Thought Punks

Tag: Game theory

Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
Also be sure to check out the contrasting defense of rules lite games!

Why Complexity Isn’t a Flaw

Defending Depth, Structure, and the Joy of Mastery

Tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) offer a mix of creativity, strategy, and storytelling, but there’s often a rift between rules-light and rules-heavy systems. While the former are often celebrated for their simplicity, games like Pathfinder, Shadowrun, and Burning Wheel tend to get criticized for being too complex, with their intricate mechanics and steep learning curves. But here’s the catch: those so-called flaws are exactly what make these games so compelling.

For many players, the challenge of mastering these detailed systems becomes the most rewarding part of the game. It’s like solving a puzzle or climbing a challenging mountain, the sense of achievement from overcoming complexity is intrinsically satisfying. When we engage with rules-heavy systems, we tap into a deeper psychological drive: the desire for mastery. The process of learning and understanding these systems unlocks a level of joy that’s closely tied to human cognition. Just as we feel satisfaction in figuring out a complex game or learning a new skill, TTRPGs deliver that same intrinsic reward, but in the context of collaborative storytelling and character development.

Instead of viewing these detailed mechanics as obstacles, consider them tools, tools that open up deeper layers of strategy, creativity, and immersion. It’s not about adding friction for the sake of it; it’s about creating a rich, structured environment where players can stretch their imaginations, develop their characters, and feel the satisfaction of mastering the game’s world.

In this article, we’ll explore the criticisms that often get leveled at rules-heavy games, from fears about accessibility to worries about rigidity. But just as importantly, we’ll highlight the unique joys these systems offer, along with practical strategies for managing their complexity. Whether you’re a diehard fan of crunch or someone who’s been on the fence, join us as we dive into why rules-heavy games are more than worth the effort.

Complexity and Accessibility: A Gateway, Not a Barrier

When newcomers encounter a game like Dungeons & Dragons 4e, Burning Wheel, or Shadowrun, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the vast rulebooks and detailed mechanics. Complexity can feel like a wall that separates the casual player from the rich experiences these games promise. But here’s the thing: that complexity isn’t the problem, it’s the gateway. The challenge of mastering intricate rules isn’t a barrier; it’s what makes the eventual mastery so sweet.

This drive to conquer complexity taps directly into intrinsic motivation, a psychological principle that shows how humans gain satisfaction from overcoming challenges and developing new skills. Learning a complex game like Pathfinder isn’t just about understanding rules—it’s about unlocking a deeper level of personal achievement. When you master that spell system or tactical combat sequence, it’s not just about following the rules; it’s about owning the experience and feeling competent in the game world.

Additionally, complexity creates a psychological safety net for new players. It provides clear boundaries and guidance, eliminating much of the uncertainty that can make gaming stressful. When players understand the rules, they’re more likely to feel confident in their choices and actions. Rather than forcing players into rigid boxes, systems like Burning Wheel and D&D 4e provide structure that helps people explore within set parameters, offering both security and the freedom to be creative.

Easing People Into The Complexity

If you’re a GM introducing a rules-heavy game to new players, it’s can he helpful to start slow. A great way to ease into complexity is by running tutorial sessions. Start with simple mechanics like resolving skill checks or basic combat, and leave the more complicated elements for later. You can even break up complex systems into chunks, adding new rules gradually as the players become more comfortable.

In educational psychology, this is known as “scaffolding,” which is the process of giving learners manageable pieces of information and building on that knowledge over time. It’s an approach that works wonders at the tabletop too. For example, a GM might follow the example of video game tutorials and introduce a specific mechanic (like spellcasting) only when it becomes relevant to the story, making the learning curve feel more like a natural progression rather than an intimidating leap.

With a thoughtful approach, the complexity of rules-heavy systems becomes less daunting and more rewarding. Players can eventually look at the rulebook and see it as a map to guide them, rather than an overwhelming maze. And with that, we can dive into how these systems impact the flow and pacing of the game.

