Thought Punks

Tag: Dungeons & Dragons

Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
Also be sure to check out the contrasting defense of rules lite games!

Why Complexity Isn’t a Flaw

Defending Depth, Structure, and the Joy of Mastery

Tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) offer a mix of creativity, strategy, and storytelling, but there’s often a rift between rules-light and rules-heavy systems. While the former are often celebrated for their simplicity, games like Pathfinder, Shadowrun, and Burning Wheel tend to get criticized for being too complex, with their intricate mechanics and steep learning curves. But here’s the catch: those so-called flaws are exactly what make these games so compelling.

For many players, the challenge of mastering these detailed systems becomes the most rewarding part of the game. It’s like solving a puzzle or climbing a challenging mountain, the sense of achievement from overcoming complexity is intrinsically satisfying. When we engage with rules-heavy systems, we tap into a deeper psychological drive: the desire for mastery. The process of learning and understanding these systems unlocks a level of joy that’s closely tied to human cognition. Just as we feel satisfaction in figuring out a complex game or learning a new skill, TTRPGs deliver that same intrinsic reward, but in the context of collaborative storytelling and character development.

Instead of viewing these detailed mechanics as obstacles, consider them tools, tools that open up deeper layers of strategy, creativity, and immersion. It’s not about adding friction for the sake of it; it’s about creating a rich, structured environment where players can stretch their imaginations, develop their characters, and feel the satisfaction of mastering the game’s world.

In this article, we’ll explore the criticisms that often get leveled at rules-heavy games, from fears about accessibility to worries about rigidity. But just as importantly, we’ll highlight the unique joys these systems offer, along with practical strategies for managing their complexity. Whether you’re a diehard fan of crunch or someone who’s been on the fence, join us as we dive into why rules-heavy games are more than worth the effort.

Complexity and Accessibility: A Gateway, Not a Barrier

When newcomers encounter a game like Dungeons & Dragons 4e, Burning Wheel, or Shadowrun, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the vast rulebooks and detailed mechanics. Complexity can feel like a wall that separates the casual player from the rich experiences these games promise. But here’s the thing: that complexity isn’t the problem, it’s the gateway. The challenge of mastering intricate rules isn’t a barrier; it’s what makes the eventual mastery so sweet.

This drive to conquer complexity taps directly into intrinsic motivation, a psychological principle that shows how humans gain satisfaction from overcoming challenges and developing new skills. Learning a complex game like Pathfinder isn’t just about understanding rules—it’s about unlocking a deeper level of personal achievement. When you master that spell system or tactical combat sequence, it’s not just about following the rules; it’s about owning the experience and feeling competent in the game world.

Additionally, complexity creates a psychological safety net for new players. It provides clear boundaries and guidance, eliminating much of the uncertainty that can make gaming stressful. When players understand the rules, they’re more likely to feel confident in their choices and actions. Rather than forcing players into rigid boxes, systems like Burning Wheel and D&D 4e provide structure that helps people explore within set parameters, offering both security and the freedom to be creative.

Easing People Into The Complexity

If you’re a GM introducing a rules-heavy game to new players, it’s can he helpful to start slow. A great way to ease into complexity is by running tutorial sessions. Start with simple mechanics like resolving skill checks or basic combat, and leave the more complicated elements for later. You can even break up complex systems into chunks, adding new rules gradually as the players become more comfortable.

In educational psychology, this is known as “scaffolding,” which is the process of giving learners manageable pieces of information and building on that knowledge over time. It’s an approach that works wonders at the tabletop too. For example, a GM might follow the example of video game tutorials and introduce a specific mechanic (like spellcasting) only when it becomes relevant to the story, making the learning curve feel more like a natural progression rather than an intimidating leap.

With a thoughtful approach, the complexity of rules-heavy systems becomes less daunting and more rewarding. Players can eventually look at the rulebook and see it as a map to guide them, rather than an overwhelming maze. And with that, we can dive into how these systems impact the flow and pacing of the game.

Slowed Gameplay: A Deliberate Pace for Richer Experiences

Slow gameplay often gets a bad rap in rules-heavy systems. Longer turns, intricate calculations, and drawn-out discussions can make the game feel like it’s dragging. But what if we reframed “slow” as “deliberate”? Games like Cyberpunk and Burning Wheel benefit from a slower pace because it allows for tactical depth and immersive moments. When gameplay is paced thoughtfully, it creates space for rich decision-making and a deeper connection with the story.

Just like savoring a gourmet meal instead of inhaling fast food, a slower pace allows players to really dig into the experience. When players can take their time, they are more likely to experience that “flow” state, the psychological condition where time seems to fly by because they are fully immersed in the task at hand. Whether it’s an intense negotiation or a tense battle, slowing down allows players to fully engage with the game, enjoying every moment and feeling every choice.

Moreover, this deliberate pace reduces ambiguity in decision-making. Systems like Cyberpunk or Pathfinder offer detailed rules that help GMs make consistent, predictable decisions. This clarity makes everyone feel like the game world is fair and reliable, which builds trust and enjoyment around the table.

Keeping Things Moving Smoothly

To help mitigate any frustration with the slower pace, GMs can introduce a few tools. Pre-session prep can reduce the need for constant rule-checking, and providing players with quick-reference guides or summaries can speed up gameplay significantly. Online tools, like automated character sheets or combat calculators, are great for handling mechanics without slowing down the action.

Additionally, share the load! By allowing players to track initiatives, handle minor NPC roles, or manage maps, GMs can keep the pace moving without having to micromanage every detail. It’s a team effort, and this collaborative dynamic makes the slower pace feel less like a drag and more like a shared experience.

A slow pace doesn’t have to mean a boring pace. It’s a chance to explore the world, make meaningful decisions, and build unforgettable moments. Now that we’ve seen how to keep things flowing, let’s talk about a common concern: whether the structure of rules-heavy games can stifle creativity.

Creativity Constraints: Boundaries That Spark Innovation

One of the most common criticisms of rules-heavy systems is that their detailed mechanics somehow stifle creativity. But here’s the truth: constraints breed innovation. Rather than limiting what players can do, the rules offer a framework that pushes creativity into new directions. A structured system encourages players to think critically and come up with inventive solutions, often in ways that wouldn’t emerge in a more free-form environment.

Psychologically, constraints spark problem-solving. In fact, research in creativity suggests that having boundaries forces individuals to think more creatively within those confines. Think about Shadowrun or Rifts, two iconic games known for their intricate systems and rich settings. Players aren’t restricted by the rules; they use them as tools to craft elaborate heists, intricate negotiations, and unpredictable plot twists. The rules give the players the building blocks, but the stories are theirs to create.

Many rules-heavy games also leave room for improvisation. Mechanics like D&D 5e’s Advantage/Disadvantage encourage the GM to adapt rules in ways that best serve the narrative, blending structured mechanics with flexible storytelling. This dynamic interplay gives players the space to stretch their creativity while still working within the system’s logic.

