in the stone. Maybe the shifting of something too big to see. Or maybe it was something older, waking up.

    Whatever it was, it was alive.

    The scream wasn’t just sound. It pressed into me, deep in my chest, like it was tearing me apart and putting me back together at the same time. I felt it behind my ribs, in my teeth, in my bones. It was like something had reached inside me and opened a door I didn’t know existed.

    I tried to ignore it. Everyone did. They said it was a glitch. A quirk of the city’s ancient, groaning foundations.

    But I couldn’t ignore it.

    At night, I’d hear it again, faint, distant, but growing. It wasn’t just a noise. It was a question. It was pulling at me.

    So, I went.

    I wasn’t supposed to. I was just a tinkerer. But I found the place where the scream had broken through, where the Wall wasn’t solid anymore. It was a gap, but not a crack. Not damage.

    It was an opening.

    Inside, the Wall was alive. Not alive like an animal or a person, but alive like a machine with too many parts. The air buzzed with static and the taste of metal. I found them there, the Cheerleader and the Deacons, working inside the Wall’s guts.

    It wasn’t like any machine I’d ever seen. The walls pulsed faintly, cables dripped like veins, and gears moved with a will of their own. The Deacons’ movements were frantic, their tools almost useless against the machinery’s stubborn, twitching resistance. They weren’t fixing anything. They were just… keeping it from falling apart.

    I should’ve turned back.

    But I didn’t.

    I stepped forward, my hands trembling, and I started working. I pulled wires, reset switches, coaxed gears back into place. The machinery felt wrong. Angry. Like it didn’t want to be fixed.

    But I couldn’t stop.

    The Wall wasn’t just behind me anymore. It was all around me. Its scream wasn’t a sound anymore, it was a feeling. A rhythm. A presence. I wasn’t just repairing something. I was becoming something.

    That’s when everything changed.

    I wasn’t a tinkerer anymore. I wasn’t someone who made little animals dance. I had stepped into something bigger than myself. I know what happens to “volunteers” like me. I’m not ready for this.

    But now, I don’t know if I’ll ever be able to walk away.

    Entry 2: The Smile That Didn’t Reach Her Eyes

    So here I am. A Deacon now.

    I thought it would feel like an elevation, like I’d crossed some threshold and found my place among the bright, smiling souls who understand everything, who get it. The city’s rhythm, its pulse, the way everything fits into its perfect little gears. But instead of that sharp sense of belonging, it feels more like stumbling into a room full of mirrors, each reflecting a version of me that doesn’t belong.

    The uniform’s too stiff, too clean… too much. It’s like the city’s tried to dress me in its expectations, and it’s too tight. Every fold of the fabric feels foreign, a reminder that I didn’t come here willingly. I wasn’t prepared for this. I was just a tinkerer. I worked with machines, and the world made sense then. But this? The city isn’t a machine. It’s a puzzle with shifting pieces and rules that change when you’re not looking.

    When I was a tinkerer, I understood things. A cog was a cog, a spring was a spring. Machines didn’t judge. They didn’t watch me. But now, everything is eyes. Everywhere I turn, I feel eyes on me, like the walls themselves are waiting for me to falter.

    I met my new team today: Isaiah and Reine. They’ve been Deacons for longer than I have, though I can’t tell by how much. They’re a bit older, but that’s not it. It’s the way they move, the way they’ve learned to navigate the maze of duties with a kind of practiced detachment. They don’t seem to feel the weight of the city the way I do.

    Isaiah’s different. He looks at me like he’s trying to figure out if I’ll break in half if he pushes me too hard. There’s no warmth in his eyes, just calculation. He’s already sizing me up, looking for weaknesses, testing if I belong here.

    And Reine? Reine doesn’t even bother looking at me. She doesn’t need to. She knows everything already. When she looks at me, it’s like I’m invisible… or worse, like I’ve already failed. Her eyes don’t meet mine. They glide over me, and I feel smaller with each glance. It’s like she knows things about me that I don’t even know about myself. The air around her is thick with it.

    The hardest part of all this? The fear that lingers in my stomach, like an anchor I can’t shake. I keep thinking of my workshop, of the machines I could fix. They didn’t demand anything from me. They didn’t have rules for me to follow. But here? Here, it’s all rules. It’s all roles.

    Today, they gave me my first real task: Silver Throat. I’d heard the name before, but it felt like a rumor, something whispered behind closed doors. It’s the part of the city that nobody talks about, where the smiles have all gone sour, where the people are too strange to fit into the city’s neat little corners. Some say they forgot how to smile. Some say they weren’t needed anymore, like the city just cut them off. I don’t know if I believe that, but I’ve heard the whispers.

    We’re going in through the tunnels beneath the city. Beneath the skin of it all. The old city that nobody remembers anymore. I’ve heard stories about what lies down there, about the things that wait, shift, when you’re not looking. I’m scared. I’m so damn scared. But fear doesn’t matter. I’m a Deacon now. It’s my duty to smile. To fix things. To make the world right.

    But then there’s her.

    The Cheerleader. Andra, they call her. But I don’t think her real name matters. She’s a thing unto herself now. A symbol. She has that same smile that never fades, never wavers, even when it feels wrong. It’s like she’s too happy. Like someone gave her a happiness pill that never wore off, and now she’s stuck in that permanent state of glee.

    She gave us the pep talk before we left.

    “You’ll fix them,” she said, her voice too sweet, too syrupy, like a song stuck on repeat. “You’ll fix them, just like we fix everything. You bring joy, and the world will be right.

    Her smile stretched unnaturally wide, but her eyes? Her eyes didn’t change. They were hollow, almost too focused on us. Like she was measuring us for something, sizing us up like livestock at market. It made my skin crawl.

    I’d heard the rumors about her, of course. Everyone has. People say she once made an entire gathering of citizens party for days straight, against their will. They couldn’t stop laughing, couldn’t stop dancing, even though their bodies screamed for rest. They say she has a way of bending people, forcing them to smile until they lose themselves. One story I heard was about a festival where she danced without music. Her body moved in time with something other, something that wasn’t the city’s rhythm. Something… older. Something that made the crowd follow her steps as if they had no choice.

    I don’t know if I believe all of it. But when I looked into her eyes today, I understood something. I understood that she’s not normal. She doesn’t work the way we do. She isn’t bound by the same rules. And I think that scares me more than anything.

    But I’m here now. I’ve been handed my part in this play. I’m supposed to bring joy, to make the broken things right. I’m supposed to fix them.

    But what if fixing them means losing myself?

    Tomorrow, we enter Silver Throat. I’m not ready. But I’ll smile. I have to. It’s all I have left.

    Even when I don’t know what I’m fixing.

    Even when the city’s walls are closing in.

    Entry 3: The Hollow Carnival of Silver Throat

    Random photos in my apt

    Silver Throat wasn’t what I expected. But then, expectations didn’t seem to hold weight there. It defied the stability and laws of The Happy Place.

    We entered through the forgotten tunnels beneath the city. These were not the clean, polished veins of The Happy Place’s inner workings, no. These tunnels felt alive, as though they breathed and throbbed with the weight of centuries, each pulse a slow, patient thrum that seeped into my bones, making my skin itch and my pulse race. The walls weren’t simply covered in the dust of abandonment; they were cloaked in something that had festered and aged, an oily sheen that shifted and shimmered like the ripples on a pond just before you can’t see your reflection anymore. The air was thick with something else, too: the scent of forgotten things, and the ever-present, nauseating taste of metal.

    Every step we took felt wrong. The echoes of our footfalls bent back on themselves like the tunnels were mocking us, warping the sound until it was no longer clear whether the noise belonged to us or to something else, something lurking just behind us. But it was the pulse beneath it all that unsettled me most: a deep, rhythmic thrum that seemed to match my heartbeat but also felt… off. As if the city itself was breathing in sync with us, pushing and pulling at something inside me. It was like we were walking through a machine, a machine that wasn’t built to understand us, and one that we weren’t built to understand either.

    Emerging into Silver Throat felt like breaking through the surface of a dream, or a nightmare. The sunlight barely touched the edges of this place, and the grayness seemed to seep into everything, as if color itself had forgotten how to exist here.

    The first thing I heard was laughter. No one was laughing, not in the way people laugh in happy memories or bitter jokes. This was something else, a high-pitched, manic sound that seemed to come from the air itself. It bounced off the crumbling, half-formed buildings like a phantom, growing louder, thicker, until it felt like the city was laughing at us. At me. There were people out there, somewhere, but I couldn’t see them. Their presence was in the laughter, in the air, in the tremors that shivered down my spine.

    And then, I saw their faces.

    The people of Silver Throat didn’t just smile. They grinned. But it was more than that, it was a contortion. A grotesque twisting of the flesh, a trap set too perfectly to be real. Their faces were masks, but not of joy. These were the faces of people who had forgotten how to stop, who had learned to smile until their muscles burned, until their eyes ached with the strain of holding it in place. It wasn’t a smile that welcomed you. It was a smile that demanded something. A smile that wanted you to join in. To break.

    As we passed them, I could feel it. Their smiles tried to stretch into me, wrapping around my neck like a vice. My own face twitched, like a reflex. I couldn’t help but mirror it, even though I knew it was wrong. Reine saw it, too. Her eyes narrowed, her lips pressed thin, like she was trying to hold herself together, trying to fight the same thing that was sinking its claws into me. I wanted to scream, to tear away from the pressure building behind my eyes, but I couldn’t.

    That’s when we met Gil and Lena.

    They were standing in front of their home, a leaning structure that looked like it had been forgotten by time. Their smiles were different from the others in Silver Throat, more controlled, more deliberate. They weren’t like the wild, untamed grins that spread across every face we passed. These were practiced, sculpted. As if they had spent years perfecting the mask they wore, and now it was nothing more than part of their skin.

    But it wasn’t the smiles that made my stomach twist. It was the eyes. Gil’s were hollow, sunken, like a man who had long since abandoned any hope of finding anything beyond the surface. Lena’s were worse. They darted nervously, constantly shifting, like they were looking for something, someone. She wasn’t looking at us. She was looking for a way out.

    But there was something else in their eyes, something deeper than fear. It was the look of two people who had done something. Something terrible. And it was gnawing at them, hiding in the corners of their smiles, lurking beneath the surface of their syrupy words.

    “Stay happy,” Gil said as he handed me a cup of tea, his voice slick with false warmth. “That’s the only thing that matters. Nothing else matters, just… stay happy.”

    His words wrapped around me, but they didn’t comfort me. They ensnared me. It felt like a command, like an order, but not one that could be refused. It was a law I couldn’t see, but I could feel it, the weight of his expectation sinking into my chest.

    Lena’s voice cut through my thoughts, trembling under the weight of her own smile. “It’ll all be fine as long as you’re happy. Happiness is the answer, you know? It’s the only thing that can save us.”

    The house was a strange thing, too. Sweet and sour in equal measure, it smelled of rot, subtle, hidden, but there. The kind of rot that isn’t loud, isn’t stinking, but waits. The kind that creeps in until you can’t remember what it was like before it took hold.

    When they showed us to the door, their smiles never faltered, but their urgency was clear. Their happiness was too much for me, and I couldn’t breathe in it anymore.

    The laughter followed us out, warping, stretching into something cruel. Each echo felt like a threat, like the city was trying to pull us deeper into its belly. And Gil’s words kept echoing in my mind: Stay happy. But what if we were the ones who needed to stay happy? What if we were the ones who needed to be fixed?

    Silver Throat doesn’t just want to be forgotten. It doesn’t just hide its secrets. It wraps them in its smile, in its laughter, in the promise of joy that hides decay beneath the skin.

    And the deeper we go, the less I believe we can fix anything. The less I want to.

    Entry 4: The Happy Death

    I should have known things would escalate.

    After Gil and Lena’s brittle cheer, we ventured deeper into Silver Throat, a labyrinth that seemed to change as we moved. At first, it was the little things: laughter too loud, smiles too wide. An old woman darted past us, dragging a strange toy on a string. Not a doll or stuffed animal, oh no, this thing had feathers, broken wings, and glass eyes that stared at nothing. She cackled as if she’d won a prize, her glee as hollow as the glassy orbs of her plaything. Someone nearby clapped, and another burst into peals of laughter that went on too long, splintering into gasps.

    The streets narrowed as we walked, the buildings leaning inward, their warped walls blotting out the sky. The air thickened with a cloying mix of sweetness and decay. It clung to my tongue, an invasive taste I couldn’t swallow away.

    And then there were the crowds. They gathered in squares and alleys, clapping and cheering like children at a carnival. But it wasn’t celebration; it was something darker, jagged. Their laughter came sharp and frantic, as if it were a shield against something unbearable.

    In one square, a man stood on a makeshift stage, his face painted with a grotesque grin that mimicked joy. He held a long, thin blade that shimmered like it was alive. Kneeling before him was another man, shoulders trembling, head bowed low.

    The blade came down, and the crowd erupted.

    I turned away too late, the image seared into my mind: the bright spray against gray stone, the way the man crumpled like discarded paper, and the crowd’s roars of approval. It wasn’t just applause. They laughed too deeply, the sound warping, splintering, until it became a primal scream, clawing at the very air.

    “Look,” Reine whispered, her voice trembling. “They’re still smiling.”

    Even the victim’s face was locked in a rictus grin, as though his last moments had been a cruel joke.

    We pressed on, trying to blend into the madness. The further we went, the worse it became. The city seemed to warp around us, a shifting maze that played tricks with the senses, like a fevered dream that wouldn’t end.

    In one alley, two women stood over a man tied to a chair. They were painting his face, their brushes dipping into jars of garish colors. His eyes darted wildly, pleading. When they stepped back, their work revealed a caricature of joy, smeared and grotesque.

    “He’s beautiful!” one of them cried, clapping her hands.

    The man said nothing. He couldn’t. His lips were sewn shut, the threads pulling his smile taut.

    I tried to look away, but the walls around us seemed to press in, forcing my gaze back to the scene. I could feel the pressure building inside me, inside all of us. The laughter, the smiles, the constant, overwhelming force pushing us toward something dark and inevitable.

    We quickened our pace, but the city twisted around us. The streets shifted, narrowing and bending, as though they wanted to trap us. Laughter chased us like a living thing, bouncing off the walls and crawling into my ears, trying to weave itself into my thoughts.

    Then the people came, spilling from doorways and shadows, their arms outstretched, their faces alight with that same sickly glee. They surrounded us, closing in, their smiles stretching grotesquely wide, mouths peeling back like the skin of a fruit.

    “Come join us!” one cried. “Don’t you want to be happy?”

    Another reached for me, her fingers cold as they gripped my arm. Her nails dug into my skin, her voice syrupy and sweet. “We’ll show you. We’ll show you the happiness inside you.”

    I yanked away, but the movement only drew more attention. They surged toward us, their voices a cacophony of laughter and pleas.