Slowed Gameplay: A Deliberate Pace for Richer Experiences

Slow gameplay often gets a bad rap in rules-heavy systems. Longer turns, intricate calculations, and drawn-out discussions can make the game feel like it’s dragging. But what if we reframed “slow” as “deliberate”? Games like Cyberpunk and Burning Wheel benefit from a slower pace because it allows for tactical depth and immersive moments. When gameplay is paced thoughtfully, it creates space for rich decision-making and a deeper connection with the story.

Just like savoring a gourmet meal instead of inhaling fast food, a slower pace allows players to really dig into the experience. When players can take their time, they are more likely to experience that “flow” state, the psychological condition where time seems to fly by because they are fully immersed in the task at hand. Whether it’s an intense negotiation or a tense battle, slowing down allows players to fully engage with the game, enjoying every moment and feeling every choice.

Moreover, this deliberate pace reduces ambiguity in decision-making. Systems like Cyberpunk or Pathfinder offer detailed rules that help GMs make consistent, predictable decisions. This clarity makes everyone feel like the game world is fair and reliable, which builds trust and enjoyment around the table.

Keeping Things Moving Smoothly

To help mitigate any frustration with the slower pace, GMs can introduce a few tools. Pre-session prep can reduce the need for constant rule-checking, and providing players with quick-reference guides or summaries can speed up gameplay significantly. Online tools, like automated character sheets or combat calculators, are great for handling mechanics without slowing down the action.

Additionally, share the load! By allowing players to track initiatives, handle minor NPC roles, or manage maps, GMs can keep the pace moving without having to micromanage every detail. It’s a team effort, and this collaborative dynamic makes the slower pace feel less like a drag and more like a shared experience.

A slow pace doesn’t have to mean a boring pace. It’s a chance to explore the world, make meaningful decisions, and build unforgettable moments. Now that we’ve seen how to keep things flowing, let’s talk about a common concern: whether the structure of rules-heavy games can stifle creativity.

Creativity Constraints: Boundaries That Spark Innovation

One of the most common criticisms of rules-heavy systems is that their detailed mechanics somehow stifle creativity. But here’s the truth: constraints breed innovation. Rather than limiting what players can do, the rules offer a framework that pushes creativity into new directions. A structured system encourages players to think critically and come up with inventive solutions, often in ways that wouldn’t emerge in a more free-form environment.

Psychologically, constraints spark problem-solving. In fact, research in creativity suggests that having boundaries forces individuals to think more creatively within those confines. Think about Shadowrun or Rifts, two iconic games known for their intricate systems and rich settings. Players aren’t restricted by the rules; they use them as tools to craft elaborate heists, intricate negotiations, and unpredictable plot twists. The rules give the players the building blocks, but the stories are theirs to create.

Many rules-heavy games also leave room for improvisation. Mechanics like D&D 5e’s Advantage/Disadvantage encourage the GM to adapt rules in ways that best serve the narrative, blending structured mechanics with flexible storytelling. This dynamic interplay gives players the space to stretch their creativity while still working within the system’s logic.

Encouraging Creativity Within Boundaries

If you want to foster creativity in a rules-heavy system, think about integrating more narrative tools. Let players contribute to the world-building process, define NPC motivations, or work together to shape the campaign. This collaborative approach creates a deeper investment in the game while preserving the complexity that makes the system so rewarding.

Also, celebrate the creative solutions players come up with. If someone uses a spell in an unexpected way or crafts a clever tactic, reward that creativity with in-game benefits like bonus XP or Inspiration Points. When players feel like their ingenuity is valued, they’ll continue to push the boundaries of what’s possible within the system.

Finally, keep flexibility in mind. Acknowledge that the GM’s role is to adapt the rules to fit the narrative. Emphasize that the system exists to support creativity, not suppress it. When players realize they can creatively bend the rules, they’ll approach the system with excitement, not frustration.