Encouraging Creativity Within Boundaries

If you want to foster creativity in a rules-heavy system, think about integrating more narrative tools. Let players contribute to the world-building process, define NPC motivations, or work together to shape the campaign. This collaborative approach creates a deeper investment in the game while preserving the complexity that makes the system so rewarding.

Also, celebrate the creative solutions players come up with. If someone uses a spell in an unexpected way or crafts a clever tactic, reward that creativity with in-game benefits like bonus XP or Inspiration Points. When players feel like their ingenuity is valued, they’ll continue to push the boundaries of what’s possible within the system.

Finally, keep flexibility in mind. Acknowledge that the GM’s role is to adapt the rules to fit the narrative. Emphasize that the system exists to support creativity, not suppress it. When players realize they can creatively bend the rules, they’ll approach the system with excitement, not frustration.

Prep Time and Similar Burdens on the GM

Yes, rules-heavy systems often require a greater investment of time upfront, but this preparation is far from a burden. In fact, for many Game Masters (GMs), the time spent setting up complex systems, fleshing out intricate worlds, and crafting layered stories is an intrinsic part of the fun. The process becomes like a puzzle in itself, offering a sense of mastery as you build a world that feels rich and lived-in. Every NPC, every location, every decision holds potential, and for those who thrive on this, it’s an incredibly fulfilling part of the experience.

This type of preparation taps into a human drive for problem-solving and mastery. The satisfaction of seeing your efforts come to life during gameplay is deeply rewarding. It’s like putting together a puzzle where every piece you fit into place is one step closer to a narrative masterpiece. Plus, with a wealth of tools available (such as pre-built modules, oracles and random charts, and collaborative world-building) GMs don’t have to go it alone. When players help design parts of the world or create their own characters’ backstories, it not only lightens the load but also fosters a deeper connection to the story. They’re not just playing in the world, they’re helping to shape it.

By embracing this preparatory work, GMs create a narrative that feels not just guided but earned, a story players can immerse themselves in and interact with on a profound level.

The Thrill of Decision-Making: Embracing Complexity Without the Stress

One of the most daunting aspects of rules-heavy systems is the sheer number of choices available. Analysis paralysis can set in, making even the simplest decision seem overwhelming. However, it’s important to recognize that the multitude of options is precisely what draws many players to these systems in the first place. Every choice presents a new opportunity to explore the full range of their character’s potential, whether it’s selecting the perfect feat, casting the right spell, or making a life-altering decision during a pivotal moment in the story. This sense of autonomy taps directly into a core psychological driver: self-determination.

In the realm of TTRPGs, the ability to make meaningful decisions enhances intrinsic motivation. And players feel more invested in a game when their actions directly influence the outcome of the story. For some, the sheer joy of optimization can be immensely satisfying. Crafting the perfect character build or navigating complex systems is akin to solving a puzzle. The pleasure comes from the challenge itself, the deeper understanding of the game’s mechanics, and the joy of refining and experimenting within a framework that rewards thoughtful engagement.

Easing Choice Paralysis

However, to keep analysis paralysis from bogging things down, a few adjustments can help. First, encourage players to prioritize narrative over mechanical optimization. Instead of asking, “What’s the best decision statistically?” ask, “What would your character do?” This helps shift the focus from pure mechanics to roleplaying, making decisions feel more intuitive. For new players, it can also be helpful to limit choices during character creation. Instead of throwing the entire compendium at them, offer a curated list of options that align with the campaign’s tone and setting. This makes it easier to focus on the fun of the game rather than getting lost in the weeds of every possible choice. Lastly, offering clear examples of how certain abilities or spells can be used creatively in combat or roleplay can guide players, giving them a sense of direction without overwhelming them with options.

Ultimately, while analysis paralysis is a valid concern, it’s just another part of the game’s rich texture. With a bit of framing and some guided support, players can enjoy the depth without feeling swamped by it. And once they get the hang of it, that sense of choice becomes part of the fun, driving them to explore their characters in new and exciting ways.

Rules Lawyering: Intellectual Fun, Not a Roadblock

The term “rules lawyering” often carries a negative connotation, but in reality, these moments of debate and discussion can be part of what makes rules-heavy games so engaging. When players and GMs get into the weeds of interpreting a rule or discussing its finer points, it’s often a sign of engagement. Far from derailing the experience, these debates reflect the deep investment players have in the system. The more they know about the rules, the more they understand the world in which they’re playing. These discussions help foster fairness and clarity in the game, ensuring that everyone is on the same page.

Psychologically, people can be deeply motivated by competence, the feeling that they’re mastering something. When players engage in rules debates, they’re showing their deep knowledge and understanding of the system. It’s a form of mastery, and this kind of intellectual engagement can feel deeply rewarding. But it’s also essential to keep these discussions from becoming disruptive. A clear structure, where the GM or table consensus has the final say, can help keep things moving smoothly.

When these moments do arise, it’s important to frame them as opportunities for collaborative problem-solving, not conflict. Shifting from “You’re wrong about that rule” to “Let’s figure this out together” turns the debate into a creative challenge, encouraging teamwork and a shared investment in the game.

Player Preferences: Finding Your Perfect System Match

At the heart of TTRPGs is an incredible diversity of systems. Just as some players gravitate toward strategy games and others toward freeform storytelling, so too do TTRPG players have different preferences. Rules-heavy systems appeal to those who find joy in complexity, strategy, and deep-world building, while rules-light systems attract those who prefer a more improvisational, narrative-driven experience. The psychology of flow plays a crucial role here, some players thrive in systems that allow them to get fully absorbed in a structured, challenging environment, while others prefer the freedom of simpler systems where the pace is quicker, and creativity flows without constraint.

This diversity in player preference is what makes the hobby so universally appealing. By allowing players to explore systems that resonate with their individual tastes, TTRPGs can forge strong, passionate communities. Players bond not only over their shared love of the game but over their shared mastery of the systems themselves. Whether you’re navigating the complexities of Shadowrun or telling an improvised tale with Index Card RPG, the joy of finding the right system for your group is undeniable.

For groups trying to balance different preferences, it’s often helpful to experiment with a variety of systems. Play a one-shot in a lighter game to introduce newcomers, then explore a more complex system when everyone feels comfortable. Having a session zero to discuss expectations and preferences for complexity and pacing ensures that everyone is aligned and excited about the journey ahead.

Embracing the Depths: Unlocking the True Joy of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs

In the world of TTRPGs, the beauty of rules-heavy systems lies in their inherent complexity—the intricate layers that reward patience, strategic thinking, and collaboration. For those who thrive on mastering systems, these games offer a level of satisfaction that simpler, rules-light games often can’t match. Every tactical decision, every character choice, and every interaction within the structured framework opens new avenues for discovery, creativity, and storytelling. The joy of mastering intricate mechanics, optimizing strategies, and navigating complex systems is a unique satisfaction that can’t be replicated elsewhere.

