Suspension of Disbelief and Buy-In as Core Elements

Tabletop roleplaying games (TTRPGs) thrive on a delicate balance of imagination, mechanics, and collaboration. Suspension of disbelief and buy-in are foundational to this balance, but they’re often treated as secondary considerations, in contrast to how films, literature, and other art forms intuitively incorporate them. By recognizing their importance and treating them as explicit design elements, TTRPGs can more effectively immerse players in their worlds.

Over the years, the hobby has made great strides in genre emulation, yet much of it still leans toward high-level abstraction or meta-thinking. This can create a gap between the broader narrative tools provided and the grounded, intuitive moments that draw players into the story. Other art forms frequently operate on an instinctual level, drawing audiences in before deeper analysis takes over. By embracing these “low-level” approaches alongside the high-level, TTRPGs can foster richer and more immediate player experiences.

Shared Creative Agreement

Suspension of disbelief and buy-in form the mutual creative agreement between players that allows a game to come alive. They enable everyone at the table to accept the game’s internal logic, even when mechanics momentarily interrupt the narrative flow. This interplay mirrors other art forms: just as audiences accept a musical breaking into song or a fantasy novel’s improbable magic system, TTRPG players embrace dice rolls and abstract mechanics as long as they fit the narrative’s framework.

For instance, rolling to pick a lock might seem mechanical, but a well-framed description (sweat on the character’s brow, the subtle click of tumblers) transforms it into a cinematic moment. When designers and players consciously weave these framing elements into their games, the abstractions feel purposeful, even immersive. This mutual understanding strengthens collaborative storytelling, creating a more cohesive and rewarding experience for everyone at the table.

Embracing Genre Buy-In in the Arts

Storytelling in literature and film offers a wealth of inspiration for TTRPGs. In novels, genre is often signaled through tone and setting, shaping readers’ expectations without explicit instruction. A locked-room mystery instantly primes readers for clues and twists, while a dystopian sci-fi world immerses them in its bleak futurism through evocative details.

Film, too, thrives on intuitive genre signaling. A horror movie doesn’t need to explain that a dark, creaking house is dangerous; eerie music and shadowy corridors do the work. These subtle cues prompt audiences to lean into the experience, aligning their expectations with the narrative’s internal logic.

TTRPGs can harness these same principles. For example, a cyberpunk game might include neon-lit imagery, mechanics for hacking, and slang-filled prompts to immerse players in its gritty, high-tech world. At the table, GMs and players contribute by narrating in ways that align with the genre’s tone, whether it’s the desperate stakes of noir or the swashbuckling camaraderie of heroic fantasy. By consciously embedding genre elements into both design and play, TTRPGs can create intuitive, immersive experiences that rival their literary and cinematic counterparts.

High-Level and Low-Level Approaches in Genre Emulation

One of the greatest challenges in TTRPG design is balancing abstract, high-level tools with the immediate, visceral impact of low-level mechanics. High-level systems, like those found in Fate or Apocalypse World, offer broad frameworks for emulating genre. These systems encourage players to interpret moves or outcomes based on the story’s context, trusting their genre familiarity to shape the experience.

In contrast, low-level mechanics embed genre directly into gameplay. Horror games excel at this: Call of Cthulhu’s sanity meter creates a creeping sense of dread, while Dread’s Jenga tower delivers tangible, escalating tension. These mechanics require little explanation. They work instinctively, aligning players with the game’s emotional core. Striking the right balance between these approaches allows for both flexibility and immersion, catering to new players and veterans alike.

The Power of Framing

Framing is the linchpin that binds a TTRPG’s mechanics, narrative, and player buy-in. How a game presents its rules, themes, and world shapes the lens through which players engage. Consider Blades in the Dark: its mechanics for resource management mirror the desperation of its criminal protagonists, encouraging players to think like their characters. This alignment of narrative and mechanics ensures that even gamey elements feel thematically grounded.

Session zero is another powerful tool for framing. By collaboratively establishing boundaries, themes, and expectations, players create a shared understanding of the game’s tone. This collective agreement not only builds trust but also primes players for immersion, ensuring that their suspension of disbelief aligns with the game’s intended experience.

Good framing also acknowledges potential dissonance. A game with heavy themes but overly simplistic mechanics risks breaking immersion unless it explicitly addresses the gap. Thoughtful design that integrates mechanics into storytelling can mitigate these risks, creating a cohesive, harmonious experience that keeps players engaged.

Toward More Immersive and Reflective Design

TTRPGs have only begun to scratch the surface of what’s possible with genre emulation and immersion. By explicitly designing for suspension of disbelief and buy-in, games can better align mechanics and narrative, reducing the need for meta-thinking and encouraging deeper engagement. Emphasizing intuitive, genre-informed mechanics and strong framing practices can elevate the medium, making it more accessible and resonant.

What do you think? Are suspension of disbelief and buy-in given enough attention in TTRPGs? Come yell at us on Bluesky about it!