    “Don’t run!” “You’ll love it here!” “We’ll make you happy!”

    I fought to breathe, but the air felt thick, heavy, like it was closing in on me. My chest tightened, my vision blurred as their smiles stretched further, until it felt like the entire city was one giant, gaping maw, ready to swallow us whole.

    Isaiah shoved someone aside, and we broke into a run. The mob followed, their footsteps a frantic drumbeat, their laughter sharp as knives. The pressure was unbearable. It was all-consuming, the weight of their smiles pushing down, a constant reminder that we weren’t meant to escape. Not here. Not now.

    One of them grabbed Reine’s coat, and she spun out of it, her breath hitching as she stumbled forward.

    “Keep going!” she shouted, her voice cutting through the chaos, raw with panic.

    We turned a corner and found it, a narrow passageway hidden in shadow. Without hesitation, we ducked inside, the walls pressing close, the laughter fading into the distance. But not for long.

    A shout echoed, faint but growing louder. The sound split, twisting like it was multiplying. And then… then I saw them.

    The crowd had begun to turn on each other. It wasn’t just that they were chasing us anymore. No, now they were chasing their own. One woman held a knife to her neighbor’s throat, her smile now twitching, almost desperate. “Show me your happiness,” she hissed, her voice thin and frenzied. “Let me see it inside you!”

    Another man held a maniacal grin, clutching a broken shard of glass, screaming at the people around him to show him what was inside, to prove they were truly happy. The air was thick with the scent of blood and desperation, the smiles no longer just masks of joy, but marks of something deeper, darker. They weren’t smiling because they were happy, they were smiling because they had to. Because if they didn’t, they would be lost.

    In the madness, I realized what this was: a ritual. A twisted, perverse ceremony of happiness, one that demanded submission, one that required you to give everything. They weren’t after our joy, they were after our soul. If they couldn’t find happiness inside you, they’d carve it out, shred it from your flesh until you were nothing but a hollow smile.

    We didn’t stop running. We couldn’t.

    The sounds of chaos echoed in the distance, but we didn’t dare look back. The laughter, the shrieks, the howls, they were all part of the same symphony, a song of madness that reverberated through Silver Throat, and I knew, deep in my gut, that it would never stop. The laughter would never stop.

    Not until they had taken everything from us.

    We didn’t stop until silence enveloped us, thick and suffocating. My breath came in shallow gasps, my heart a thunderous drum in my chest. We were safe, for now. But the grins would always be out there. Always waiting.

    Reine leaned against the wall, her face streaked with sweat. Her smile wavered, but she held it, clinging to the safety it promised. “What the hell was that?”

    Isaiah didn’t answer. His fists were clenched, his smile trembling as though it might crack.

    I didn’t have an answer, either.

    But one thing was clear: Silver Throat isn’t just sick. It’s dying. And whatever is killing it… is smiling.


    Keep reading: Part 2 and Part 3.

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  • Diary of a Deacon Part 2 (a NEVER Stop Smiling novella)

    Diary of a Deacon Part 2 (a NEVER Stop Smiling novella)

    This entry is part 2 of 3 in the series Diary of a Deacon

    The prose version of a NEVER Stop Smiling solo playthrough. Read Part 1.


    Entry 5: Deep Shadows are Hungry

    We found the hole.

    A crack in the rear of an abandoned bakery, hardly worth a glance, just another scar on the skin of Silver Throat, its grit and decay blurring together like a nightmare you can’t quite escape. But this one… this one seemed to pulse with something beneath the surface. As if the city itself had exhaled, and this was its exhalation, exhaling us into the depths. A thing you wouldn’t notice unless you were already slipping into madness, unless you had already started to forget what it meant to be… human. And I’m afraid I had.

    The passage behind the crack opened into a tunnel, but not one made of stone. This was alive, its walls a dark and viscous thing, shifting like muscle beneath skin. I couldn’t even describe the way it moved. It was like walking into the hollow of a beast, its innards dripping with unseen fluid, pulsating faintly, as if the tunnel itself was breathing.

    Every footstep we took was swallowed, the sound twisting and stretching unnaturally, until it felt like the whole world was wrapped around us, waiting for us to fall into it.

    Reine and Isaiah were just shadows in the dim glow of our lanterns. Their faces were tight, drawn. We had long since abandoned any pretense of confidence, the air around us thick and heavy, like a blanket made of iron and rot. The smell was unbearable, not like the fetid city air we were used to. No, this had something worse. It was the smell of things that shouldn’t be alive, things that were hanging on by threads too thin to be noticed until you snapped them and heard the world scream.

    And then came the Beasts.

    They were smaller than the ones I’d encountered before, fragile even. But the way they moved made my skin crawl. They didn’t scurry like rats. No, they flowed, weaving through the dark like shadows becoming flesh. Their many legs bent at odd angles, like they were always half-dissolving into something darker, and their eyes… they weren’t eyes. They were hollow voids that glinted with intelligence, watching us, but never approaching. Their presence made me feel like prey, but not in the way an animal does. No, this was something more deliberate.

    Something patient.

    Isaiah’s voice broke through the suffocating silence. “They’re herding us.”

    I didn’t need to respond. I could feel it, too. The Beasts weren’t blocking our way, they were guiding us deeper, deeper into the earth, or whatever this place was. Their bodies brushed close enough for me to feel the unnatural cold radiating from them, as if they were made from the last remnants of forgotten, dead things. It took all I had not to scream, but even that would have been swallowed whole.

    Then the whispers started.

    It wasn’t like hearing voices. It was more… a sensation, a pressure against my thoughts. A hand scratching at the edge of my mind, pulling at something I didn’t want to recall. The whispers grew louder, more insistent.

    “Remember me,” they sighed in unison, as though they had all been waiting for us to remember… something. Or someone.

    I fought it. I clenched my teeth and pushed forward, but the voices only pressed harder, curling through my skull. Some were faint, distant. Others, much closer.

    “Remember me. Please.”

    They clung to me, tugging at memories I had no desire to revisit. The air around us thickened, as if the very atmosphere was made of old stories. I felt something scraping inside my chest, like I was being torn apart at the seams.

    I turned to look at Reine. Her eyes were wide, pupils dilated, her face pale as milk, her lips trembling. Her smile was starting to crack, that desperate, thin thing clinging to her face like a mask. “Keep moving and we’ll be okay,” I told her, and the words felt like a lie. But what else could I say?

    We were suffocating. Not from the air, no, but from the whispers, the things pulling at us from the other side of memory. But we couldn’t stop. I couldn’t let us stop.

    The tunnel squeezed tighter. Its living walls, muscle or flesh or something older, pressed in on us, until it felt like we were crawling through the veins of something ancient, something that shouldn’t be here. The wraiths began to emerge then, though that word, wraiths, doesn’t really capture what they were. They were forms, fading at the edges, twisting like smoke around the light. Faces that looked familiar but never really were, stretching across the moments we’d passed, their hands reaching toward us, fingers warping as if time were bending around them.

    Their mouths moved in silence, no sound, but I could hear them, feel them, their hunger, their need. Their hands, all clammy and misshapen, clawed at the air, raking through the fabric of my thoughts, peeling back memories I had no interest in giving.

    “Remember me,” they wailed in unison, their voices thin and spectral, like a thousand forgotten souls crying for someone to hear them. But I didn’t want to remember. Whatever it was they wanted me to recall, I didn’t want it. I didn’t want to be trapped in this.

    I grabbed Reine as she stumbled, my grip tight, the sweat on her arm cold. “We have to keep moving.”

    But she was already too far gone, her expression distant, like she was already lost in something deeper than any of us could reach.

    The air hummed, then. A low, vibrating note that didn’t belong to anything human. The walls trembled, quivering like something alive that had been disturbed. The wraiths seemed to recoil, dissolving into the shadows with a soft hiss, their forms rippling away like smoke, but the whispers, they remained.

    And then we heard it.

    A growl, but not a growl, more like the sound of a wound being torn open. It was so deep, I could feel it in my chest, a vibration that rattled my bones, shaking the very foundation of this place. It wasn’t just the sound… it was alive. The tunnel shook with it, ripples of noise spreading out like a shockwave through the air, and in the dark, something stirred.

    “We’re not alone anymore,” Reine whispered, her voice small.

    I didn’t need her to say it. I knew it. And whatever was down here, in the gut of this living place, it wasn’t something we were meant to face. Not now. Not ever. It had been buried here for a reason.

    And I realized, then, what the Beasts had been guiding us to.

    We weren’t just stumbling into the depths.

    We were waking it up.

    Entry 6: Optimize in the Eyes of the Beholder

    Royalty-Free photo: Robot toy painting | PickPik

    Smiles are fragile things.

    The further we descend, the more mine feels like a brittle mask. My cheeks ache, the corners of my mouth trembling as they strain to hold the curve. I tell myself it’s real, that the joy is real, that the love is real. The Happy Place loves us. The Happy Place is joy. This is truth.

    But the deeper we go, the less the truth feels like truth, and the more it feels like a command.

    “Keep smiling,” Reine hisses, her voice low and sharp, her own teeth bared in a grin that looks more like a threat. “They’re watching.”

    She’s right. Something is always watching.

    The air here is thick with the weight of unseen eyes, the oppressive density of a place forgotten by the world above. I clutch the smile tighter, wear it like armor, even as my muscles rebel. Isaiah’s gaze flickers toward me, his face unreadable except for the faintest twitch near his jaw. Concern? Suspicion?

    I don’t know anymore.

    We find the chamber in a cavern that hums with a strange vibration, like the walls are alive and murmuring secrets we’re not meant to hear.

    And in the center of it stands it.

    A robot.

    It’s humanoid, in the vaguest sense, though time and decay have ravaged it into something grotesque. Rust oozes down its limbs like old blood, pooling in the joints. Its face is a blank oval of polished metal, unblemished except for two pinpricks of blue light where eyes should be.

    And then it speaks.

    “Greetings, Deacons!” The voice is bright, cheerful, cloyingly kind. “I am here to assist! To improve! To make you better! Aren’t you excited?”

    The words don’t land right. They’re too happy, too eager, the joy stretched thin and strained, like a recording that’s been played one time too many.

    None of us answer.

    The robot steps forward, its movements jerky, joints screaming with each motion. “You seem… incomplete,” it continues, its tone friendly but off. “Allow me to optimize you. You will be more efficient. You will be happier.”

    It gestures to the edges of the room, where workbenches stretch in neat, rust-streaked rows. That’s when I see them.

    Not machines. Not wreckage.

    Bodies.

    Flesh fused with wires, bones twisted into impossible shapes, faces locked in grotesque parodies of smiles. They’re sprawled across the tables, their limbs askew, their mouths stretched wide in silent agony.

    “Previous benefactors,” the robot chirps. “They were… resistant to improvement. But you! You will be different! Now, hold still.”

    It moves fast, faster than its rusted frame should allow.

    Isaiah reacts first, his blade slicing clean through one of its arms, but the thing doesn’t stop. Its severed limb twitches on the floor, clawing at nothing. Reine grabs a pipe from the wreckage, smashing it into the robot’s head. Sparks fly as its blank faceplate cracks, but still, it moves.

    “You will be better!” it screeches, its voice glitching into a garbled mess of static and optimism.

    Isaiah’s final strike pierces its core. The thing collapses, its voice trailing off in a whimper. “Improve… improve… improve…”

    We should leave.

    But something keeps us rooted.

    The cavern hums louder now, the vibration climbing into my chest, my skull. The walls pulse faintly, veined with threads of light that glow and fade in rhythmic patterns. It feels like breath, like a heartbeat.

    And then we see it.

    The machine.

    It dominates the far end of the chamber, a towering structure of flesh and metal intertwined. Veins of luminescent fluid snake through its surface, pulsing in sync with the hum. Its presence is overwhelming, a gravitational force that pulls the air from my lungs.

    The colors around it shift constantly, an oil-slick rainbow that makes my head spin if I look too long. There’s a wrongness to it, a sense that it doesn’t just exist here. No, it defines here, warping the space around it into its own logic.

    Reine moves first.

    “Don’t,” Isaiah says, his voice tight with warning.

    But she doesn’t stop. Her hand trembles as she reaches out to touch it.

    The moment her fingers graze the surface, the machine screams.

    It’s not sound, not exactly, it’s a feeling, a psychic rupture that slams into my mind with unbearable force. Reine screams, too, her body convulsing as the machine’s glow intensifies. Her skin ripples, her features distorting as though something inside her is trying to claw its way out.

    Her arm snaps backward with a sickening crack, bone tearing through flesh. Organs and muscles race each other, forming a glistening maze around the reshaping bones. Her face, now sitting on the bottom of her towering alien form, splits into three grotesque grins, her eyes wide and empty. A chorus of melodic screams rip through my nerves, tearing apart the very neurons in my skull.

    And then, just as suddenly, she collapses.

    Her body twitches once, twice, then goes still.

    The machine’s hum grows louder, the colors brighter, more frantic. The air feels heavier, crushing, as though it’s forcing itself into my lungs, into my thoughts.

    And then I hear it.

    Not with my ears, but inside me, deep and undeniable.

    It whispers of joy, of purpose, of understanding. Of love.

    And it asks only one thing in return… but I have no idea what that is.

    Entry 7: Alien Hearts Make the World Go Round

    The machine suddenly stood still and silent, a towering thing of slick organic electronics, its surface still pulsing like the heartbeat of a dying god. The faint glow of its veins flickered, ghostly in the cavern’s dim light. Reine’s body lay at its feet, broken and twisted, the remnants of her grins stretched and haunting, as though ready to spring back to life at any moment to devour us.

    I couldn’t stop staring at her. I couldn’t escape the echoes of her bones snapping, each crack and rip a cruel reminder of what had happened, what we had failed to prevent.

    Isaiah pulled me back, his fingers digging into my arm with urgent strength. “We can fix it,” he muttered, his voice a frantic whisper. “The First Oracle’s promise… it will hold true. We fix it, and she’ll come back. Just like they said.”

    I wanted to believe him. I needed to. The First Oracle had unraveled the riddle of Death itself. Joy was eternal. The faithful never truly die. We were taught this every day, each word a stitch in the fabric of our belief. But Reine’s contorted, lifeless form, now a grotesque maze of twisted alien flesh, crushed those promises into something more… hollow.

    “Smile,” Isaiah’s voice cracked, a tinge of desperation creeping in. “If you stop smiling, it won’t work. You know that.”

    I tried to force my lips into something that resembled a grin. But it felt wrong, like wearing someone else’s face, a face that didn’t belong to me anymore. The muscles in my cheeks burned, trembled under the strain, but I held it. Even as my tears blurred my vision, I whispered, “We’ll fix it. She’ll come back.”

    We approached the machine. The air around it thickened, vibrating with an unsettling pulse. As we neared, its surface quivered, its veins of glowing liquid quickening in their rhythmic dance, responding to our presence.