While these systems may seem daunting at first, they ultimately provide a deeply engaging, fulfilling experience. The initial challenges, from preparation to decision-making, only enhance the journey, transforming what could be obstacles into opportunities for growth. Whether you’re a seasoned GM or a newcomer to the hobby, the key to unlocking these rewards is embracing complexity with the right mindset. With thoughtful preparation, clear communication, and a flexible approach, rules-heavy games can unfold into rich, immersive worlds where players are free to explore, innovate, and create.

So, the next time someone questions the depth of a rules-heavy game, remember: complexity isn’t a hindrance—it’s an opportunity. An opportunity to dive into a world that challenges, rewards, and enriches your experience in ways simpler systems can’t. With the right tools and mindset, these games open the door to unforgettable adventures, deeper engagement, and stories that feel truly earned.

What about you? Do you love to master the mechanics and embrace the challenge? Do you find joy in the depth, complexity, and collaboration that rules-heavy systems offer? How do you navigate the richness of rules-heavy games? Leave a comment below or come yell at Rev about it on Bluesky!

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January 2, 2025
Rebutting the Criticisms of Rules-Light Systems
Also be sure to check out the contrasting defense of rules heavy systems!

A Case for Simplicity and Accessibility

Rules-light tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) like Lasers & Feelings and Risus are often dismissed as overly simplistic, with critics claiming they shift too much work onto Game Masters (GMs) and fail to provide the structure needed for satisfying gameplay. But what if the very traits being criticized are actually the keys to their success?

Humans are natural storytellers. From improvised games of make-believe to spontaneous party games, we thrive on simple frameworks that let creativity flourish. Rules-light systems tap into this innate ability, offering a flexible canvas for narrative-driven play. The simplicity isn’t a flaw, it’s a feature designed to empower players and GMs alike by stripping away unnecessary complexity.

Rather than burdening GMs, these systems reduce cognitive load, eliminate hours of prep, and invite everyone at the table to share in shaping the story. Let’s explore why these games are not only manageable but liberating, and why many criticisms stem from assumptions rooted in traditional TTRPG design.

Reducing Cognitive Load: Why Simplicity Eases the Burden on GMs

Critics of rules-light systems often argue that they force GMs to make constant rulings and interpretations, potentially leading to decision fatigue. However, this overlooks the key benefit of simplicity: reduced cognitive load. Rules-light games like Lasers & Feelings and Risus free the GM from the complexity of stat blocks, modifiers, and intricate mechanics, allowing them to focus on the creative aspects of storytelling.

Streamlined Mechanics

Traditional systems demand GMs juggle stat blocks and detailed combat mechanics. In contrast, rules-light systems simplify these elements, focusing only on the essentials. For instance, an NPC or encounter might be reduced to a single descriptive phrase or a basic die roll, removing the need for exhaustive preparation. This reduced complexity allows the GM to make decisions more quickly and intuitively, freeing up mental space for creativity.

Natural Adaptability

Humans are naturally inclined toward storytelling and improvisation. In rules-light games, GMs rely on their natural creativity rather than memorizing rules. This taps into the brain’s inherent ability to make quick, adaptive decisions based on mental schemas, facilitating smoother gameplay. With less rule-based friction, GMs can focus on the narrative and character-driven moments, which are key to engaging players.

To enhance this natural adaptability, many GMs use tools like random generators, templates, oracles, or pre-prepared prompts. For example, random event tables or NPC generators can provide quick inspiration during gameplay, while narrative templates and answer oracles can guide story progression. Systems like Ironsworn or Motif integrate such tools directly into their design, offering structured ways to spark creativity without adding mechanical complexity. By equipping themselves with these aids, GMs can navigate ambiguity with confidence, ensuring that the story remains engaging and dynamic even when improvisation is required.

Tools For Bridging Gaps

While rules-light games rely on minimal mechanics, they don’t leave GMs without support. Many systems include optional guidelines or supplementary resources to help handle ambiguity. For instance, Motif uses dice-driven prompts to guide narrative decisions, while Ironsworn employs oracle tables to fill in story gaps. Such tools reduce the pressure on GMs by providing a scaffold for improvisation, ensuring that decisions align with the game’s tone and direction.

By combining simplicity with these aids, rules-light systems empower GMs to focus on the flow of the game and the shared story rather than the minutiae of mechanics. Far from being a source of stress, minimal rules create an environment where flexibility and creativity thrive, supported by practical tools that keep the experience accessible and engaging.

Empowering GMs: Flexibility and Player-Driven Storytelling

Rules-light systems empower GMs by providing the freedom to adapt and respond to the story as it unfolds. Instead of sifting through rulebooks to resolve situations, GMs can make quick, intuitive decisions that are in harmony with the narrative.

No Need for Extensive Prep

In rules-light systems like Lasers & Feelings or Risus, GMs don’t need to create detailed stat blocks for every NPC or monster. A “villain” can be defined by a simple die rating or a core concept, which keeps the focus on their role in the story rather than the mechanics behind them. This approach reduces cognitive strain and prep time, allowing the GM to stay engaged with the story and react dynamically. With fewer spoons exhausted and more free mental processing space, GMs can devote more attention to the unfolding fiction at the table.

Player-Driven Worlds

By giving players more control over their characters and the world, rules-light systems create a collaborative narrative. This shared storytelling reduces the GM’s burden of having to manage every aspect of the game. Players, in turn, help shape the story with their actions and choices, making the narrative develop organically. This collaboration also taps into social psychological principles, like the need for agency and belonging, which helps keep everyone invested and engaged without overwhelming the GM.

Experienced Gamers May Misinterpret Rules-Light Systems

Rules-light systems are often seen as more challenging by experienced gamers because they bring preconceptions from traditional, rules-heavy systems. These assumptions can lead to unnecessary confusion and difficulty in adapting. However, these systems also offer unique opportunities for seasoned players to explore new dimensions of gameplay.

Preconceptions About Structure

Players and GMs accustomed to detailed, rigid frameworks may feel disoriented when those structures are absent. They might start overcomplicating the light mechanics, seeking “missing” rules that simply don’t exist. This reaction often stems from a reliance on the cognitive ease of structure, where having more rules feels like it provides certainty. In contrast, rules-light systems require a mindset shift toward embracing simplicity and creative interpretation.

Adapting to Flexibility

For many, the lack of defined mechanics for every scenario can feel uncomfortable. However, it’s this very flexibility that makes rules-light games accessible, especially for newer players and GMs. Once the mental switch is made, GMs can focus on dynamic storytelling instead of rigid rules, and players are encouraged to engage more creatively. Psychological studies show that people adapt faster to environments where they can exercise more control, which is why rules-light and simple narrative-driven systems often feel more fluid and enjoyable once the initial hurdle is overcome.