Prep Time and Similar Burdens on the GM

Yes, rules-heavy systems often require a greater investment of time upfront, but this preparation is far from a burden. In fact, for many Game Masters (GMs), the time spent setting up complex systems, fleshing out intricate worlds, and crafting layered stories is an intrinsic part of the fun. The process becomes like a puzzle in itself, offering a sense of mastery as you build a world that feels rich and lived-in. Every NPC, every location, every decision holds potential, and for those who thrive on this, it’s an incredibly fulfilling part of the experience.

This type of preparation taps into a human drive for problem-solving and mastery. The satisfaction of seeing your efforts come to life during gameplay is deeply rewarding. It’s like putting together a puzzle where every piece you fit into place is one step closer to a narrative masterpiece. Plus, with a wealth of tools available (such as pre-built modules, oracles and random charts, and collaborative world-building) GMs don’t have to go it alone. When players help design parts of the world or create their own characters’ backstories, it not only lightens the load but also fosters a deeper connection to the story. They’re not just playing in the world, they’re helping to shape it.

By embracing this preparatory work, GMs create a narrative that feels not just guided but earned, a story players can immerse themselves in and interact with on a profound level.

The Thrill of Decision-Making: Embracing Complexity Without the Stress

One of the most daunting aspects of rules-heavy systems is the sheer number of choices available. Analysis paralysis can set in, making even the simplest decision seem overwhelming. However, it’s important to recognize that the multitude of options is precisely what draws many players to these systems in the first place. Every choice presents a new opportunity to explore the full range of their character’s potential, whether it’s selecting the perfect feat, casting the right spell, or making a life-altering decision during a pivotal moment in the story. This sense of autonomy taps directly into a core psychological driver: self-determination.

In the realm of TTRPGs, the ability to make meaningful decisions enhances intrinsic motivation. And players feel more invested in a game when their actions directly influence the outcome of the story. For some, the sheer joy of optimization can be immensely satisfying. Crafting the perfect character build or navigating complex systems is akin to solving a puzzle. The pleasure comes from the challenge itself, the deeper understanding of the game’s mechanics, and the joy of refining and experimenting within a framework that rewards thoughtful engagement.

Easing Choice Paralysis

However, to keep analysis paralysis from bogging things down, a few adjustments can help. First, encourage players to prioritize narrative over mechanical optimization. Instead of asking, “What’s the best decision statistically?” ask, “What would your character do?” This helps shift the focus from pure mechanics to roleplaying, making decisions feel more intuitive. For new players, it can also be helpful to limit choices during character creation. Instead of throwing the entire compendium at them, offer a curated list of options that align with the campaign’s tone and setting. This makes it easier to focus on the fun of the game rather than getting lost in the weeds of every possible choice. Lastly, offering clear examples of how certain abilities or spells can be used creatively in combat or roleplay can guide players, giving them a sense of direction without overwhelming them with options.

Ultimately, while analysis paralysis is a valid concern, it’s just another part of the game’s rich texture. With a bit of framing and some guided support, players can enjoy the depth without feeling swamped by it. And once they get the hang of it, that sense of choice becomes part of the fun, driving them to explore their characters in new and exciting ways.

Rules Lawyering: Intellectual Fun, Not a Roadblock

The term “rules lawyering” often carries a negative connotation, but in reality, these moments of debate and discussion can be part of what makes rules-heavy games so engaging. When players and GMs get into the weeds of interpreting a rule or discussing its finer points, it’s often a sign of engagement. Far from derailing the experience, these debates reflect the deep investment players have in the system. The more they know about the rules, the more they understand the world in which they’re playing. These discussions help foster fairness and clarity in the game, ensuring that everyone is on the same page.