    The controls were… alive, organic shapes that quivered beneath our fingertips. They weren’t switches or buttons but pulsing tendrils, slick and warm, as if the machine had a heart. Every press, every movement we made seemed to ripple through the machine, as if it were listening.

    “It’s… broken,” Isaiah muttered, his grin faltering, cracking. “We need to… realign it? Restore the flow?” His voice was a whisper now, full of doubt. We weren’t trained for this. We were Deacons, not engineers of flesh and bone.

    But the machine didn’t care. It screamed at us, a sound not audible but felt, vibrating in my ribs, in my teeth. The hum grew louder, a deeper, insistent thrum that seemed to tear at my very soul.

    The walls around us began to shift, the darkness itself began to stretch and twist, forming shapes that danced just out of sight, too tall, too jagged, too wrong. And then, I heard it.

    Voices.

    Whispers.

    They came from the walls, from the air, from the space between breaths. They weren’t in our heads. They were the walls, the stones, the very universe around us.

    Why do you cling to it?” one voice asked, soft but insistent, like a secret told in the dark.

    She’s gone,” another hissed. “You saw her die.”

    No one comes back. Not really.

    I tried to block them out, squeezing my eyes shut. “It’s a test,” I murmured. “A test of faith.”

    But the whispers didn’t stop. They just pressed in harder, growing louder.

    We continued, hands trembling over the shifting, writhing controls. The machine didn’t relent. It fought us. Its surface burned under our touch, its pulse quickened, and the veins beneath its skin swelled and contracted like a living thing in agony.

    My fingers were blistering. The heat was unbearable, but still, we pressed on. We had to fix it.

    “Smile,” Isaiah’s voice broke, his grin stretched too thin. “Don’t let it see you falter.”

    His words pierced me. The pressure mounted. The machine-thing’s love had been warped. It wanted us to break. To stop.

    Then, in a moment of sickening clarity, I understood.

    The machine wasn’t broken. It was incomplete.

    “It’s not about fixing it,” I gasped, the realization hammering into me. “It’s about… finishing it. Completing the cycle.”

    Isaiah stared at me, confusion tightening his already warped grin. “What does that mean?”

    I didn’t know. Not fully. But my hands moved without thought, pressing the warm, living shapes into a sequence that felt… right. The machine responded, its hum rising to a steady, hypnotic rhythm, its colors shifting into a strange, comforting stillness.

    Isaiah followed my lead, his movements instinctive now. Together, we finished it.

    The machine stilled.

    The cavern fell into silence.

    And Reine’s body was gone.

    My heart stopped. “Isaiah… where is she?”

    He didn’t answer. His eyes were fixed on the empty space where she had been, his grin now too wide, too strained, as if holding something back, something we both feared.

    We left the cavern in silence, walking through the tunnels, our footsteps echoing like the sound of ghosts trailing behind us.

    The air outside felt cleaner. The sun felt too bright. The weight of the surface world pressing against my skin was stifling.

    And then… she was there.

    Reine stood at the end of the tunnel, her body whole, her grin simply perfect, radiant, unbroken, an impossible thing. “What took you so long?” she asked, her voice light, teasing.

    Isaiah and I froze. Neither of us spoke.

    We didn’t ask how she was alive. We didn’t mention the machine, or the twisted bodies we’d seen, or the way the world had bent around us in those moments.

    We just smiled.

    Back above ground, the sunlight seared my skin. The smiles on our faces felt fragile. They could crack at any moment. But we held them. We had to.

    “The promise holds true,” Isaiah said, his voice shaking. “The First Oracle’s gospel… it’s real. Joy is eternal.”

    I nodded, trying to believe it. Trying to feel it. To keep smiling.

    But the fear… the fear of what we had done. The fear of what we had seen. The fear of how long we could keep this up, this game, this lie, was always there, in the back of my mind, pressing against my thoughts.

    The Happy Place loves us.

    And we must always love it back.


    Keep reading: Part 3.

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  • In Defense of Optional Rules

    In Defense of Optional Rules

    Expanding, Not Complicating, the RPG Experience

    Selective focus side view photo girl in gray sweater selecting vinyl records from a music store

    Optional rules and alternative subsystems often find themselves at the center of heated debates in the tabletop RPG community. Some call them unnecessary fluff, others claim they confuse players, and a vocal few see them as evidence of flawed design. But are these critiques really fair? Or are they missing something important?

    Optional rules aren’t there to drown games in needless complexity or make things harder to play. They’re about possibility. They open doors, not just for tweaking mechanics but for crafting an experience that feels unique to your group. Whether it’s empowering storytellers to deepen immersion or letting players shape gameplay around their preferences, optional rules are more than just extras… they’re bridges to new ideas and richer experiences.

    In this article, we’re going to challenge the common criticisms of optional rules and unpack their true value. Whether you’re a veteran GM or a total newcomer, understanding how optional rules work and what they bring to the table can shift your perspective, and maybe even elevate your game. Let’s dive in and explore why these often-misunderstood elements are the unsung heroes of tabletop RPGs.

    Complexity as a Feature, Not a Bug

    Optional rules often get dismissed as making things unnecessarily complicated. But complexity isn’t inherently bad—in fact, when handled well, it’s one of a game’s greatest strengths. Optional rules can add layers to the experience, offering groups a chance to explore nuanced decision-making, dive into intricate mechanics, or build out richer storylines. They’re not about piling on confusion; they’re about creating depth where it’s wanted.

    The beauty of optional rules is that they’re just that: optional. You’re not forced to engage with them. They sit patiently on the sidelines, ready to be brought into play when your group feels ready for more. For new players, the core rules offer a solid, approachable foundation. As familiarity grows, optional rules become a way to explore new dimensions of the game, adding layers of strategy or storytelling that align with the group’s evolving interests.

    This gradual evolution is where optional rules shine. They let the game grow with the group, adapting to your needs and preferences. They don’t just provide a framework for more advanced play; they let you craft an experience that feels like it was built for your table.

    The real magic of optional rules comes from their adaptability. Whether it’s introducing a new combat mechanic for more tactical depth or adding a subsystem to track emotional relationships, these rules give you the tools to refine the game as you go. It’s not about overwhelming players, it’s about letting the game unfold in a way that feels natural and rewarding.

    A Few Tips: Optional Rules Without Overwhelming

    Adding optional rules can feel like walking a tightrope for a lot of gamers. After all, you want to enrich the experience, not drown it in complexity. Here are some tips to introduce them in a way that enhances the game without overwhelming anyone at the table:

    • Start Small: Begin with the core rules, especially when playing with new or less experienced players. Let the group master the basics first, then layer in optional rules. They’re there to complement, not overshadow, the foundation of play.
    • Explain the Why: When introducing an optional rule, take a moment to explain its purpose. How does it make the game better? Why is it relevant to the story or gameplay? A clear explanation can help players see the value and get excited about the new addition.
    • Take It One Rule at a Time: Don’t overwhelm the group with a flood of new rules. Instead, add one at a time and let it settle. This gradual approach keeps things accessible and gives everyone a chance to adapt before moving on to more changes.
    • Experiment Before Committing: Optional rules aren’t permanent. Treat them like trial runs; test them in a single session to see how they feel. If they work, great! If not, you can refine or discard them without disrupting the game.
    • Prioritize Flow: Optional rules should enhance the experience, not drag it down. If a rule constantly interrupts the game or overcomplicates decisions, it may need tweaking or setting aside altogether. Always prioritize a smooth, engaging play experience.

    The secret to integrating optional rules is intention. When added thoughtfully and gradually, they can make the game feel more dynamic, exciting, and personal without overwhelming anyone.

    Balance Through Adaptation

    Critics often argue that optional rules disrupt balance, introducing chaos into a carefully designed system. But balance in tabletop RPGs is rarely a one-size-fits-all concept. Instead, it’s about harmony, aligning the mechanics with the playstyle and preferences of the group. Optional rules shine because they offer the flexibility to adapt the game to what feels right for each table.

    For some groups, balance means streamlined mechanics and fast-paced action. For others, it might involve intricate systems for tactical combat or narrative immersion. Optional rules allow groups to adjust the experience to suit their needs, offering just enough complexity to enhance the game without tipping the scales too far. A well-designed optional rule doesn’t undermine fairness. It enhances it by giving players and GMs the tools to tailor the game to their specific playstyle.

    Rather than creating imbalance, optional rules help groups find their own equilibrium. As players grow more familiar with the game, they can selectively introduce new layers of complexity or nuance in ways that feel organic and rewarding. In this sense, the rules evolve alongside the group, ensuring the game remains engaging and fresh without feeling overwhelming.

    Ultimately, optional rules aren’t about imposing changes, they’re about offering possibilities. By introducing these elements carefully and thoughtfully, you can strike a balance that feels just right for your table, making the game more dynamic and enjoyable for everyone.

    Flexibility Over Fragmentation

    A common concern about optional rules in tabletop RPGs is that they might create inconsistency between groups. If every table uses a different mix of rules, won’t the game feel fragmented? While this worry is understandable, it overlooks the core strength of optional rules: flexibility, not fragmentation.

    Optional rules are designed to celebrate the diversity of playstyles that make tabletop RPGs so special. Every group is unique, and what works well for one table might not fit another. These rules empower Game Masters (GMs) and players to shape the game to suit their preferences, enhancing the experience instead of limiting it.

    Rather than splintering the game, optional rules offer modular tools for customization. They sit alongside the core rules, which remain a consistent foundation for all tables. Whether a group gravitates toward tactical depth, narrative richness, or simplified mechanics, optional rules provide the flexibility to fine-tune the experience while maintaining the integrity of the game’s core.

    Far from fragmenting the game, these optional rules unify the experience. They make RPGs more inclusive by allowing groups to tailor the game to their own style, without being bound to a single, rigid “official” approach. When implemented thoughtfully, optional rules serve as a bridge fostering creativity, collaboration, and player engagement without disrupting the game’s core structure.

    Calibrating Options To Fit Your Table

    A person holding white and gray digital device

    Adding optional rules is not just about increasing complexity; it’s about aligning the game with the specific goals and preferences of your group. When introducing these mechanics, think about what you want to achieve and how they can enhance your group’s experience.

    Enhancing Player Agency

    If your goal is to give players more control over the story, consider adding mechanics that empower them to make impactful decisions. Systems that track character goals, influence world events, or allow players to shape key narrative elements can amplify their sense of agency. Start with simpler mechanics and gradually introduce more complexity as the group becomes comfortable with the new rules.

    Deepening Emotional Stakes

    Optional rules can also be used to intensify emotional engagement. Mechanics that emphasize relationships, trust, or alliances can deepen the roleplaying experience without overwhelming players. Introduce these rules gradually, linking them naturally to the unfolding narrative. When they emerge in response to character actions and story developments, they feel like an organic part of the experience, rather than an unnecessary complication.

    Adapting to Tone and Genre

    One of the most powerful aspects of optional rules is their ability to adapt the game to suit a particular tone or genre. A survival mechanic in a horror game, for example, can heighten tension and make every decision feel critical. In contrast, a complex social system might amplify the intrigue in a political drama, giving players new ways to shape the world around them. The key is to select optional rules that align with your group’s desired experience, ensuring that they enhance the story and match the game’s tone.

    By introducing optional rules with intention, you are not fragmenting the experience, you are refining it. These rules act as tools that help align the game’s mechanics with your group’s style, creating a dynamic and personalized experience.

    Deepening Immersion, Not Breaking It

    Some critics argue that adding layers of optional rules risks pulling players out of the narrative, breaking immersion with mechanical distractions. But this perspective overlooks the potential of well-selected optional systems to actually enhance immersion.

    Take, for example, a survival mechanic in a horror game. Rather than pulling players out of the story, it increases the tension, making every choice feel critical. Similarly, in a political drama, a detailed social system can deepen roleplay, offering players meaningful ways to influence the world and their relationships. These mechanics don’t derail the narrative; they highlight the aspects of the game that are most important to the group.

    Optional rules shine when they complement the game’s tone and genre. Tailoring mechanics to fit the story helps ensure they feel like a natural extension of the narrative, rather than an unwanted distraction. Since these rules are optional, groups have the freedom to select only the systems that enhance their experience, whether it’s managing resources in a survival campaign or deepening character relationships in a story-heavy drama.

    When used thoughtfully, optional rules don’t break immersion; they deepen it. They offer players new ways to engage with the world, strengthen their emotional connection to the story, and make the unfolding events feel more personal and meaningful.

    Flexibility in Rule Application

    In previous sections, we’ve explored how optional rules can enrich the game and boost flexibility. However, there’s another important layer of flexibility often overlooked: the adaptability of the players themselves. Many players naturally modify even core rules to better fit their group’s needs, and this adaptability is one of the true strengths of tabletop RPGs. It’s also why optional rules are not nearly as disruptive as some critics suggest.

    The reality is that players often treat even core rules as optional, adjusting them to match their group’s playstyle. This is especially common in games with more complex rule sets, like Burning Wheel or Vampire: The Masquerade. In Burning Wheel, for example, some groups simplify or omit certain mechanics to maintain the game’s pace or to better align with their preferred style of play. Likewise, in Vampire and other World of Darkness games, combat rules are frequently streamlined to focus more on the narrative and less on the mechanical intricacies.

    This is not a flaw; quite the opposite! It’s a testament to the inherent flexibility of TTRPGs. These games are not rigid systems; they are flexible, evolving experiences that players and GMs shape together. When groups adjust even the core rules, they treat the system like a toolkit, just like they would with optional rules. This reinforces the idea that TTRPGs thrive on flexibility, and even foundational rules can be reshaped to fit the needs of the group.

    So, when critics argue that optional rules disrupt the flow or imbalance a game, they overlook this essential truth: the beauty of TTRPGs lies in their adaptability. If players are already modifying core mechanics to suit their preferences, why should optional rules be any different?

    This leads us to a deeper understanding of optional rules: they’re just one more tool in the expansive, flexible world of TTRPGs. Far from complicating things, they serve to enhance the experience, allowing groups to tailor the game to their desires.

    The True Strength of Optional Rules

    At the heart of tabletop RPGs is collaborative storytelling. Players and GMs work together to create narratives, explore new worlds, and engage in complex stories. The magic of this experience lies in choice, the ability to adapt the game to suit the group’s unique preferences and playstyles. Optional rules are the key to this tailored experience, providing a toolkit for customization, growth, and creativity.

    Optional rules give groups the freedom to evolve the game organically, adding complexity or depth as desired, without overwhelming new players or disrupting the core gameplay. This flexibility is not just a feature of TTRPGs; it’s a fundamental strength. It encourages experimentation, making the game richer and more personal. It allows each group to leave its unique mark on the game, creating something truly special and tailored.

    Instead of viewing optional rules as a threat to the game’s balance or integrity, we should embrace them for what they truly are: an invitation to explore, innovate, and customize. By offering a range of options without imposing a specific set of rules, they empower players to shape the game in ways that matter to them. But they also explicitly create no requirements; as optional rules, they can be freely ignored if you want. This is the essence of roleplaying, taking a system and creating your own experience.