Rules-Light as a Creative Break

For experienced players, rules-light games can serve as a refreshing departure from the mechanical complexity of traditional systems. These games allow players and GMs to shift their focus from rules mastery to experimental storytelling, encouraging new ways to engage with the narrative. For instance, a group that typically plays detailed systems like Dungeons & Dragons or Pathfinder might use a rules-light game like Fate Accelerated Edition or Index Card RPG for a one-shot adventure centered on character development or improvisational storytelling.

Tips for Moving From Heavier to Lighter Games

For players accustomed to heavier mechanics, transitioning to rules-light systems can be smoother with a few adjustments:
- Incorporate Optional Add-Ons: Many rules-light games, such as Fate, provide optional rules or modular expansions that add layers of complexity without undermining the system’s simplicity.
- House Rule Tailoring: Groups can create or adapt house rules to address specific needs or preferences. For example, adding a light resource management mechanic or a more structured initiative system can help bridge the gap for players who crave a bit more structure.
- Experiment with Short Campaigns: Start with shorter or standalone adventures to ease into the rules-light mindset. This lowers the stakes while giving players a chance to adjust to the new style.
By approaching rules-light systems with flexibility and an experimental spirit, experienced gamers can unlock their potential as tools for both creative expression and narrative exploration.

Accessibility for Newcomers and GMs

One of the biggest advantages of rules-light systems is their ability to welcome newcomers, making tabletop role-playing games more accessible than ever before.

Ease of Learning

Games like Risus are ideal for beginners because they don’t require players or GMs to memorize complex rules. With minimal mechanics to keep track of, everyone can focus on the storytelling and their roles within the game. This simplicity reduces the cognitive load on new players, allowing them to engage with the game without feeling overwhelmed. Additionally, newcomers can quickly understand how their actions translate into the game world, fostering a smoother learning curve and allowing for more immersive play.

Social and Psychological Benefits

Rules-light systems tap into our natural inclination for storytelling and playacting, which reduces the fear of “getting it wrong”. Players don’t have to worry about following exact rule interpretations or memorizing every detail. Instead, they can lean into creative decision-making and collaboration, which makes the experience less intimidating. Psychology shows that when people are given freedom to act and create in social settings, they experience lower levels of anxiety and more positive social engagement. This is why rules-light systems help players (especially new ones) feel more confident in their decisions, making them more likely to dive into the narrative and build the story together.

Addressing the “Burden on the GM” Critique

Critics often argue that rules-light games shift too much of the workload onto the GM, but this critique overlooks a crucial point: complex systems typically place a much heavier burden on GMs, requiring significant time and effort for preparation and rule adjudication. What’s often ignored in this discussion is how rules-light systems can support not only one-shots but also deep, long-term campaigns that engage players just as effectively as their rules-heavy counterparts.

Rules-Heavy Games Demand More Prep

In traditional, rules-heavy games, GMs can easily spend hours prepping for a single session. They have to craft detailed encounters, create stat blocks for every NPC or monster, and plan for a variety of contingencies. Rules-light systems, by contrast, eliminate much of this burden. With only a few core mechanics and flexible guidelines, GMs can improvise and adapt in real-time, saving time and mental energy.

This flexibility doesn’t come at the expense of depth. Systems like Fate Accelerated Edition demonstrate that minimal mechanics can still support long-term campaigns by encouraging collaborative worldbuilding, story arcs, and meaningful character development. The focus often shifts to narrative prompts and emergent storylines, allowing the players and GM to co-create evolving arcs. This approach reduces the need for extensive stat tracking while still delivering the kind of rich, layered stories associated with longer campaigns.

Freedom to Be Creative

Rather than constraining GMs with rigid rules, the minimal structure in rules-light systems empowers them to be more creative. With fewer rules to keep track of, GMs have the freedom to guide the story organically, responding to player actions and the evolving narrative. This fluidity allows for spontaneous storytelling and lets GMs make decisions based on the context of the moment, rather than trying to adhere to pre-established rules or mechanics.

For campaigns, this creativity can translate into the development of recurring villains, shifting alliances, or thematic story arcs, all without the need for complex mechanics. For example, GMs in Fate Accelerated Edition can deepen the gameplay by using simple “Aspects” and “Fate Points” to represent evolving character motivations or world changes. This means the focus remains on the story’s progression, rather than the mechanical grind of advancement.

Embracing the Light: Tips for GMs and Players

Transitioning to rules-light systems can be a refreshing change for both Game Masters (GMs) and players, offering a more flexible and narrative-driven experience. To facilitate this transition, consider the following strategies:

Interpreting Ambiguous Rules

Rules-light systems often leave room for interpretation, which can be both liberating and challenging. To navigate this:
- Establish Table-Specific Guidelines: Before gameplay, discuss and agree upon how to handle common scenarios. This consensus ensures consistency and reduces confusion during sessions. For instance, decide how to resolve contested actions or handle unexpected player choices.
- Embrace Flexibility: Understand that ambiguity is a feature, not a flaw. Use it as an opportunity to enhance creativity and adapt the game to the group’s preferences.
Encouraging Collaborative Decision-Making

Sharing the responsibility of rulings can enrich the gaming experience:
- Involve Players in Adjudication: When uncertain situations arise, involve players in the decision-making process. This collaborative approach fosters a sense of ownership and investment in the story.
- Promote Open Communication: Encourage players to voice their interpretations and suggestions. This dialogue can lead to innovative solutions and a more dynamic narrative.
Utilizing Supplements to Aid Improvisation

While rules-light systems are designed for flexibility, certain tools can enhance the experience:
- Random Generators: Utilize game tools that generate NPCs, plot hooks, or encounters, or provide answers to questions. These can serve as inspiration during sessions.
- Templates and Charts: Prepare templates for common scenarios (e.g., combat, social interactions) and charts for random events or outcomes. These resources can streamline gameplay and reduce decision fatigue.
- Prebuilt Story Seeds: Have a collection of story hooks or plot outlines ready to introduce new arcs or challenges, ensuring the narrative remains engaging.
By implementing these strategies, GMs and players can effectively embrace the flexibility of rules-light systems, leading to a more enjoyable and collaborative tabletop role-playing experience.

Long-Term Campaigns in Rules-Light Systems

Critics often argue that rules-light systems lack the depth necessary for sustaining long-term campaigns. However, many such systems are designed to support extended play by emphasizing narrative progression over mechanical complexity.

Story Progression Over Mechanical Advancement

In rules-light games, character and campaign development are driven by the evolving narrative rather than intricate mechanics. This approach allows for deep character arcs, complex storylines, and rich world-building without the need for extensive rules. For instance, in Fate Accelerated Edition, character Aspects and the use of Fate Points facilitate significant growth and change through storytelling choices, enabling campaigns to develop organically over time.

Optional Layers of Complexity for Campaigns

Some rules-light systems offer optional rules or modular expansions to add depth for longer campaigns. For example, Into the Odd provides straightforward mechanics but can be expanded with additional content to introduce more complexity as needed. Similarly, Knave is designed to be minimalist yet allows for the incorporation of more detailed rules to suit the preferences of the gaming group. These flexible frameworks enable groups to tailor the game to their desired level of complexity, supporting sustained engagement over extended play.