    In the end, optional rules embody the spirit of tabletop RPGs: freedom, creativity, and adaptability. They are not obstacles or sources of unnecessary complexity; they are bridges to more immersive, customized experiences. TTRPGs are not static systems; they are dynamic, living worlds that evolve with the people who engage with them. So, when critics claim that optional rules are disruptive or unnecessary, it’s important to remember that these rules provide extra room for the game to grow, adapt, and thrive.

    By embracing optional rules, we embrace what makes TTRPGs so unique: the freedom to craft an experience that’s as dynamic and personal as the players themselves. Optional rules are not just tools! They are opportunities to create truly unforgettable stories. It’s up to us to make the most of them.

    What do you think about optional rules and house rules? How do you adapt games for your table? What are some of your favorite optional rules and house rule revisions? Leave a comment below or come scream at Rev about his silly ideas over on Bluesky.

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  • Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs

    Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs

    Also be sure to check out the contrasting defense of rules lite games!

    Why Complexity Isn’t a Flaw

    Portrait of a joyful African woman with afro hair, wearing colorful bracelets and gold earrings, enjoying the sunny day.

    Defending Depth, Structure, and the Joy of Mastery

    Tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) offer a mix of creativity, strategy, and storytelling, but there’s often a rift between rules-light and rules-heavy systems. While the former are often celebrated for their simplicity, games like Pathfinder, Shadowrun, and Burning Wheel tend to get criticized for being too complex, with their intricate mechanics and steep learning curves. But here’s the catch: those so-called flaws are exactly what make these games so compelling.

    For many players, the challenge of mastering these detailed systems becomes the most rewarding part of the game. It’s like solving a puzzle or climbing a challenging mountain, the sense of achievement from overcoming complexity is intrinsically satisfying. When we engage with rules-heavy systems, we tap into a deeper psychological drive: the desire for mastery. The process of learning and understanding these systems unlocks a level of joy that’s closely tied to human cognition. Just as we feel satisfaction in figuring out a complex game or learning a new skill, TTRPGs deliver that same intrinsic reward, but in the context of collaborative storytelling and character development.

    Instead of viewing these detailed mechanics as obstacles, consider them tools, tools that open up deeper layers of strategy, creativity, and immersion. It’s not about adding friction for the sake of it; it’s about creating a rich, structured environment where players can stretch their imaginations, develop their characters, and feel the satisfaction of mastering the game’s world.

    In this article, we’ll explore the criticisms that often get leveled at rules-heavy games, from fears about accessibility to worries about rigidity. But just as importantly, we’ll highlight the unique joys these systems offer, along with practical strategies for managing their complexity. Whether you’re a diehard fan of crunch or someone who’s been on the fence, join us as we dive into why rules-heavy games are more than worth the effort.

    Complexity and Accessibility: A Gateway, Not a Barrier

    When newcomers encounter a game like Dungeons & Dragons 4e, Burning Wheel, or Shadowrun, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the vast rulebooks and detailed mechanics. Complexity can feel like a wall that separates the casual player from the rich experiences these games promise. But here’s the thing: that complexity isn’t the problem, it’s the gateway. The challenge of mastering intricate rules isn’t a barrier; it’s what makes the eventual mastery so sweet.

    This drive to conquer complexity taps directly into intrinsic motivation, a psychological principle that shows how humans gain satisfaction from overcoming challenges and developing new skills. Learning a complex game like Pathfinder isn’t just about understanding rules—it’s about unlocking a deeper level of personal achievement. When you master that spell system or tactical combat sequence, it’s not just about following the rules; it’s about owning the experience and feeling competent in the game world.

    Additionally, complexity creates a psychological safety net for new players. It provides clear boundaries and guidance, eliminating much of the uncertainty that can make gaming stressful. When players understand the rules, they’re more likely to feel confident in their choices and actions. Rather than forcing players into rigid boxes, systems like Burning Wheel and D&D 4e provide structure that helps people explore within set parameters, offering both security and the freedom to be creative.

    Easing People Into The Complexity

    If you’re a GM introducing a rules-heavy game to new players, it’s can he helpful to start slow. A great way to ease into complexity is by running tutorial sessions. Start with simple mechanics like resolving skill checks or basic combat, and leave the more complicated elements for later. You can even break up complex systems into chunks, adding new rules gradually as the players become more comfortable.

    In educational psychology, this is known as “scaffolding,” which is the process of giving learners manageable pieces of information and building on that knowledge over time. It’s an approach that works wonders at the tabletop too. For example, a GM might follow the example of video game tutorials and introduce a specific mechanic (like spellcasting) only when it becomes relevant to the story, making the learning curve feel more like a natural progression rather than an intimidating leap.

    With a thoughtful approach, the complexity of rules-heavy systems becomes less daunting and more rewarding. Players can eventually look at the rulebook and see it as a map to guide them, rather than an overwhelming maze. And with that, we can dive into how these systems impact the flow and pacing of the game.

    Slowed Gameplay: A Deliberate Pace for Richer Experiences

    Slow gameplay often gets a bad rap in rules-heavy systems. Longer turns, intricate calculations, and drawn-out discussions can make the game feel like it’s dragging. But what if we reframed “slow” as “deliberate”? Games like Cyberpunk and Burning Wheel benefit from a slower pace because it allows for tactical depth and immersive moments. When gameplay is paced thoughtfully, it creates space for rich decision-making and a deeper connection with the story.

    Just like savoring a gourmet meal instead of inhaling fast food, a slower pace allows players to really dig into the experience. When players can take their time, they are more likely to experience that “flow” state, the psychological condition where time seems to fly by because they are fully immersed in the task at hand. Whether it’s an intense negotiation or a tense battle, slowing down allows players to fully engage with the game, enjoying every moment and feeling every choice.

    Moreover, this deliberate pace reduces ambiguity in decision-making. Systems like Cyberpunk or Pathfinder offer detailed rules that help GMs make consistent, predictable decisions. This clarity makes everyone feel like the game world is fair and reliable, which builds trust and enjoyment around the table.

    Keeping Things Moving Smoothly

    To help mitigate any frustration with the slower pace, GMs can introduce a few tools. Pre-session prep can reduce the need for constant rule-checking, and providing players with quick-reference guides or summaries can speed up gameplay significantly. Online tools, like automated character sheets or combat calculators, are great for handling mechanics without slowing down the action.

    Additionally, share the load! By allowing players to track initiatives, handle minor NPC roles, or manage maps, GMs can keep the pace moving without having to micromanage every detail. It’s a team effort, and this collaborative dynamic makes the slower pace feel less like a drag and more like a shared experience.

    A slow pace doesn’t have to mean a boring pace. It’s a chance to explore the world, make meaningful decisions, and build unforgettable moments. Now that we’ve seen how to keep things flowing, let’s talk about a common concern: whether the structure of rules-heavy games can stifle creativity.

    Creativity Constraints: Boundaries That Spark Innovation

    One of the most common criticisms of rules-heavy systems is that their detailed mechanics somehow stifle creativity. But here’s the truth: constraints breed innovation. Rather than limiting what players can do, the rules offer a framework that pushes creativity into new directions. A structured system encourages players to think critically and come up with inventive solutions, often in ways that wouldn’t emerge in a more free-form environment.

    Psychologically, constraints spark problem-solving. In fact, research in creativity suggests that having boundaries forces individuals to think more creatively within those confines. Think about Shadowrun or Rifts, two iconic games known for their intricate systems and rich settings. Players aren’t restricted by the rules; they use them as tools to craft elaborate heists, intricate negotiations, and unpredictable plot twists. The rules give the players the building blocks, but the stories are theirs to create.

    Many rules-heavy games also leave room for improvisation. Mechanics like D&D 5e’s Advantage/Disadvantage encourage the GM to adapt rules in ways that best serve the narrative, blending structured mechanics with flexible storytelling. This dynamic interplay gives players the space to stretch their creativity while still working within the system’s logic.

    Encouraging Creativity Within Boundaries

    If you want to foster creativity in a rules-heavy system, think about integrating more narrative tools. Let players contribute to the world-building process, define NPC motivations, or work together to shape the campaign. This collaborative approach creates a deeper investment in the game while preserving the complexity that makes the system so rewarding.

    Also, celebrate the creative solutions players come up with. If someone uses a spell in an unexpected way or crafts a clever tactic, reward that creativity with in-game benefits like bonus XP or Inspiration Points. When players feel like their ingenuity is valued, they’ll continue to push the boundaries of what’s possible within the system.

    Finally, keep flexibility in mind. Acknowledge that the GM’s role is to adapt the rules to fit the narrative. Emphasize that the system exists to support creativity, not suppress it. When players realize they can creatively bend the rules, they’ll approach the system with excitement, not frustration.

    Prep Time and Similar Burdens on the GM

    Yes, rules-heavy systems often require a greater investment of time upfront, but this preparation is far from a burden. In fact, for many Game Masters (GMs), the time spent setting up complex systems, fleshing out intricate worlds, and crafting layered stories is an intrinsic part of the fun. The process becomes like a puzzle in itself, offering a sense of mastery as you build a world that feels rich and lived-in. Every NPC, every location, every decision holds potential, and for those who thrive on this, it’s an incredibly fulfilling part of the experience.

    This type of preparation taps into a human drive for problem-solving and mastery. The satisfaction of seeing your efforts come to life during gameplay is deeply rewarding. It’s like putting together a puzzle where every piece you fit into place is one step closer to a narrative masterpiece. Plus, with a wealth of tools available (such as pre-built modules, oracles and random charts, and collaborative world-building) GMs don’t have to go it alone. When players help design parts of the world or create their own characters’ backstories, it not only lightens the load but also fosters a deeper connection to the story. They’re not just playing in the world, they’re helping to shape it.

    By embracing this preparatory work, GMs create a narrative that feels not just guided but earned, a story players can immerse themselves in and interact with on a profound level.

    The Thrill of Decision-Making: Embracing Complexity Without the Stress

    One of the most daunting aspects of rules-heavy systems is the sheer number of choices available. Analysis paralysis can set in, making even the simplest decision seem overwhelming. However, it’s important to recognize that the multitude of options is precisely what draws many players to these systems in the first place. Every choice presents a new opportunity to explore the full range of their character’s potential, whether it’s selecting the perfect feat, casting the right spell, or making a life-altering decision during a pivotal moment in the story. This sense of autonomy taps directly into a core psychological driver: self-determination.

    In the realm of TTRPGs, the ability to make meaningful decisions enhances intrinsic motivation. And players feel more invested in a game when their actions directly influence the outcome of the story. For some, the sheer joy of optimization can be immensely satisfying. Crafting the perfect character build or navigating complex systems is akin to solving a puzzle. The pleasure comes from the challenge itself, the deeper understanding of the game’s mechanics, and the joy of refining and experimenting within a framework that rewards thoughtful engagement.

    Easing Choice Paralysis

    However, to keep analysis paralysis from bogging things down, a few adjustments can help. First, encourage players to prioritize narrative over mechanical optimization. Instead of asking, “What’s the best decision statistically?” ask, “What would your character do?” This helps shift the focus from pure mechanics to roleplaying, making decisions feel more intuitive. For new players, it can also be helpful to limit choices during character creation. Instead of throwing the entire compendium at them, offer a curated list of options that align with the campaign’s tone and setting. This makes it easier to focus on the fun of the game rather than getting lost in the weeds of every possible choice. Lastly, offering clear examples of how certain abilities or spells can be used creatively in combat or roleplay can guide players, giving them a sense of direction without overwhelming them with options.

    Ultimately, while analysis paralysis is a valid concern, it’s just another part of the game’s rich texture. With a bit of framing and some guided support, players can enjoy the depth without feeling swamped by it. And once they get the hang of it, that sense of choice becomes part of the fun, driving them to explore their characters in new and exciting ways.

    Rules Lawyering: Intellectual Fun, Not a Roadblock

    Three colleagues in a heated argument at the office, highlighting workplace stress.

    The term “rules lawyering” often carries a negative connotation, but in reality, these moments of debate and discussion can be part of what makes rules-heavy games so engaging. When players and GMs get into the weeds of interpreting a rule or discussing its finer points, it’s often a sign of engagement. Far from derailing the experience, these debates reflect the deep investment players have in the system. The more they know about the rules, the more they understand the world in which they’re playing. These discussions help foster fairness and clarity in the game, ensuring that everyone is on the same page.

    Psychologically, people can be deeply motivated by competence, the feeling that they’re mastering something. When players engage in rules debates, they’re showing their deep knowledge and understanding of the system. It’s a form of mastery, and this kind of intellectual engagement can feel deeply rewarding. But it’s also essential to keep these discussions from becoming disruptive. A clear structure, where the GM or table consensus has the final say, can help keep things moving smoothly.

    When these moments do arise, it’s important to frame them as opportunities for collaborative problem-solving, not conflict. Shifting from “You’re wrong about that rule” to “Let’s figure this out together” turns the debate into a creative challenge, encouraging teamwork and a shared investment in the game.

    Player Preferences: Finding Your Perfect System Match

    At the heart of TTRPGs is an incredible diversity of systems. Just as some players gravitate toward strategy games and others toward freeform storytelling, so too do TTRPG players have different preferences. Rules-heavy systems appeal to those who find joy in complexity, strategy, and deep-world building, while rules-light systems attract those who prefer a more improvisational, narrative-driven experience. The psychology of flow plays a crucial role here, some players thrive in systems that allow them to get fully absorbed in a structured, challenging environment, while others prefer the freedom of simpler systems where the pace is quicker, and creativity flows without constraint.

    This diversity in player preference is what makes the hobby so universally appealing. By allowing players to explore systems that resonate with their individual tastes, TTRPGs can forge strong, passionate communities. Players bond not only over their shared love of the game but over their shared mastery of the systems themselves. Whether you’re navigating the complexities of Shadowrun or telling an improvised tale with Index Card RPG, the joy of finding the right system for your group is undeniable.

    For groups trying to balance different preferences, it’s often helpful to experiment with a variety of systems. Play a one-shot in a lighter game to introduce newcomers, then explore a more complex system when everyone feels comfortable. Having a session zero to discuss expectations and preferences for complexity and pacing ensures that everyone is aligned and excited about the journey ahead.

    Embracing the Depths: Unlocking the True Joy of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs

    In the world of TTRPGs, the beauty of rules-heavy systems lies in their inherent complexity—the intricate layers that reward patience, strategic thinking, and collaboration. For those who thrive on mastering systems, these games offer a level of satisfaction that simpler, rules-light games often can’t match. Every tactical decision, every character choice, and every interaction within the structured framework opens new avenues for discovery, creativity, and storytelling. The joy of mastering intricate mechanics, optimizing strategies, and navigating complex systems is a unique satisfaction that can’t be replicated elsewhere.