Narrative Tools to Maintain Engagement

To keep long-term campaigns engaging, GMs can employ various narrative techniques that supplement the minimalist rules:
- Recurring NPCs: Introducing characters who appear throughout the campaign can create a sense of continuity and deepen the story. Their evolving relationships with the player characters add layers to the narrative.
- Thematic Arcs: Developing overarching themes or story arcs provides direction and purpose, encouraging players to invest in the long-term progression of the campaign.
- Player-Driven Plots: Allowing players to influence the direction of the story fosters a collaborative environment where their choices have meaningful impacts, enhancing engagement.
By focusing on these narrative elements, rules-light systems can facilitate rich, immersive experiences that are sustainable over long-term play. The flexibility inherent in these systems allows for adaptability and creativity, ensuring that both players and GMs remain engaged throughout the campaign.

Recognizing Challenges and Limitations

Vital Caveat: It is important to recognize that the flexibility of rules-light systems can be daunting for some GMs and players. The lack of rigid structures or comprehensive mechanics might leave newer or less confident participants feeling uncertain about how to proceed. Ambiguity in rules can lead to decision paralysis for the GM or disagreements among players about how to resolve certain situations.

For those accustomed to the guidance of more detailed systems, adapting to the open-ended nature of rules-light play may require a significant mindset shift. These challenges, while real, can also be opportunities for creativity and growth. Rules-light systems encourage problem-solving, collaboration, and improvisation, which can be highly rewarding for those willing to embrace the learning curve.

It’s important to note that no TTRPG system or preference is universally “better” than others. Preferences vary based on playstyles, group dynamics, and the goals of the campaign. For those who thrive on structured mechanics, rules-heavy systems may feel like a better fit. Meanwhile, for groups seeking spontaneity and shared storytelling, rules-light games offer a unique and engaging alternative. Ultimately, the best system is the one that resonates with your table’s needs and enhances your collective experience.

Rules-Light Games Are a Feature, Not a Flaw

Rules-light systems are not a limitation! They are a gateway to more creative, fluid, and engaging tabletop role-playing. By stripping away unnecessary complexity, these systems free GMs and players from the burdens of rule-checking and number-crunching, allowing them to dive directly into the heart of the story.

For GMs, this means less time spent on preparation and more time spent crafting memorable, player-driven narratives. And for campaigns, the depth doesn’t have to come from more rules! It can emerge from rich character arcs, evolving storylines, and the natural interplay between players and the GM. Systems like Motif, Risus, Index Card RPG, Caltrop Core, and Fate Accelerated Edition exemplify how minimal mechanics can provide frameworks that support these deeper narratives without requiring extensive rulebooks.

Critics of rules-light games often misinterpret their simplicity as a weakness. The reality is that these systems empower GMs to adapt on the fly, lean into their improvisational skills, and foster collaboration. There’s no need to adhere to rigid frameworks or preordained scenarios. Rules-light games thrive on spontaneity, player-driven decisions, and creative problem-solving, making them easier to run for many (including many newcomers), not harder.

In fact, the real challenge for players and GMs alike is unlearning the assumptions carried over from traditional, more detailed systems. Once you let go of the need for complex systems and embrace the power of simplicity, you’ll discover that less really can be more: more freedom, more creativity, and more meaningful stories. Whether for one-shots or long-term campaigns, rules-light systems are an opportunity for fun, flexibility, and adventure.

What’s your experience with rules-light systems? Do they enhance your gameplay, or do you prefer the depth of traditional systems? Share your thoughts and let’s discuss! Comment below or come yell at Rev about it on Bluesky!
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December 30, 2024
Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)
This entry is part 1 of 5 in the series RPG Theory
Novice TTRPG Players and Simple Guidance

You should go make a game with Caltrop Core, maybe.

One of the great paradoxes I’ve noticed in TTRPGs is that newer players don’t always need the extensive examples and explanations that seasoned gamers often request. It’s fascinating how the learning process can differ so much depending on experience level. While experienced players may want every detail laid out to navigate complex systems, novice players tend to do just fine with simpler, more straightforward instructions. So why is that?

To really understand why this is, we have to look at how cognitive psychology, gaming culture, and design philosophy come into play. New players are engaging with the game in a fresh way, while veterans approach things with a wealth of past experiences and mental models already in place. This combination of factors explains why simple rules can be so effective for new players, but also why they might leave veterans wanting more.

Cognitive Load Management

Starting out in TTRPGs can be overwhelming. New players are diving into an entirely new hobby, and everything is unfamiliar. From understanding the game’s goals to figuring out how to roleplay effectively, there’s a lot to take in. The key to helping them succeed is to reduce cognitive load, essentially not bombarding them with too much information at once. By simplifying what players need to process, you create a more approachable and enjoyable entry point.

That’s why simple, streamlined rules work so well. New players don’t need to memorize a bunch of rules upfront; they only need the basics to get started. Systems like Fate Accelerated or Lasers & Feelings are perfect for this! They’re rules-light, accessible, and let players focus on having fun without getting bogged down by details. These systems also encourage players to explore their creativity without the intimidation of complex mechanics, fostering a sense of accomplishment early on.

With cognitive load under control, players can dive into the game right away. Which itself enables more easily experiencing the game firsthand, which is often the most effective and engaging way for players to understand how it all fits together.

Learning Through Play

For new players, a good way to learn is often by diving in and engaging directly. Behavioral modeling plays a huge role here. Watching others navigate mechanics, solve problems, and roleplay their characters helps new players build an intuitive understanding of the game.

It’s one thing to read about how a skill check works; it’s another to see someone roll the dice and react in real time. Whether it’s observing how a seasoned GM handles a tricky situation or seeing another player bring their character to life, learning through example is incredibly effective.

This isn’t limited to group play, either. Even in solo roleplaying, the act of playing and reflecting on how it feels is a powerful teacher. Experimenting with the rules, testing out scenarios, and seeing what clicks provides valuable feedback that can’t be replicated by simply reading a manual. It’s all about learning through doing, which resonates deeply with how human psychology is wired.

At its core, experiential learning is the heart of this process. Picking up a new hobby or skill is all about practice, getting in there, trying things out, and gradually getting better. TTRPGs are uniquely suited to this, offering a mix of structure and flexibility that encourages players to jump in and learn as they go.

But what truly sets new players apart is their flexibility. Without years of preconceived notions or expectations, they often adapt more quickly to the rules and find creative ways to engage with the game. This adaptability is a powerful asset, allowing them to embrace simple guidance and make the most of the experience.

Adaptability

What’s amazing about new players is their adaptability. They haven’t been trained to expect certain complexities, and that’s a huge advantage. Without preconceived notions about how rules “should” work, they’re open to whatever the system throws at them. With fewer expectations, they can engage with simple rules without overthinking them, allowing for a more organic experience. This flexibility makes them more open to experimentation and less likely to get caught up in analysis paralysis over myriad options.

The Tabula Rasa effect is big here. Novices often approach rules with fresh eyes, making them open to experimentation. Conversely, experienced players may often compare rules to prior systems and/or hold certain assumptions. Graceful degradation is something newer players excel at as a result. Novices will often default to common sense and broad principles, as well as more often collapse to core rules. Seasoned gamers will look for more nuance, more often look for edge cases, and generally expect more direct guidance.

The Takeaway for Game Designers

For game designers, the lesson is clear: Keep things simple. New players thrive when they can engage with the game without getting overwhelmed by complex rules or excessive explanations. A system that emphasizes simplicity and encourages learning through play will help novices feel confident and enjoy their experience right from the start.

Experienced Players and the Need for Detailed Guidance

Complexity Preference

For seasoned players, simplicity can sometimes feel like a limitation. After years of playing more complex systems, many veterans crave the depth and nuance that come with detailed rules. They want to be able to dive deep into the mechanics, optimize characters, and explore all the strategic options available.

Systems like Pathfinder and Shadowrun thrive in this space. They offer a level of granularity and choice that challenges experienced players and rewards those who enjoy analyzing every aspect of the game. These systems activate analytical thinking, rewarding those who relish strategic complexity. They also often reward system mastery, which encourages a desire for deep rules understandings.

Desire for Comprehensive Understanding

Experienced players often seek clarity on edge cases and exceptions. They need detailed rules and examples to navigate these situations confidently. For them, the finer points of a system matter, especially when the game isn’t going according to the usual script. A system that provides clarity on the exceptions and intricacies helps them play with confidence, ensuring that no one gets stuck in a situation where they’re unsure of how to proceed.

The can also want clarity on edge cases and exceptions because these often define the boundaries of creativity within the game. Detailed examples allow experienced players to confidently navigate unusual scenarios, ensuring they can “play to the rules” without stalling gameplay. In addition, gamers accustomed to systems like Dungeons & Dragons may expect clear guidance for adjudicating specific situations. Understanding this prior experience is key for seasoned gamers.

Integration with Prior Knowledge

Veteran players come into a game with a wealth of experience, so they’re naturally comparing new systems to the ones they already know. They’ve built mental models (or “schemas”) of how TTRPGs “should” work, and if the new system doesn’t align with those expectations, it can cause confusion.

Discrepancies between these expectations and a new game’s mechanics can lead to frustration without sufficient explanation. A well-designed system can acknowledge this by providing clear explanations of how it differs from other games or being very clear about its own nuances. Without these distinctions, experienced players may feel lost or frustrated trying to figure out how things work.

Challenges with Simple Rules for Experienced Players

Overinterpretation

Experienced players often struggle with simple systems because they assume there’s more complexity hidden in the rules. When the system feels too straightforward, they begin to look for deeper meaning or “unspoken” rules. This overthinking can lead to confusion, especially when the simplicity they encounter doesn’t match their mental models.

Cognitive Rigidity

Another challenge is cognitive rigidity. Long-time TTRPG players can become so accustomed to the intricacies of complex systems or robust presentations that transitioning to something simpler or more direct can feel like a step backward. Research indicates that experts in any field can develop a rigidity that limits their ability to adapt to new frameworks; this same psychological principle applies to TTRPGs. This rigidity can make it hard to adapt to lighter systems and simpler explanations that don’t provide the same level of depth they’re used to.

Expectation of Depth

Veterans can expect games to offer rich, strategic gameplay. They are often come to anticipate a certain level of complexity in gameplay and/or detail in rulebooks. Simpler texts may seem “shallow” to them, leaving them unsatisfied. They can feel those lighter books are lacking the intricate balance or emergent possibilities of more robust frameworks and explanations.

Balancing Rule Presentation for Different Players

Layered Rulebooks

One way to meet the needs of both novice and experienced players is to present rules in layers. Start with the core mechanics, keep it simple and easy to digest. Then add deeper, optional rules for those who want them. This approach lets new players engage without feeling overwhelmed while still providing the depth that experienced players crave.

However, balancing this can be tricky. If the rules aren’t organized well, it can feel like you’re constantly flipping through pages to find the right information, which can be frustrating.

Integrated Examples

Including examples directly in the text helps everyone, regardless of experience level. Novices benefit from seeing the rules in action, and experienced players appreciate examples that clarify edge cases. The key here is to keep examples relevant to all types of players, showing how the rules can be applied in different contexts.

This requires a balance of keeping it simple and direct for new players, while providing the clarity and nuance more seasoned players crave. There is also the pressure to maintain the text flow and usefulness as a reference, favoring conciseness that may sacrifice some nuance or detail.

Encouraging Exploration

Another way to bridge the gap between new and experienced players is by encouraging creativity within a structured system. Games that offer flexibility while still keeping things clear and simple can appeal to both groups. Designing systems that promote creativity within clear boundaries can engage both new and seasoned players, accommodating different preferences for complexity.

Systems like Powered by the Apocalypse do this well. New players get to co-create the story alongside the GM, while veteran players can still engage with the rules in a deeper, strategic way. It’s the best of both worlds.

A Few Final Thoughts

The Role of Player Psychology

The psychology of TTRPG players varies greatly. New players are often more risk-tolerant and excited to explore, while experienced players regularly seek mastery and optimization. These different approaches to the game highlight the importance of balancing rules in a way that caters to both. The more we understand these tendencies, the better we can design games that speak to a wider audience.

The Evolution of TTRPG Culture

TTRPGs have evolved a lot over the years, with indie games gaining traction and traditional systems like Dungeons & Dragons continuing to thrive. This diversity in gaming culture means that players bring different expectations based on their experiences. Designers need to be aware of these cultural shifts and cater to the broad spectrum of preferences.

Game Master Dynamics

The role of the GM also changes depending on experience. Novice GMs can benefit from systems that allow flexibility and creativity. Their lack of assumptions, along with the accompanying openness and adaptability, is their great strength. In contrast, veteran GMs typically look for more robust tools that help with complex storytelling and adjudicating rules. Their experience and system mastery, with the knowledge and rules familiarity they provide, form their strong points. Understanding these differences is key to making a game that works for all GMs.

OK, Actual Final Thoughts

The interplay between simplicity and complexity in TTRPG design reflects not only player experience levels but also evolving cultural and cognitive preferences. Novices often thrive on minimalist guidance that reduces cognitive load, encourages exploration, and builds confidence. Veterans, on the other hand, oft demand nuanced mechanics, detailed examples, and robust systems that align with their mental models and expectations.

However, this is all variable and nuanced based on the tabletop roleplaying game niche they embrace, their general mindset and preferences, and their overall experience. Game designers can meet these diverse needs through thoughtful layering of rules, embedded examples, and systems that balance creativity with clarity. Understanding the psychology and preferences of different player groups enables inclusive designs that enrich the TTRPG experience for everyone.