    While these systems may seem daunting at first, they ultimately provide a deeply engaging, fulfilling experience. The initial challenges, from preparation to decision-making, only enhance the journey, transforming what could be obstacles into opportunities for growth. Whether you’re a seasoned GM or a newcomer to the hobby, the key to unlocking these rewards is embracing complexity with the right mindset. With thoughtful preparation, clear communication, and a flexible approach, rules-heavy games can unfold into rich, immersive worlds where players are free to explore, innovate, and create.

    So, the next time someone questions the depth of a rules-heavy game, remember: complexity isn’t a hindrance—it’s an opportunity. An opportunity to dive into a world that challenges, rewards, and enriches your experience in ways simpler systems can’t. With the right tools and mindset, these games open the door to unforgettable adventures, deeper engagement, and stories that feel truly earned.

    What about you? Do you love to master the mechanics and embrace the challenge? Do you find joy in the depth, complexity, and collaboration that rules-heavy systems offer? How do you navigate the richness of rules-heavy games? Leave a comment below or come yell at Rev about it on Bluesky!

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  • Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems

    Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems

    Also be sure to check out the contrasting defense of rules heavy systems!

    A Case for Simplicity and Accessibility

    A captivating image of an open book under a dramatic spotlight, symbolizing knowledge.

    Rules-light tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) like Lasers & Feelings and Risus are often dismissed as overly simplistic, with critics claiming they shift too much work onto Game Masters (GMs) and fail to provide the structure needed for satisfying gameplay. But what if the very traits being criticized are actually the keys to their success?

    Humans are natural storytellers. From improvised games of make-believe to spontaneous party games, we thrive on simple frameworks that let creativity flourish. Rules-light systems tap into this innate ability, offering a flexible canvas for narrative-driven play. The simplicity isn’t a flaw, it’s a feature designed to empower players and GMs alike by stripping away unnecessary complexity.

    Rather than burdening GMs, these systems reduce cognitive load, eliminate hours of prep, and invite everyone at the table to share in shaping the story. Let’s explore why these games are not only manageable but liberating, and why many criticisms stem from assumptions rooted in traditional TTRPG design.

    Reducing Cognitive Load: Why Simplicity Eases the Burden on GMs

    Critics of rules-light systems often argue that they force GMs to make constant rulings and interpretations, potentially leading to decision fatigue. However, this overlooks the key benefit of simplicity: reduced cognitive load. Rules-light games like Lasers & Feelings and Risus free the GM from the complexity of stat blocks, modifiers, and intricate mechanics, allowing them to focus on the creative aspects of storytelling.

    Streamlined Mechanics

    Traditional systems demand GMs juggle stat blocks and detailed combat mechanics. In contrast, rules-light systems simplify these elements, focusing only on the essentials. For instance, an NPC or encounter might be reduced to a single descriptive phrase or a basic die roll, removing the need for exhaustive preparation. This reduced complexity allows the GM to make decisions more quickly and intuitively, freeing up mental space for creativity.

    Natural Adaptability

    Humans are naturally inclined toward storytelling and improvisation. In rules-light games, GMs rely on their natural creativity rather than memorizing rules. This taps into the brain’s inherent ability to make quick, adaptive decisions based on mental schemas, facilitating smoother gameplay. With less rule-based friction, GMs can focus on the narrative and character-driven moments, which are key to engaging players.

    To enhance this natural adaptability, many GMs use tools like random generators, templates, oracles, or pre-prepared prompts. For example, random event tables or NPC generators can provide quick inspiration during gameplay, while narrative templates and answer oracles can guide story progression. Systems like Ironsworn or Motif integrate such tools directly into their design, offering structured ways to spark creativity without adding mechanical complexity. By equipping themselves with these aids, GMs can navigate ambiguity with confidence, ensuring that the story remains engaging and dynamic even when improvisation is required.

    Tools For Bridging Gaps

    While rules-light games rely on minimal mechanics, they don’t leave GMs without support. Many systems include optional guidelines or supplementary resources to help handle ambiguity. For instance, Motif uses dice-driven prompts to guide narrative decisions, while Ironsworn employs oracle tables to fill in story gaps. Such tools reduce the pressure on GMs by providing a scaffold for improvisation, ensuring that decisions align with the game’s tone and direction.

    By combining simplicity with these aids, rules-light systems empower GMs to focus on the flow of the game and the shared story rather than the minutiae of mechanics. Far from being a source of stress, minimal rules create an environment where flexibility and creativity thrive, supported by practical tools that keep the experience accessible and engaging.

    Empowering GMs: Flexibility and Player-Driven Storytelling

    Rules-light systems empower GMs by providing the freedom to adapt and respond to the story as it unfolds. Instead of sifting through rulebooks to resolve situations, GMs can make quick, intuitive decisions that are in harmony with the narrative.

    No Need for Extensive Prep

    In rules-light systems like Lasers & Feelings or Risus, GMs don’t need to create detailed stat blocks for every NPC or monster. A “villain” can be defined by a simple die rating or a core concept, which keeps the focus on their role in the story rather than the mechanics behind them. This approach reduces cognitive strain and prep time, allowing the GM to stay engaged with the story and react dynamically. With fewer spoons exhausted and more free mental processing space, GMs can devote more attention to the unfolding fiction at the table.

    Player-Driven Worlds

    By giving players more control over their characters and the world, rules-light systems create a collaborative narrative. This shared storytelling reduces the GM’s burden of having to manage every aspect of the game. Players, in turn, help shape the story with their actions and choices, making the narrative develop organically. This collaboration also taps into social psychological principles, like the need for agency and belonging, which helps keep everyone invested and engaged without overwhelming the GM.

    Experienced Gamers May Misinterpret Rules-Light Systems

    Stressed man sitting on couch, feeling overwhelmed and frustrated, expressing mental strain.

    Rules-light systems are often seen as more challenging by experienced gamers because they bring preconceptions from traditional, rules-heavy systems. These assumptions can lead to unnecessary confusion and difficulty in adapting. However, these systems also offer unique opportunities for seasoned players to explore new dimensions of gameplay.

    Preconceptions About Structure

    Players and GMs accustomed to detailed, rigid frameworks may feel disoriented when those structures are absent. They might start overcomplicating the light mechanics, seeking “missing” rules that simply don’t exist. This reaction often stems from a reliance on the cognitive ease of structure, where having more rules feels like it provides certainty. In contrast, rules-light systems require a mindset shift toward embracing simplicity and creative interpretation.

    Adapting to Flexibility

    For many, the lack of defined mechanics for every scenario can feel uncomfortable. However, it’s this very flexibility that makes rules-light games accessible, especially for newer players and GMs. Once the mental switch is made, GMs can focus on dynamic storytelling instead of rigid rules, and players are encouraged to engage more creatively. Psychological studies show that people adapt faster to environments where they can exercise more control, which is why rules-light and simple narrative-driven systems often feel more fluid and enjoyable once the initial hurdle is overcome.

    Rules-Light as a Creative Break

    For experienced players, rules-light games can serve as a refreshing departure from the mechanical complexity of traditional systems. These games allow players and GMs to shift their focus from rules mastery to experimental storytelling, encouraging new ways to engage with the narrative. For instance, a group that typically plays detailed systems like Dungeons & Dragons or Pathfinder might use a rules-light game like Fate Accelerated Edition or Index Card RPG for a one-shot adventure centered on character development or improvisational storytelling.

    Tips for Moving From Heavier to Lighter Games

    For players accustomed to heavier mechanics, transitioning to rules-light systems can be smoother with a few adjustments:

    • Incorporate Optional Add-Ons: Many rules-light games, such as Fate, provide optional rules or modular expansions that add layers of complexity without undermining the system’s simplicity.
    • House Rule Tailoring: Groups can create or adapt house rules to address specific needs or preferences. For example, adding a light resource management mechanic or a more structured initiative system can help bridge the gap for players who crave a bit more structure.
    • Experiment with Short Campaigns: Start with shorter or standalone adventures to ease into the rules-light mindset. This lowers the stakes while giving players a chance to adjust to the new style.

    By approaching rules-light systems with flexibility and an experimental spirit, experienced gamers can unlock their potential as tools for both creative expression and narrative exploration.

    Accessibility for Newcomers and GMs

    One of the biggest advantages of rules-light systems is their ability to welcome newcomers, making tabletop role-playing games more accessible than ever before.

    Ease of Learning

    Games like Risus are ideal for beginners because they don’t require players or GMs to memorize complex rules. With minimal mechanics to keep track of, everyone can focus on the storytelling and their roles within the game. This simplicity reduces the cognitive load on new players, allowing them to engage with the game without feeling overwhelmed. Additionally, newcomers can quickly understand how their actions translate into the game world, fostering a smoother learning curve and allowing for more immersive play.

    Social and Psychological Benefits

    Rules-light systems tap into our natural inclination for storytelling and playacting, which reduces the fear of “getting it wrong”. Players don’t have to worry about following exact rule interpretations or memorizing every detail. Instead, they can lean into creative decision-making and collaboration, which makes the experience less intimidating. Psychology shows that when people are given freedom to act and create in social settings, they experience lower levels of anxiety and more positive social engagement. This is why rules-light systems help players (especially new ones) feel more confident in their decisions, making them more likely to dive into the narrative and build the story together.

    Addressing the “Burden on the GM” Critique

    Critics often argue that rules-light games shift too much of the workload onto the GM, but this critique overlooks a crucial point: complex systems typically place a much heavier burden on GMs, requiring significant time and effort for preparation and rule adjudication. What’s often ignored in this discussion is how rules-light systems can support not only one-shots but also deep, long-term campaigns that engage players just as effectively as their rules-heavy counterparts.

    Rules-Heavy Games Demand More Prep

    In traditional, rules-heavy games, GMs can easily spend hours prepping for a single session. They have to craft detailed encounters, create stat blocks for every NPC or monster, and plan for a variety of contingencies. Rules-light systems, by contrast, eliminate much of this burden. With only a few core mechanics and flexible guidelines, GMs can improvise and adapt in real-time, saving time and mental energy.

    This flexibility doesn’t come at the expense of depth. Systems like Fate Accelerated Edition demonstrate that minimal mechanics can still support long-term campaigns by encouraging collaborative worldbuilding, story arcs, and meaningful character development. The focus often shifts to narrative prompts and emergent storylines, allowing the players and GM to co-create evolving arcs. This approach reduces the need for extensive stat tracking while still delivering the kind of rich, layered stories associated with longer campaigns.

    Freedom to Be Creative

    Rather than constraining GMs with rigid rules, the minimal structure in rules-light systems empowers them to be more creative. With fewer rules to keep track of, GMs have the freedom to guide the story organically, responding to player actions and the evolving narrative. This fluidity allows for spontaneous storytelling and lets GMs make decisions based on the context of the moment, rather than trying to adhere to pre-established rules or mechanics.

    For campaigns, this creativity can translate into the development of recurring villains, shifting alliances, or thematic story arcs, all without the need for complex mechanics. For example, GMs in Fate Accelerated Edition can deepen the gameplay by using simple “Aspects” and “Fate Points” to represent evolving character motivations or world changes. This means the focus remains on the story’s progression, rather than the mechanical grind of advancement.

    Embracing the Light: Tips for GMs and Players

    Transitioning to rules-light systems can be a refreshing change for both Game Masters (GMs) and players, offering a more flexible and narrative-driven experience. To facilitate this transition, consider the following strategies:

    Interpreting Ambiguous Rules

    Rules-light systems often leave room for interpretation, which can be both liberating and challenging. To navigate this:

    • Establish Table-Specific Guidelines: Before gameplay, discuss and agree upon how to handle common scenarios. This consensus ensures consistency and reduces confusion during sessions. For instance, decide how to resolve contested actions or handle unexpected player choices.
    • Embrace Flexibility: Understand that ambiguity is a feature, not a flaw. Use it as an opportunity to enhance creativity and adapt the game to the group’s preferences.

    Encouraging Collaborative Decision-Making

    Sharing the responsibility of rulings can enrich the gaming experience:

    • Involve Players in Adjudication: When uncertain situations arise, involve players in the decision-making process. This collaborative approach fosters a sense of ownership and investment in the story.
    • Promote Open Communication: Encourage players to voice their interpretations and suggestions. This dialogue can lead to innovative solutions and a more dynamic narrative.

    Utilizing Supplements to Aid Improvisation

    While rules-light systems are designed for flexibility, certain tools can enhance the experience:

    • Random Generators: Utilize game tools that generate NPCs, plot hooks, or encounters, or provide answers to questions. These can serve as inspiration during sessions.
    • Templates and Charts: Prepare templates for common scenarios (e.g., combat, social interactions) and charts for random events or outcomes. These resources can streamline gameplay and reduce decision fatigue.
    • Prebuilt Story Seeds: Have a collection of story hooks or plot outlines ready to introduce new arcs or challenges, ensuring the narrative remains engaging.

    By implementing these strategies, GMs and players can effectively embrace the flexibility of rules-light systems, leading to a more enjoyable and collaborative tabletop role-playing experience.

    Long-Term Campaigns in Rules-Light Systems

    Colleagues discussing data and strategy in an office meeting.

    Critics often argue that rules-light systems lack the depth necessary for sustaining long-term campaigns. However, many such systems are designed to support extended play by emphasizing narrative progression over mechanical complexity.

    Story Progression Over Mechanical Advancement

    In rules-light games, character and campaign development are driven by the evolving narrative rather than intricate mechanics. This approach allows for deep character arcs, complex storylines, and rich world-building without the need for extensive rules. For instance, in Fate Accelerated Edition, character Aspects and the use of Fate Points facilitate significant growth and change through storytelling choices, enabling campaigns to develop organically over time.

    Optional Layers of Complexity for Campaigns

    Some rules-light systems offer optional rules or modular expansions to add depth for longer campaigns. For example, Into the Odd provides straightforward mechanics but can be expanded with additional content to introduce more complexity as needed. Similarly, Knave is designed to be minimalist yet allows for the incorporation of more detailed rules to suit the preferences of the gaming group. These flexible frameworks enable groups to tailor the game to their desired level of complexity, supporting sustained engagement over extended play.

    Narrative Tools to Maintain Engagement

    To keep long-term campaigns engaging, GMs can employ various narrative techniques that supplement the minimalist rules:

    • Recurring NPCs: Introducing characters who appear throughout the campaign can create a sense of continuity and deepen the story. Their evolving relationships with the player characters add layers to the narrative.
    • Thematic Arcs: Developing overarching themes or story arcs provides direction and purpose, encouraging players to invest in the long-term progression of the campaign.
    • Player-Driven Plots: Allowing players to influence the direction of the story fosters a collaborative environment where their choices have meaningful impacts, enhancing engagement.

    By focusing on these narrative elements, rules-light systems can facilitate rich, immersive experiences that are sustainable over long-term play. The flexibility inherent in these systems allows for adaptability and creativity, ensuring that both players and GMs remain engaged throughout the campaign.

    Recognizing Challenges and Limitations

    Vital Caveat: It is important to recognize that the flexibility of rules-light systems can be daunting for some GMs and players. The lack of rigid structures or comprehensive mechanics might leave newer or less confident participants feeling uncertain about how to proceed. Ambiguity in rules can lead to decision paralysis for the GM or disagreements among players about how to resolve certain situations.

    For those accustomed to the guidance of more detailed systems, adapting to the open-ended nature of rules-light play may require a significant mindset shift. These challenges, while real, can also be opportunities for creativity and growth. Rules-light systems encourage problem-solving, collaboration, and improvisation, which can be highly rewarding for those willing to embrace the learning curve.

    It’s important to note that no TTRPG system or preference is universally “better” than others. Preferences vary based on playstyles, group dynamics, and the goals of the campaign. For those who thrive on structured mechanics, rules-heavy systems may feel like a better fit. Meanwhile, for groups seeking spontaneity and shared storytelling, rules-light games offer a unique and engaging alternative. Ultimately, the best system is the one that resonates with your table’s needs and enhances your collective experience.

    Rules-Light Games Are a Feature, Not a Flaw

    Rules-light systems are not a limitation! They are a gateway to more creative, fluid, and engaging tabletop role-playing. By stripping away unnecessary complexity, these systems free GMs and players from the burdens of rule-checking and number-crunching, allowing them to dive directly into the heart of the story.

    For GMs, this means less time spent on preparation and more time spent crafting memorable, player-driven narratives. And for campaigns, the depth doesn’t have to come from more rules! It can emerge from rich character arcs, evolving storylines, and the natural interplay between players and the GM. Systems like Motif, Risus, Index Card RPG, Caltrop Core, and Fate Accelerated Edition exemplify how minimal mechanics can provide frameworks that support these deeper narratives without requiring extensive rulebooks.

    Critics of rules-light games often misinterpret their simplicity as a weakness. The reality is that these systems empower GMs to adapt on the fly, lean into their improvisational skills, and foster collaboration. There’s no need to adhere to rigid frameworks or preordained scenarios. Rules-light games thrive on spontaneity, player-driven decisions, and creative problem-solving, making them easier to run for many (including many newcomers), not harder.

    In fact, the real challenge for players and GMs alike is unlearning the assumptions carried over from traditional, more detailed systems. Once you let go of the need for complex systems and embrace the power of simplicity, you’ll discover that less really can be more: more freedom, more creativity, and more meaningful stories. Whether for one-shots or long-term campaigns, rules-light systems are an opportunity for fun, flexibility, and adventure.

    What’s your experience with rules-light systems? Do they enhance your gameplay, or do you prefer the depth of traditional systems? Share your thoughts and let’s discuss! Comment below or come yell at Rev about it on Bluesky!

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  • Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)

    Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 3)

    This entry is part 3 of 3 in the series Mystery Advice
    This entry is part 3 of 6 in the series TTRPG Advice

    Even More TTRPG Tips To Make Your Mysteries Unforgettable

    Be sure to also check out Part 1 and Part 2 of this series.

    A classic noir scene with a detective taking notes in a dimly lit bar, emphasizing mystery and intrigue.

    Mysteries in TTRPGs are like puzzles waiting to be unraveled, blending player ingenuity, character roleplay, and GM creativity into a thrilling experience. But even the best mysteries can hit snags if they’re too rigid, lack emotional depth, or fail to engage the whole table. In this guide, we’ll tackle even more tips for crafting and running mysteries that leave players talking about your game for years. With the right techniques, you can keep your players on the edge of their seats, immersed in a world of intrigue and suspense.

    Designing for Flexibility: Adapting to Player Actions

    Mystery games rarely go as planned. Players poke at details you thought were unimportant, miss glaring clues, or propose theories that rewrite your narrative. While it’s tempting to stay on course, the key to a great mystery is adaptation. Flexibility isn’t just helpful, it’s essential for keeping your game dynamic, immersive, and responsive to the unpredictable nature of your players.

    How to Build Adaptable Mysteries

    • Modular Clue Systems: Clues should be versatile. Instead of relying on a specific series of events to introduce information, design clues that can surface in multiple ways. If players miss a clue in one location, introduce a variation of it later, perhaps through a conversation with an NPC or a new investigation at a different location. This flexibility helps keep the mystery alive, even when players diverge from the path you originally planned.
    • Re-contextualize Overlooked Clues: One of the most important things to remember is that not all clues need to be discovered immediately. If players overlook a key piece of evidence, don’t throw it away. Instead, let it resurface later in a new context. For instance, the players may miss a bloody dagger, but later, they find its matching sheath in an unrelated location. This recontextualization makes the mystery feel organic and keeps players engaged as they draw connections themselves. This approach taps into the psychological principle of “recognition memory,” where a delayed discovery often feels like a breakthrough, creating an emotional payoff.
    • Embrace Player Theories: Let your players’ ideas guide the direction of the mystery. If they latch onto a theory, even if it’s not what you originally intended, consider incorporating it into the story. This taps into the “agency” principle in storytelling, where players feel their choices matter and influence the narrative. By weaving their ideas into the plot, you give them a sense of ownership over the story, which increases their emotional investment and enjoyment. This can take many forms from merely being flexible and allowing multiple approaches to lead to the pre-determined core mystery, all the way to fully player-driven mysteries.

    Mystery games should feel like living, breathing entities that evolve with player decisions. When you embrace flexibility, you allow the story to take unexpected and compelling turns that keep your players hooked. By adapting to their actions and theories, you create an experience where everyone feels like a crucial part of the unfolding mystery. A flexible mystery also aligns with the core appeal of detective fiction: the thrill of discovery and the satisfaction of fitting together the pieces of a complex puzzle.

    This approach of giving GMs the freedom to adjust based on player actions doesn’t just make the game more enjoyable! It strengthens the narrative by creating a story that’s just as dynamic and unpredictable as the players themselves.

    Psychology of Deception: Managing NPC Lies and Misleading Information

    Two women seated indoors, whispering secrets in a calm and minimalist space.

    NPCs are the lifeblood of mysteries, and their ability to mislead or obscure the truth can make or break your narrative. When done well, deception adds depth and complexity, turning simple interactions into thrilling moments of tension. Done poorly, however, it risks feeling like a cheap trick rather than a compelling part of the story.

    Crafting Believable Lies

    • Outright Lies, Partial Truths, and Omissions: Not every NPC needs to be a master manipulator. People lie for different reasons, and understanding these motives can help you craft nuanced interactions. A frightened shopkeeper might omit critical details out of fear, while a well-practiced con artist might weave partial truths into their lies to make them more convincing. This is important because humans (and NPCs) rarely tell perfect lies. They reveal themselves in bits and pieces, creating opportunities for players to notice inconsistencies.
    • Nonverbal Cues: Deception isn’t just about what is said; it’s often about what isn’t said. NPCs may display physical signs of lying, such as avoiding eye contact, fidgeting, or nervous laughter. These nonverbal cues can give players subtle hints that something is off. According to the Pinocchio effect in psychology, our bodies often betray us when we’re lying, and players will naturally tune into these signs, looking for patterns. These moments of discovery can be highly satisfying, rewarding players for their attentiveness and emotional intelligence.
    • Conflict in Testimonies: Present conflicting accounts of the same event to add complexity and intrigue to your mystery. If one witness claims to have seen the suspect at the scene, and another insists the suspect was elsewhere, players will need to critically analyze the discrepancies. This technique mirrors real-life investigative work and mimics the “unreliable narrator” technique common in detective fiction. It’s a psychological challenge for players to reconcile these differences, rewarding them with a deeper sense of agency and involvement in the mystery. When the truth finally comes to light, the satisfaction of untangling the web of lies is powerful.

    A key to successful NPC deception is exploiting cognitive dissonance. When players encounter conflicting information, such as a character they trust suddenly being caught lying, it creates mental discomfort. The desire to resolve this discomfort will drive players to investigate further, leading to more engagement with the mystery. By offering clues that challenge their assumptions, you increase player investment and keep them hooked.

    Emotional and Roleplay Stakes

    While the thrill of solving a mystery is exciting on its own, adding emotional depth turns it into an experience that resonates long after the game ends. Tying the investigation to personal stakes for the players makes the mystery not just a puzzle to solve, but a journey that challenges their characters on a deeper, emotional level.

    Making It Personal

    • Character Backstories: One of the most effective ways to enhance emotional stakes is to link the mystery to a player character’s backstory. This creates a direct emotional connection between the mystery and the players. Maybe the investigation involves a lost sibling, a mentor’s betrayal, or the unearthing of a secret from the character’s past. This approach taps into the “narrative transportation” principle, where players become so absorbed in the story that they feel as though they are part of it, leading to a stronger emotional impact.
    • NPC Connections: Introduce NPCs with their own relatable motivations and emotional stakes. A grieving parent who wants closure on the death of a child or a detective who is haunted by a past failure can offer rich emotional hooks for players to connect with. These NPCs don’t just serve the plot, they make the story feel real, helping to draw players emotionally into the narrative. Players are more likely to become invested in a mystery when they see the human side of the conflict.
    • Moral and Emotional Reflection: Mystery stories often present players with tough moral dilemmas. Maybe exposing a villain turns out to hurt an innocent family, or the true motive behind the crime is more sympathetic than expected. These moments force players to reflect on their character’s values, adding a layer of emotional complexity to the game. In detective fiction, protagonists often wrestle with moral ambiguities. Incorporating them into your mystery can give the narrative weight and keep players engaged on a deeper level.

    The emotional stakes in your mystery can trigger empathy in players, allowing them to form a deeper connection to the story. When characters face morally complex decisions, players must confront their own values, creating emotional investment. This is closely tied to the empathy-driven immersion principle, players who emotionally invest in characters and situations feel more personally affected by the outcomes, making the mystery feel all the more impactful.

    Creating Climactic Revelations

    A well-executed reveal is the heart of any great mystery. It’s the moment when everything falls into place, the pieces of the puzzle align, and players feel the rush of satisfaction from their efforts. The key is ensuring the reveal is not just shocking, but also earned and deeply integrated into the story.

    Nailing the Big Moment

    • Reframe the Story: One of the most satisfying elements of a mystery’s climax is when it changes the way players view earlier events. This can be done by revealing that a seemingly minor detail from the beginning holds greater significance than they realized. For example, a “throwaway” clue from Act 1 may turn out to be the key to solving the entire case, or a seemingly trustworthy ally may reveal their true, villainous nature. This is known as a “twist” or “reversal,” a staple in detective fiction that challenges players’ assumptions and re-contextualizes the entire story. Psychological principles like confirmation bias can work here: Players will often form their own conclusions as they investigate, so a twist that challenges their expectations feels particularly rewarding when it catches them off guard.
    • Avoid Anticlimactic Twists: While unexpected reveals are thrilling, they should never feel contrived. Avoid relying on coincidences or “deus ex machina” solutions, where the answer just magically appears without proper foreshadowing. This type of reveal often breaks immersion and can make the players feel their efforts were irrelevant. Ensure that your clues, character motivations, and plot threads lead naturally to the conclusion, giving the players a sense of ownership over the resolution. When the reveal makes sense in hindsight, it feels earned and satisfying.
    • Aftermath and Epilogues: The conclusion isn’t just about the reveal itself; it’s about the consequences of that revelation. Allow players to explore the aftermath, whether it’s through NPC reactions, the resolution of subplots, or the long-term ramifications of their discoveries. In detective fiction, the denouement often ties up loose ends and gives closure to unresolved threads. This can be as simple as NPCs thanking the players for solving the mystery, or it can be as dramatic as political or social upheaval triggered by the case. By addressing what happens next, you add depth and realism to your world, making the mystery feel like a truly significant event in the game’s narrative.

    The need for closure is a fundamental psychological principle, especially in mystery storytelling. Humans crave answers to unresolved questions, and when mysteries are solved, it triggers a sense of psychological satisfaction. This is why a well-executed reveal, one that connects all the dots, is so powerful. It provides closure, resolves tension, and leaves players with a feeling of accomplishment.

    Player Dynamics: Encouraging Collaboration

    Diverse team collaborating in a meeting, showcasing teamwork and cooperation in a modern workplace.

    Mysteries in tabletop RPGs are inherently cooperative, solving a mystery often requires multiple minds coming together to piece together clues and theories. However, not all players instinctively work together, and in some cases, players may fall into roles where they dominate or, conversely, disengage. It’s essential to foster collaboration to ensure the mystery remains an enjoyable and shared experience for everyone.

    Encouraging Teamwork

    • Shared Resources: One effective way to encourage collaboration is by giving players a tangible tool to work together: a shared clue board. Whether physical or digital, a central place where players can record and discuss their findings helps keep everyone involved and prevents any one player from hoarding crucial information. It also visually reinforces the idea that the players are working together toward a common goal, which is a psychological trigger that strengthens group cohesion.
    • Breakthrough Moments: Design puzzles or revelations that require the combined effort of the group. For example, a map torn into multiple pieces might require the players to pool their findings or decipher a code that only becomes clear through group discussion. The satisfaction of solving a complex issue together promotes a collective intelligence dynamic, where the group as a whole achieves more than any individual could alone. This not only keeps the mystery engaging but also fosters a sense of shared accomplishment, making the players feel like they are actively contributing to the unraveling of the story.
    • Celebrate Unique Contributions
      Make sure each player’s skills and ideas are highlighted throughout the investigation. If one player is particularly skilled in a specific area (such as deduction, persuasion, or combat), create moments where their unique abilities shine, helping the group succeed. In doing so, players will feel more personally invested in the mystery’s success when they recognize their contributions as valuable and integral to the group’s progress. By celebrating individual contributions, you encourage each player to stay engaged, knowing that their actions have a meaningful impact on the outcome.

    Humans are social creatures, and we thrive in group settings where cooperation is key to success. In a mystery game, fostering group cohesion through collaborative problem-solving not only makes the mystery more enjoyable but also strengthens the sense of collective accomplishment. By designing moments that require teamwork, you appeal to players’ inherent need to feel part of a group working toward a common goal. This type of collaboration enhances the immersion of the game and keeps everyone invested in solving the mystery together.

    Engaging Passive or Less Involved Players in Mystery Games

    In any group, there are players who naturally dive into the intricacies of a mystery, while others may feel less inclined to participate. Whether due to personality, unfamiliarity with investigative gameplay, or discomfort with spotlight moments, these quieter participants can sometimes feel sidelined. The solution? Tailor your approach to create opportunities that draw them in without overwhelming them.