And as always, I’d love to hear your thoughts on this! Leave a comment here and/or come scream at me about it on Bluesky.

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December 21, 2024
TTRPG Mechanics Model: Granularity, Modularity, Connectivity, Fidelity
This entry is part 4 of 5 in the series RPG Theory
Understanding TTRPG Design Through Four Overlapping Scales

When discussing tabletop RPGs, terms like “crunch” or “narrative focus” frequently arise. While useful, these discussions can become muddled, lacking a structured way to examine what makes each game unique. To frame this conversation, we can use a model of four overlapping scales: granularity, modularity, connectivity, and fidelity. Each of these represents a distinct axis of design, shaping how we experience and engage with games.

Let’s break down each scale and explore how they influence play.

1. Granularity (aka “Crunch”)

Granularity measures how detailed a game’s mechanics are. High-granularity systems, like GURPS or Pathfinder, offer intricate rules that cover a broad array of situations, from combat maneuvers to nuanced skill checks. On the other hand, low-granularity games like FATE or Lasers & Feelings simplify mechanics, focusing on streamlined gameplay. The level of granularity directly impacts pacing and player focus, influencing whether the experience feels like a tactical simulation or an improvisational story.
- High granularity: Provides clarity and structure but often slows down play with extensive rules. These systems excel when precision and fairness are crucial, such as in detailed simulations or competitive campaigns.
- Low granularity: Prioritizes narrative flow and accessibility, sacrificing precision for speed and creativity. Minimalist rules can empower players to improvise and lean into storytelling.
Granularity’s importance depends on player preferences. High granularity caters to those who enjoy mastering detailed mechanics or exploring tactical depth. Conversely, players seeking fast-paced, story-driven sessions might prefer the flexibility of low-granularity systems.

The interaction between granularity and other scales is key. For example, high granularity often pairs well with high fidelity when realism is a goal, as in games like Call of Cthulhu. However, it might clash with high connectivity when detailed mechanics interfere with narrative immersion.

2. Modularity

Modularity examines whether a game’s mechanics can function independently or integrate additional subsystems without disrupting the core rules. While modular games excel in flexibility and customizability, tightly integrated systems maintain consistency and reinforce their themes.
- High modularity: Games like Dungeons & Dragons thrive here, allowing the addition of feats, crafting systems, or optional rules without breaking the foundation. This adaptability has enabled D&D’s long-lasting popularity and its ability to support various playstyles and genres.
- Low modularity: Systems like Blades in the Dark or Apocalypse World have tightly integrated mechanics that are harder to separate or tweak without losing the intended experience. These games rely on focused systems that ensure every rule reinforces the theme.
High modularity supports flexibility and customization, enabling GMs and players to tailor the experience to their preferences. This is especially valuable in long-running campaigns or for groups with specific narrative or mechanical interests. In contrast, low modularity ensures a unified play experience where every rule contributes to the game’s thematic and narrative goals.

For example, a modular game like GURPS allows players to create entirely new genres or settings, while a low-modularity game like Blades in the Dark deeply intertwines its heist mechanics with its narrative, making it harder to adapt without losing its essence.

3. Connectivity

Connectivity refers to how closely the game’s mechanics link to its setting or story. High connectivity fosters immersion, embedding players deeply in the game world. However, low connectivity can allow the same system to support wildly different stories.
- High connectivity: Games like Apocalypse World tie their mechanics directly to narrative beats and thematic elements. Moves in these systems feel intrinsically tied to the world and its flavor, creating a strong sense of immersion.
- Low connectivity: Systems like Savage Worlds or GURPS use universal mechanics designed to adapt across genres, settings, or styles. Their flexibility allows for a wide variety of stories but can result in a less immersive experience.
Mechanics in high connectivity games are designed to evoke the tone, mood, and flavor of the setting. Conversely, low-connectivity systems prioritize flexibility, enabling creators to use the same mechanics across multiple genres and settings.

An excellent example of high connectivity is Call of Cthulhu, where the Sanity system deeply reflects its themes of cosmic horror. In contrast, Savage Worlds or GURPS offers flexibility, allowing players to jump from pulp adventure to hard science fiction without needing entirely new rules.

Call of Cthulhu and Pendragon (also from Chaosium) also reflect an interesting intersection: low connectivity systems can be developed into high connectivity games. BRP is a generic roleplaying system that both use. However, their implementations are high connectivity with the way Sanity is integrated in CoC and the way morality is directly tied into the mechanics for Pendragon.

4. Fidelity

Fidelity measures how well a game’s rules express its core genre or themes. High fidelity creates genre-rich experiences but may alienate those unfamiliar with its style. Low fidelity broadens accessibility, making it easier to approach but sometimes losing specific thematic weight.
- High fidelity: A game like Call of Cthulhu uses its Sanity mechanics to evoke the horror of cosmic dread, weaving the theme into every aspect of play.
- Low fidelity: Systems with generic mechanics, such as FATE, prioritize versatility over thematic depth. While these games can be tailored to fit many genres, they may not evoke specific moods as strongly as high-fidelity systems.
High fidelity creates genre-rich experiences but may alienate those unfamiliar with its style or unwilling to embrace its thematic focus. Low fidelity broadens accessibility, allowing games to be more flexible and replayable across genres.

The impact of fidelity on play can be profound. A high-fidelity game like Cthulhu Dark leverages simplicity to heighten its horror themes, while a low-fidelity system like FATE allows players to create settings and genres tailored to their specific desires, at the expense of specific thematic resonance.

Clarity: Distinguishing Connectivity and Fidelity

Connectivity and fidelity are closely related with some overlap, but are nevertheless distinct aspects of TTRPG design. Connectivity is focused on how mechanics push the narrative forward, how they shape and influence the story. Games with high connectivity, like Apocalypse World, have mechanics that tie directly to the development of the story and its characters, driving the narrative momentum.

Fidelity, however, is about how well a game’s mechanics represent its core genre or theme. High-fidelity games, such as Blades in the Dark, reinforce the setting’s dark, gritty nature through mechanics like stress and trauma, which emphasize the risks and emotional weight of the game’s actions. Morality and corruption mechanics are also often high fidelity, but also quite often only drive the narrative forward by their interpreted consequences and future play rather than a direct high connectivity narrative mechanic (Vampire: The Masquerade presents a good example).

Fidelity isn’t just about advancing the story; it’s about enhancing the mood and emotional engagement with the genre or game concept itself. The key difference is that while connectivity is about narrative flow and how the mechanics influence the direction of the story, fidelity is about how deeply the mechanics immerse players in the themes and atmosphere of the setting.