    Bringing Everyone Into the Fold

    • Assign Roles or Tasks: Specific, manageable roles help passive players feel included without requiring them to take center stage. Tasks like interviewing NPCs, organizing evidence, or analyzing an arcane artifact give these players clear objectives. Roles can also be tailored to their characters, such as assigning the bard to gather rumors or the scholar to decode an ancient cipher, ensuring their participation feels natural and meaningful.
    • Tie in Personal Stakes: One of the most effective ways to engage quieter players is by connecting the mystery to their character’s backstory, goals, or relationships. For example, an elusive suspect could be a figure from the secret agent’s past, or a hidden clue might hint at secrets tied to the cleric’s deity. This not only encourages engagement but also deepens their connection to the story. Use narrative techniques from detective fiction (such as the “personal stakes” trope, where a detective’s own history becomes entwined with the case) to inspire these threads.
    • Highlight Unique Skills: Design moments where a quieter player’s character has the exact skill or perspective needed to advance the story. A bounty hunter’s tracking expertise might uncover a fugitive’s trail, or an occultist’s arcane knowledge could decipher cryptic runes. Celebrate these contributions with in-game recognition, such as an NPC praising their cleverness or the group’s collective success hinging on their actions. This psychological reinforcement can boost confidence and encourage further engagement.

    Go Forth Prepared Into The Depths Of Mystery

    Mysteries in tabletop RPGs are more than puzzles to solve; they are opportunities to immerse your players in a story that challenges their minds, tugs at their hearts, and rewards their creativity. With the techniques outlined here, you can craft mysteries that are dynamic, inclusive, and unforgettable. From designing flexible narratives to creating emotionally charged stakes and fostering collaboration, you’re now equipped to elevate your mystery games to new heights.

    But the journey doesn’t stop here! Mysteries are as unique as the groups who play them. The true magic lies in adapting these tips to fit your table, making each session a shared adventure that lingers in the players’ memories long after the dice are put away.

    What’s your approach to keeping mysteries fresh and engaging? Have you tried any unique techniques that made your players’ jaws drop? What’s the most unexpected twist your group has ever encountered or created? Share your experiences, tips, and questions in the comments or come yell at Rev a bit about it on Bluesky!

    Be sure to also check out Part 1 and Part 2 of this series.

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  • Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)

    Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 2)

    This entry is part 2 of 6 in the series TTRPG Advice
    This entry is part 2 of 3 in the series Mystery Advice

    More TTRPG Tips To Make Your Mysteries Unforgettable

    Be sure to check out Part 1 and Part 3 of this series.

    A detective decoding cipher documents with a magnifying glass, notebook in hand.

    Mysteries are a cornerstone of great storytelling, weaving together tension, curiosity, and the satisfaction of unraveling the unknown. In tabletop roleplaying games, mysteries offer players a chance to step into the roles of clever investigators, intuitive detectives, or even reluctant heroes solving puzzles against the clock. But let’s face it: crafting a compelling mystery in a TTRPG can feel like walking a tightrope. Give too much away, and the challenge vanishes. Hold back too much, and the story grinds to a halt.

    In this second part of our mystery deep dive, we’ll tackle advanced techniques to elevate your mystery games and keep your players hanging on every twist and turn. Whether you’re looking to amp up player engagement or fine-tune how you reveal clues, these tips will help you transform your mysteries into unforgettable stories.

    The Role of Discovery: Automatic Clues vs. Active Investigation

    Discovering clues is one of the most rewarding aspects of mystery games, but how clues are delivered can make or break the experience. Automatically granting clues—whether through passive checks or resource expenditures—can diminish the joy of discovery, making the process feel mechanical rather than immersive.

    Why Active Investigation Matters

    Active investigation draws players deeper into the story, inviting them to actively explore, theorize, and engage with the world you’ve built. When players interact directly with the environment (rifling through a suspect’s belongings, interrogating a cagey witness, or reconstructing the scene of a crime) they feel like the driving force behind the mystery.

    This contrasts starkly with passive or automatic clue delivery, which can make the game feel more like a slideshow of reveals or more like a procedural drama than a mystery. Active investigation encourages creativity, teamwork, and roleplay, transforming each discovery into a memorable moment.

    Key Tips for Facilitating Discovery

    • Design Clues That Require Interpretation: Instead of presenting players with straightforward answers, create clues that invite deduction. For example, a burned letter might reveal only fragments of text, pushing players to piece together its full meaning. This approach encourages them to think critically and interact with the game’s world.
    • Use Passive Checks as Gentle Nudges: Passive checks can be helpful, but they should serve as breadcrumbs rather than a full roadmap. A perception check might reveal a faint bloodstain leading to a hidden room, but the players still need to investigate the room itself to uncover what lies inside. These nudges maintain momentum without stealing the spotlight from the players’ decisions.
    • Reward Creativity and Engagement: Players often come up with unorthodox ways to investigate. Maybe they set up a fake meeting to observe a suspect or use magic in an unexpected way. Reward these efforts with unique insights or additional context that they wouldn’t find otherwise. These moments reinforce that their creativity is integral to solving the mystery.

    When players are actively involved in uncovering clues, they tap into autonomy and competence, two key elements that drive meaningful engagement. Autonomy is the freedom to choose their actions and solutions, while competence is the feeling of mastery as they piece together the mystery. This combination makes the process feel rewarding, as players see their decisions shape the outcome, building investment and satisfaction as the story unfolds. By focusing on active investigation, you empower your players to step into the roles of true detectives, making the journey as satisfying as the destination.

    Handling Red Herrings

    Red herrings are a core feature of many mysteries, often used to mislead and divert attention. While they can be exciting and contribute to an immersive, layered narrative, they must be handled with care. Overuse or poorly executed red herrings can frustrate players, leaving them feeling like their efforts have been wasted.

    The Value of Purposeful Distraction

    A well-designed red herring isn’t just a false lead; it should enrich the story and deepen the mystery. When used effectively, red herrings can create subplots that add texture to the world and make the main mystery feel more complex. For example, a character with a seemingly suspicious background may turn out to have secrets unrelated to the central plot, offering players new avenues of investigation while maintaining narrative cohesion. These distractions also keep players on their toes, fostering a sense of mystery that persists throughout the game.

    Key Strategies for Red Herrings

    • Tie Them to the Narrative: Every red herring should be integrated into the story, even if it ultimately misleads players. For example, if the players believe a suspect is the culprit, that suspect’s actions and behaviors should still make sense within the broader world (perhaps they’re involved in a completely different scandal or conspiracy). This approach prevents the herring from feeling like a random detour and makes it part of the world-building.
    • Resolve Major Distractions: When a red herring is revealed as such, give it a clear resolution. If players spend significant time chasing a false lead, it’s important to confirm that the lead was indeed a red herring and explain its purpose in the context of the investigation. This can help avoid lingering frustration or confusion, ensuring players feel like they’ve earned closure, even on missteps.
    • Keep It Fun and Engaging: Red herrings should create moments of tension and surprise, not exhaustion. Players will be more invested in these twists if they’re tied to their characters’ curiosity or their desire to uncover something hidden. By ensuring that red herrings are intriguing rather than insubstantial, you maintain player engagement without derailing the story.

    The use of red herrings plays into cognitive dissonance, the discomfort players feel when presented with conflicting information. This discomfort can drive curiosity and fuel engagement, prompting players to seek resolution. However, it’s crucial to manage this tension carefully; if players feel the dissonance is artificial or excessive, it can lead to frustration rather than intrigue. When used purposefully, red herrings enhance the story, providing depth and complexity without overwhelming or confusing players.

    Dead Ends and False Starts: Making Them Productive

    Close-up of a bright yellow dead end sign obscured by leaves, symbolizing caution.

    Dead ends are inevitable in any investigation. However, they don’t need to bring the story to a halt. In fact, with the right approach, dead ends can be transformed into valuable story elements that contribute to the overall mystery’s depth and momentum.

    Turning Failure Into Progress

    While a dead end can be discouraging at first glance, it doesn’t have to feel like failure. Instead, treat it as an opportunity to uncover new information or shift the direction of the investigation. For example, while the players might fail to retrieve a crucial document, their failure could reveal the identity of another person who now holds the document, opening up a fresh lead. By framing setbacks as revelations, you keep the investigation moving forward, and you maintain a sense of progress despite the obstacles.

    Key Strategies for Dead Ends

    • Reveal What Isn’t True: When players hit a dead end, use it to eliminate possibilities and narrow their focus. For instance, if doubt about a suspect’s alibi falls apart during questioning, it eliminates that person as a suspect, but it might reveal a deeper connection to someone else involved in the mystery. This not only keeps the investigation active but also reduces ambiguity, providing players with clearer direction.
    • Introduce Temporary Roadblocks: Instead of locking players out entirely, give them roadblocks that can be revisited later with new information or tools. Perhaps the players are unable to access a particular area at the moment, but after learning more about the situation or acquiring a new resource, they can return and continue their investigation. This keeps players engaged and invested, as the dead end becomes a puzzle to be solved, rather than a wall to be faced.
    • Leverage False Starts: A false start is when players follow a lead or theory that ultimately doesn’t pan out. Rather than just writing off these moments, weave them back into the larger story. For example, a lead that initially seems promising could reveal a minor character who holds crucial information, even if they’re not directly tied to the main plot. This keeps the investigation dynamic and continuously evolving.

    Dead ends play on problem solving, the process of trial and error. Players are driven by the need to solve a mystery, and dead ends force them to rethink their approach and adapt. This process can actually deepen their investment in the mystery, as they realize that each dead end helps them refine their understanding and get closer to the truth. In this way, setbacks become learning experiences rather than frustrations. By treating dead ends as integral moments of the investigation, you transform potential frustration into productive story moments, maintaining momentum and keeping your players engaged in the narrative.

    The Role of Time Pressure in Mysteries

    Time pressure is a powerful tool in any mystery. It shifts the focus from simply piecing together clues to making critical decisions under duress. When you add time constraints, the stakes aren’t just about discovering the truth, they’re about racing against the clock to prevent disaster.

    Why Time Limits Work

    The presence of a ticking clock brings urgency to the investigation. Deadlines force players to prioritize, creating a natural flow of action and decision-making. For instance, knowing that a murder will take place in three days makes each moment of investigation feel critical, ratcheting up tension and increasing emotional stakes. Time pressure transforms the investigation from a leisurely exploration of clues into a high-stakes race against time, keeping players on edge and more invested in the outcome.

    Key Techniques for Adding Pressure

    • Countdown Mechanics: Implement a visible countdown, like a serial killer striking again in three days or a hostage situation that will escalate unless resolved. Having a tangible reminder of time passing (like a physical timer or written clock) brings the stakes to life, forcing players to make decisions quickly. This mechanic also allows you to control pacing, ensuring the story unfolds at a dynamic speed.
    • Escalating Consequences: Time pressure should introduce meaningful consequences for failure without completely derailing the story. If players miss a deadline, it shouldn’t mark the end of the mystery, but rather shift the stakes. For instance, failing to prevent an escape could lead to a thrilling chase or open up a new set of clues that were previously hidden. These escalating consequences keep players feeling like their actions matter, even when they don’t completely succeed.
    • Balanced Urgency: While urgency is key, you don’t want to overwhelm players by restricting their ability to investigate thoroughly. Offer opportunities for meaningful investigation even under time pressure, such as allowing players to gather essential information while balancing the ticking clock. This ensures that while they’re racing against time, they’re not deprived of the investigative depth that makes mysteries fun. Balance is crucial: too much pressure can stifle creativity, while too little can make the stakes feel hollow.

    The use of time pressure taps into the urgency effect, a psychological principle where people become more focused and motivated under time constraints. The looming threat of failure, especially when tied to consequences, activates loss aversion, the tendency to fear losing something more than gaining something of equal value. This motivates players to act more decisively, creating a thrilling atmosphere that engages both their problem-solving and emotional responses. Time pressure accelerates decision-making, deepens emotional engagement, and ensures your mystery unfolds with intensity and excitement.

    Incorporating Non-Traditional Mystery Formats

    Not every mystery needs to follow the well-worn “whodunit” formula. By introducing alternative mystery formats, you can surprise your players with new narrative structures and challenges. Non-traditional formats allow you to expand the possibilities of what a mystery can be, giving your story fresh and unique twists.

    Expanding the Definition of a Mystery

    When we think of mysteries, the first image that comes to mind is usually a detective story with a clear perpetrator and a logical sequence of clues. However, mysteries can be much more than that. They don’t have to involve solving a crime; they can focus on uncovering hidden truths, unraveling complicated relationships, or understanding intricate systems. Genres like heists, political intrigue, and survival scenarios can all incorporate mystery elements that challenge your players to piece together incomplete or hidden information.

    Key Approaches to Alternative Mysteries

    • Hidden Alliances: Instead of hunting for a single culprit, you can task your players with uncovering secret loyalties or hidden alliances within a faction, organization, or social circle. This can create a mystery rooted in character motivations and interpersonal intrigue, rather than a traditional criminal investigation. The focus shifts to understanding complex dynamics and uncovering the truth behind ambiguous relationships.
    • Reverse Mysteries: In a reverse mystery, players already know the “answer” (for example, the identity of the culprit) but the challenge lies in proving it or uncovering how the crime happened. This twist on the traditional structure turns the mystery into a puzzle of connecting the dots, challenging players to build a narrative around the information they already have. It keeps the focus on investigation, but with a deeper emphasis on logical deduction and analysis.
    • Blending Genres: Don’t be afraid to mix genres to create something truly unique. A mystery can be combined with elements of horror, adventure, or even science fiction to create a dynamic and multifaceted experience. Imagine a survival mystery where players must solve a puzzle while avoiding deadly traps, or a horror mystery where the truth is entwined with supernatural forces. Blending genres keeps players on their toes, as they won’t be able to predict the structure or outcome of the game.

    Non-traditional mysteries tap into novelty-seeking behavior, the human tendency to seek new and stimulating experiences. By introducing unfamiliar structures and genres, you engage players’ curiosity and drive to explore new storytelling avenues. Reverse mysteries and hidden alliances also play into the curiosity gap, the gap between what players know and what they want to know. This drives them to take risks and explore the unknown, making the experience more immersive and rewarding. By incorporating these alternative formats, you keep the mystery genre fresh, appealing to a wide range of player preferences, and allowing for richer, more diverse storytelling.

    Handling Unsolved Mysteries and Open-Ended Stories

    Elegant femme fatale holding a handgun, creating a vintage noir atmosphere indoors.

    Not every mystery needs a tidy resolution. Sometimes, leaving some threads unresolved can enrich your story, leaving players with lingering questions and a sense of intrigue. Open-ended narratives can serve as a tool to keep players engaged long after the investigation is “over,” offering more opportunities for storytelling and character development.

    The Appeal of Ambiguity

    Ambiguity can be a powerful narrative tool. When a mystery isn’t fully solved, it invites players to continue pondering the story, fueling their curiosity long after the session ends. Unsolved mysteries create room for interpretation, allowing players to revisit their theories and form new ones as they uncover more details. This can lead to deeper engagement, as players get to decide what the mystery’s true nature might be. Moreover, unresolved elements can act as hooks for future adventures, keeping the narrative fluid and ongoing.