Why These Scales Matter

Each game balances these scales differently, creating unique experiences for players and GMs. For example:
- A gritty cyberpunk game might lean heavily into high granularity, high connectivity, and high fidelity to emphasize its dystopian tone.
- A pulpy adventure game might favor modularity and low granularity for fast-paced, action-packed play.
Games that deliberately subvert these scales often create surprising or innovative experiences. For instance:
- A modular, low-fidelity system like early D&D used in a thematic setting like Dragonlance.
- A rules-lite, high-fidelity system like Cthulhu Dark, where simplicity reinforces the core horror theme.
By recognizing how these scales interact, designers and players can make intentional choices that suit their desired play experience. Balancing granularity, modularity, connectivity, and fidelity allows for rich, varied TTRPG experiences that cater to diverse preferences and playstyles.

What do you think about this model? How do you see these factors? Poke us on Bluesky and let us know!

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December 14, 2024
Immersion and Authoring in TTRPGs
This entry is part 5 of 5 in the series RPG Theory
Immersion and Authoring: Two Pillars of TTRPG Playstyles

When exploring RPG mechanics and playstyles, two concepts frequently come to mind: immersion and authoring. These approaches are central to how we experience and create stories, yet they lead to profoundly different player experiences. Understanding their nuances can deepen appreciation for tabletop role-playing games and help both players and game masters refine their craft. Let’s dive into these ideas and how they shape the way we play.

What is Immersion in TTRPGs?

Immersion is all about being present in the game world. It’s the feeling of stepping into your character’s shoes, seeing through their eyes, and reacting instinctively to their circumstances. This playstyle emphasizes an almost method-actor-like approach to gameplay. The goal is to lose oneself in the character’s experiences.
- It’s visceral and emotional, pulling players into the moment-to-moment experiences of their characters.
- A deeply immersive scene might involve feeling your heart race during a tense negotiation or aching with loss after a companion’s betrayal.
Think of immersion as an actor completely inhabiting their role, their decisions flowing naturally from the character’s perspective. For example, in a dangerous dungeon crawl, an immersive player might worry about their dwindling torchlight not because of the mechanics, but because their character would feel that same anxiety. Immersion prioritizes instinct over meta-thinking, pushing players to engage deeply with the fiction and their character’s emotional world.

The key strength of immersion lies in its ability to create intense personal connections to the story. However, this focus on “in-the-moment” play can occasionally lead to tension if other players or the game master adopt a more meta or narrative-driven approach. Still, for those who thrive on emotional and visceral role-playing, immersion offers a uniquely rewarding experience.

What is Authoring in TTRPGs?

Authoring, by contrast, is about crafting the broader narrative. This playstyle encourages players to take a step back, view the story as a whole, and make decisions based on dramatic or thematic impact. It’s an approach that treats the game as a shared storytelling canvas, where each decision is a brushstroke.
- It’s about asking, “What would make this moment more engaging or memorable for everyone?”
- For example, an authoring player in a negotiation scene might say, “What if I make a bold, unexpected offer to heighten tension?”
Authoring feels like being the director of a play, consciously shaping arcs and scenes for maximum impact. Instead of being solely concerned with their character’s perspective, authoring players consider the needs of the group and the story. For instance, they might create a rivalry with another character, not because it’s what their character would naturally do, but because it adds intrigue to the campaign.

The strength of authoring lies in its ability to elevate the shared narrative. Players using this approach often take the initiative to create dramatic moments, plot twists, or resolutions that enrich the story for everyone. However, its reliance on meta-awareness can sometimes clash with purely immersive playstyles, as the player’s focus on narrative structure might break the illusion of the game world.

Comparing Immersion and Authoring

These two approaches might seem at odds, but they complement each other in practice. Both styles bring unique strengths to the table:
- Immersion: Grounded in the immediate experience, it creates depth and emotional connection. Players driven by immersion feel the highs and lows of their character’s journey, fostering a sense of personal investment.
- Authoring: Focused on the larger picture, it enhances storytelling and group dynamics. By stepping outside their character’s perspective, authoring players ensure the story remains engaging and cohesive.
Despite their differences, the two styles are not mutually exclusive. Many players shift between these approaches depending on the scene, the system, or the group dynamics. For example, a player might immerse themselves in their character’s fear during a dangerous encounter but step back into an authoring role to suggest a flashback that deepens the story’s emotional stakes.

Ultimately, the interplay between immersion and authoring reflects the collaborative nature of TTRPGs. A group that respects and balances these styles can create a richer, more layered experience.

The Role of Game Mechanics

Different systems lean toward one approach or the other, often shaping the way players engage with the game.
- Immersion-heavy systems: Games like traditional Dungeons & Dragons or dungeon crawlers emphasize in-character decision-making, focusing on what the character knows or perceives in the moment. Mechanics like fog of war or hidden rolls reinforce this immediacy, keeping players in their characters’ perspectives.
- Authoring-heavy systems: Games like Blades in the Dark or Fiasco encourage players to think outside the character, prioritizing dramatic twists or collaborative storytelling. Tools like flashbacks, narrative control tokens, or scene-setting mechanics invite players to shape the story actively.
While some systems explicitly cater to one style, others blur the lines. For instance, Powered by the Apocalypse games often combine immersive character moves with mechanics that encourage authorial input, such as collaboratively building the setting or defining relationships. This blend allows players to seamlessly transition between immersion and authoring as the story demands.

Designing for Balance

For game designers, the challenge is in balancing these two playstyles. Striking this balance ensures that players with different preferences can coexist within the same game.
- Immersion-focused mechanics: could include hidden information, in-character roleplay prompts, or dice rolls that represent uncertainty. For example, a system that keeps the GM’s rolls private might enhance the player’s immersion by preserving the mystery.
- Authoring-focused mechanics: might involve meta-tools like flashbacks (Blades in the Dark) or explicit narrative framing (Fate). These tools give players direct control over the story’s direction, empowering them to craft memorable moments.
Games that successfully balance these elements, like Apocalypse World or Burning Wheel, allow players to explore both immediate character experiences and larger narrative arcs. Designers can also provide optional rules or modules that cater to different playstyles, letting groups customize the game to their preferences.

A Negotiation Scene Example

To see how these styles might play out in practice:
- An immersive player in a tense negotiation might focus solely on their character’s immediate goals: “My character would never accept that deal; they’d demand a better offer.”
- An authoring player might instead think about the drama of the moment: “What if I threaten to walk away? It could create a great turning point for our story.”
Both approaches enrich the game, but in different ways. Immersion creates an authentic, character-driven experience, while authoring ensures the scene has a compelling narrative structure. Together, they can transform a simple negotiation into a multilayered, unforgettable moment.

What’s Your Preference?

Are you someone who loves to feel the world through your character’s eyes, living in the moment and letting instincts guide your choices? Or do you lean toward shaping the story from a broader perspective, crafting dramatic arcs and unforgettable moments?

Maybe you’ve played games that cater to one extreme, or you’ve found a system that strikes the perfect balance. Share your experiences and thoughts in the comments. We’d love to hear how immersion and authoring shape your playstyle! Come yell at us on Bluesky about it!

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December 14, 2024