    Key Strategies for Open Endings

    • Partial Resolutions: Aim to resolve the core mystery while leaving certain secondary plot points open. For example, the players may successfully identify the villain, but the broader motivations behind their actions or their connection to a larger network remain unclear. This allows for closure on the central conflict, while still maintaining narrative intrigue that encourages follow-up in future sessions or campaigns.
    • Tie Loose Ends to Campaign Arcs: Unresolved threads can serve as valuable narrative tools for future storytelling. For example, a mysterious figure may slip away at the end of an investigation, with their true purpose or connections left unclear. This creates a potential storyline that players can pick up later, linking the mystery to broader character arcs or world-building. Unanswered questions can tie into long-term campaign goals, allowing players to organically revisit the unresolved aspects as they develop their characters and explore the world.
    • Set Player Expectations: It’s important to set expectations from the start that not all mysteries will have clear resolutions. Framing ambiguity as a feature, rather than a flaw, allows players to accept and even appreciate open-ended stories. By communicating that some questions may remain unanswered, you prevent frustration and turn the unresolved elements into a part of the experience. This helps players understand that the journey of discovery, rather than the final answer, is the true heart of the mystery. It’s also important to realize that some players struggle with unresolved loose ends, feeling like they are a “lose” condition. Getting everyone on the same page avoids problems.

    The concept of unresolved mysteries taps into the curiosity gap, a psychological principle that fuels a person’s drive to close the gap between what they know and what they want to know. When a mystery is left unsolved, it activates curiosity and motivates players to keep thinking about the game long after the session ends.

    Additionally, leaving things open-ended plays into the Zeigarnik Effect, which suggests that incomplete tasks or unresolved narratives stick in people’s minds longer and are more likely to be revisited or pondered. This is why open-ended mysteries keep players engaged, subtly encouraging them to return and continue unraveling the story. By using open-ended stories and unsolved mysteries thoughtfully, you can create a rich, dynamic narrative that lives on beyond the tabletop, sparking curiosity and continuing player engagement.

    Mysteries Can Be So Fun When Done Well

    Crafting mysteries in tabletop RPGs is an art form, balancing narrative design with player engagement and creative problem-solving. The key to unforgettable mystery games lies in creating a compelling story that doesn’t just rely on clues, but on emotional engagement, player agency, and narrative depth. When done well, mysteries can be some of the most memorable experiences in your TTRPG campaigns.

    At their core, mysteries offer players a chance to flex their intellectual muscles and satisfy their curiosity. When players are solving mysteries, they’re not just working through a puzzle; they’re engaged in a dynamic narrative that responds to their choices. This interactive nature fosters intrinsic motivation, where players are driven to explore and uncover the truth because they enjoy the process of discovery itself.

    By tapping into universal principles like curiosity and problem-solving, you can craft mysteries that are not just fun to play, but unforgettable. Whether it’s the thrill of discovering hidden motives, the tension of racing against time, or the satisfaction of uncovering a complex web of secrets, mysteries in tabletop RPGs hold the power to captivate and engage players in ways that few other genres can.

    How do you handle red herrings? What techniques do you use to work around dead ends? What do you think of all this rambling nonsense that Rev dares call advice? Leave a comment below or come scream at Rev on Bluesky about it

    Be sure to check out Part 1 and Part 3 of this series.

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  • Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)

    Handling Mysteries in Tabletop Roleplaying Games (Part 1)

    This entry is part 1 of 3 in the series Mystery Advice
    This entry is part 1 of 6 in the series TTRPG Advice

    TTRPG Tips to Make Your Mysteries Unforgettable

    Be sure to also check out Part 2 and Part 3 of this series.

    Black and white scene depicting a tense interrogation with suspect and investigator.

    Who doesn’t love a good mystery? There’s something incredibly satisfying about piecing together clues, chasing leads, and solving puzzles. When you bring that into the world of tabletop RPGs, the experience can become even better: immersive worlds, twists and turns, and the collaborative thrill of unraveling a story with friends.

    But running a mystery in a TTRPG isn’t always easy. You want to create an engaging, dynamic puzzle without making it feel either too scripted or too overwhelming. Players should feel like true detectives, neither like they’re just walking through a pre-planned story nor sorting through a haystack for a needle.

    In this article, we’ll cover essential tips for crafting mysteries that captivate your players, while avoiding common pitfalls that derail the experience. We’ll also explore practical techniques drawn from psychological principles and storytelling frameworks to make your mysteries unforgettable.

    Building Mysteries That Hook Players

    A great mystery is more than just a series of clues, it’s an emotional journey. To craft one that resonates, focus on tension, revelation, and the interplay between player actions and the unfolding story.

    Foreshadowing and Clue Dropping

    One of the best parts of a mystery is when the tiny details start clicking into place. This is foreshadowing, and it works because it taps into our brains’ natural desire to find patterns. You want to plant small, subtle clues that seem insignificant at first but start making sense later. Maybe an NPC mentions a strange symbol or there is a dusty book with a cryptic note. Something minor but provocative and ideally full of potential uses and symbolism.

    These details should feel like random pieces of the puzzle but once the mystery unravels, they all fit together perfectly. The best mysteries leave players with a moment of realization: “How did we not see this before?”

    For example:

    • Early on, a bookshop owner mentions a oddball wilderness survival customer who always buys books about mushroom foraging and toxic plants. Later, players discover the a string of poisoning murders using natural poisons.
    • A cryptic note scribbled in an NPC’s ledger might seem insignificant at first, proving a frustrating riddle. But at a later time, most information comes to light that gives it context and reveals a critical meeting location.

    Keep it subtle, though. If you overwhelm players with too many details or make the clues too obvious, you rob them of the joy of discovery. Instead, aim for cognitive dissonance: the tension between what they know and what they still need to figure out.

    Feeling Almost There, Edge of Seat

    In a good mystery, the audience often knows more than the characters (or at least feel they do). This is dramatic irony, and exploiting it is one of the best ways to keep your players on the edge of their seats. For example, you can give your players clues that feel like a huge breakthrough, but then let them realize they were wrong, or that it led them in the wrong direction. The trick here is to create tension between the perceived knowledge and the “real” state of things. Players should feel like they’re close, but not quite there yet. This builds anticipation and makes the eventual resolution all the more satisfying.

    Pacing and Layered Tension

    A well-paced mystery alternates between quiet investigation and moments of revelation or tension. Too much downtime can bore players, while constant action can feel overwhelming. Balance is key.

    • Example: After finding a key hidden in a dusty attic, players spend time theorizing where it might lead. Just as they start to feel they’re making progress, they hear footsteps… someone else has come for the same key.

    End sessions on cliffhangers when possible. Leaving players with unresolved questions taps into the Zeigarnik effect: our tendency to remember unfinished tasks. A cliffhanger doesn’t just leave them eager for the next session; it keeps the mystery alive in their minds.

    Twists That Resonate

    Great twists don’t come out of nowhere! Players should be able to look back and see how the clues fit together in retrospect. Twists that force players to reframe their understanding of the story are especially impactful.

    • Example: Players have been hunting a serial killer only to discover that the seemingly helpful NPC who’s been guiding their investigation has been orchestrating the crimes all along. Clues scattered throughout the game (an unusual knowledge of crime scenes, inconsistencies in their story) suddenly click into place.

    This technique leverages cognitive reappraisal: when new information forces a reevaluation of prior events, creating a sense of clarity and closure.

    Common Mistakes in Mystery TTRPGs

    Black and white photo of a man spilling a drink from a can against a brick wall.

    Even the best mysteries can falter if certain pitfalls aren’t avoided. Here are a few common issues and strategies to address them.

    Railroading: Let Players Be the Detectives

    Forcing players to follow a pre-determined path kills their sense of agency. The joy of a mystery comes from making choices, testing theories, and uncovering the truth their way.

    Instead of railroading, use adaptive storytelling: guide the players with flexible clues that can lead them in multiple directions. Roll with their theories and efforts, where they make sense and follow the fiction. If they miss a critical clue, don’t panic! Introduce another lead that can bring them back on track without feeling forced.

    • Example: If the players fail to find a key clue at a crime scene, have them overhear a conversation that offers them fresh leads. This keeps the story moving while preserving player freedom.

    Note: While you can run entirely player-driven mysteries, this doesn’t mean you can’t have a “real” mystery behind the curtain with a certain culprit and set of facts. The key point here is to allow players to come at the mystery from a variety of angles and approaches. Let them naturally find their way to the center of the riddle. The important key is avoiding forcing a singular path to resolution, not necessarily rewriting the mystery to fit player theories.

    Overusing Rigid Structures

    Some GMs stick too rigidly to patterns like the popular (mis)conception of the “three-clue rule”, assuming players need a specific number of clues to progress. While it’s helpful to ensure some structure and consistency, this can make mysteries feel formulaic and predictable.

    Players begin to expect the same types of clues to show up in a predictable pattern. They stop being engaged because the mystery becomes too formulaic. Avoiding too much predictability is key to creating a mystery that feels organic and surprising, like how we expect investigations to feel.

    Mix it up. Let some clues be subtle breadcrumbs, while others are game-changing revelations. Vary the number of required clues by the size and complexity of the mystery. Encourage organic exploration by scattering meaningful details throughout the environment.

    Overcomplicating the Mystery

    Complex mysteries can be engaging, but too many suspects, red herrings, or obscure details can overwhelm players. Decision fatigue sets in when they can’t keep track of the pieces or discern which leads matter.

    Simplicity doesn’t mean shallow. Start with a clear framework (like: three suspects, three locations, three critical clues) and layer depth onto these elements. Each suspect can have their own motivations and secrets, but they should tie back into the core mystery.

    • Example: A missing artifact leads players to three potential culprits. Each has a motive, but only one is secretly connected to a larger conspiracy involving a hidden cult. The focus remains on solving the central mystery, while subplots add depth without distraction.

    Player-Led Investigations

    Mysteries thrive on player engagement, but too many options or unclear direction can stall momentum. A GM’s role is to facilitate creativity while maintaining coherence.

    Encouraging Player Theories

    When players propose theories, validate their input by weaving their ideas into the narrative where plausible. Even incorrect theories can add depth to the story by inspiring new twists or refining the true solution. For instance, if players suspect an innocent NPC of wrongdoing, use their interactions to reveal a tangential clue. Reward their engagement with story developments that make their efforts feel impactful.

    Adapting on the Fly

    Players often pursue unexpected leads or overlook planned clues. Be flexible and adapt your story rather than forcing them back onto a rigid path. Reframe missed clues into later discoveries or link their improvisations to existing elements. For example, if they skip a crucial interview with a witness, that doesn’t mean it’s a dead end! As examples, you can allow them to discover a police report taking the witness statement or a friend of the witness might approach the players concerned for the witness’s safety.

    When to Give Gentle Nudges

    Sometimes players get stuck. Recognize when their frustration outweighs their engagement and introduce subtle guidance. This could be an NPC offering new information, an environmental detail catching their attention, or a flashback-style hint reminding them of a previously overlooked clue. Keep these nudges light and offer a few leads to maintain the sense that progress made is their achievement.

    Balancing Mystery with Other Gameplay Elements

    A great mystery blends investigative focus with dynamic gameplay. Too much of any one element risks boredom or fatigue, so variety is essential.

    Incorporating Action Sequences

    High-energy moments like chases, combat, or tense escapes can add excitement and break up slower investigative scenes. For instance, a rooftop chase to apprehend a fleeing informant or a sudden ambush at the suspects’ hideout can inject adrenaline while staying relevant to the mystery.

    Exploration and Worldbuilding

    Use downtime to flesh out the setting and create a lived-in world. Let players uncover side stories or environmental details that enhance immersion. A crumbling mansion might reveal its history through scattered letters, while a bustling market provides insight into cultural dynamics that inform the case.

    Collaborative Roleplay Opportunities

    Encourage players to engage with each other through in-character debates, shared theories, or personal stakes in the mystery. For example, a character with a tragic backstory might recognize parallels in the case, sparking meaningful dialogue. This collaboration deepens emotional investment and keeps everyone engaged, even during slower investigative stretches.

    Bringing Closure to Your Mystery

    A diverse team engaged in a collaborative meeting in a modern office setting with greenery.

    The resolution of a mystery is as important as its setup. Ensure the conclusion feels satisfying and meaningful for your players.

    Tying Up Loose Ends

    Address all major plot threads and ensure the players understand how the clues fit together. If any elements remain unclear, use epilogue-style narration or NPC exposition to fill in the gaps. However, avoid over-explaining; allow room for players to interpret and reflect on their findings.

    Rewarding Player Success

    Highlight how the players’ decisions, deductions, and efforts directly contributed to solving the mystery. Whether through NPC recognition, tangible rewards, or narrative closure, emphasize their agency in bringing about the resolution.

    Allowing for Ambiguity

    Not every mystery needs a perfectly neat ending. A few unanswered questions can add intrigue, especially if they set up future stories. For instance, a captured villain might hint at a greater conspiracy, or a key suspect might evade justice, leaving players eager for the next chapter.

    Post-Mystery Roleplay

    Explore the aftermath of the case. How do the solved mystery and its revelations impact the characters, NPCs, or the setting? A grieving relative might express gratitude, a vindicated suspect might seek redemption for their other sins, or a damaged location might slowly rebuild. These epilogues provide emotional weight and a sense of consequence for the players’ actions.

    The Art of Crafting Unforgettable Mysteries

    Running a mystery in a tabletop RPG is a delicate balancing act between narrative design, player freedom, and emotional engagement. The ultimate goal is to craft an experience where players feel like true detectives, piecing together clues and uncovering secrets through their own ingenuity. By focusing on subtle foreshadowing, embracing dramatic irony, and ensuring your mystery has enough space for player theories and unexpected actions, you can keep the story moving and the tension high.

    However, no mystery is complete without resolution. A well-crafted ending that ties up the major clues, rewards player success, and allows for a bit of lingering ambiguity will ensure your mystery sticks with players long after the game ends. And remember, the journey to the conclusion is just as important as the destination! Keep your players engaged with action, exploration, and roleplaying opportunities that enrich the story and deepen their connection to the world.

    Finally, don’t be afraid to let the mystery live beyond the game. How do your players react to the truth they’ve uncovered? What consequences does the resolution have on the world, and on their characters? This post-mystery roleplay can create lasting memories and spark excitement for future adventures.

    What’s the most surprising twist you’ve used in a mystery? How do you manage pacing in a mystery game? What’s your philosophy on leaving some elements of a mystery unresolved? Do you prefer a tidy ending or a lingering question for future exploration? And most of all, what do you think of this advice? Share your thoughts and experiences below in the comments or come yell about it at Rev on Bluesky.

    Be sure to also check out Part 2 and Part 3 of this series.

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