Psychologically, people can be deeply motivated by competence, the feeling that they’re mastering something. When players engage in rules debates, they’re showing their deep knowledge and understanding of the system. It’s a form of mastery, and this kind of intellectual engagement can feel deeply rewarding. But it’s also essential to keep these discussions from becoming disruptive. A clear structure, where the GM or table consensus has the final say, can help keep things moving smoothly.

When these moments do arise, it’s important to frame them as opportunities for collaborative problem-solving, not conflict. Shifting from “You’re wrong about that rule” to “Let’s figure this out together” turns the debate into a creative challenge, encouraging teamwork and a shared investment in the game.

Player Preferences: Finding Your Perfect System Match

At the heart of TTRPGs is an incredible diversity of systems. Just as some players gravitate toward strategy games and others toward freeform storytelling, so too do TTRPG players have different preferences. Rules-heavy systems appeal to those who find joy in complexity, strategy, and deep-world building, while rules-light systems attract those who prefer a more improvisational, narrative-driven experience. The psychology of flow plays a crucial role here, some players thrive in systems that allow them to get fully absorbed in a structured, challenging environment, while others prefer the freedom of simpler systems where the pace is quicker, and creativity flows without constraint.

This diversity in player preference is what makes the hobby so universally appealing. By allowing players to explore systems that resonate with their individual tastes, TTRPGs can forge strong, passionate communities. Players bond not only over their shared love of the game but over their shared mastery of the systems themselves. Whether you’re navigating the complexities of Shadowrun or telling an improvised tale with Index Card RPG, the joy of finding the right system for your group is undeniable.

For groups trying to balance different preferences, it’s often helpful to experiment with a variety of systems. Play a one-shot in a lighter game to introduce newcomers, then explore a more complex system when everyone feels comfortable. Having a session zero to discuss expectations and preferences for complexity and pacing ensures that everyone is aligned and excited about the journey ahead.

Embracing the Depths: Unlocking the True Joy of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs

In the world of TTRPGs, the beauty of rules-heavy systems lies in their inherent complexity—the intricate layers that reward patience, strategic thinking, and collaboration. For those who thrive on mastering systems, these games offer a level of satisfaction that simpler, rules-light games often can’t match. Every tactical decision, every character choice, and every interaction within the structured framework opens new avenues for discovery, creativity, and storytelling. The joy of mastering intricate mechanics, optimizing strategies, and navigating complex systems is a unique satisfaction that can’t be replicated elsewhere.

While these systems may seem daunting at first, they ultimately provide a deeply engaging, fulfilling experience. The initial challenges, from preparation to decision-making, only enhance the journey, transforming what could be obstacles into opportunities for growth. Whether you’re a seasoned GM or a newcomer to the hobby, the key to unlocking these rewards is embracing complexity with the right mindset. With thoughtful preparation, clear communication, and a flexible approach, rules-heavy games can unfold into rich, immersive worlds where players are free to explore, innovate, and create.

So, the next time someone questions the depth of a rules-heavy game, remember: complexity isn’t a hindrance—it’s an opportunity. An opportunity to dive into a world that challenges, rewards, and enriches your experience in ways simpler systems can’t. With the right tools and mindset, these games open the door to unforgettable adventures, deeper engagement, and stories that feel truly earned.

What about you? Do you love to master the mechanics and embrace the challenge? Do you find joy in the depth, complexity, and collaboration that rules-heavy systems offer? How do you navigate the richness of rules-heavy games? Leave a comment below or come yell at Rev about it on Bluesky!

Share this with friends:
Related posts:
January 2, 2025
Mastering Intrigue: Crafting Suspense and Tension in TTRPGs
This entry is part 4 of 5 in the series TTRPG Advice
Handling Intrigue in Tabletop RPGs with Trackers, Tags, and Motif Rolls

Political intrigue in tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) is often one of the most challenging genres to run. Balancing complex relationships, shifting loyalties, and a web of lies and secrets can quickly overwhelm a Game Master (GM), especially if they’re working with intricate mechanics. But by using tools like trackers, reputation tags, and flavored Motif (dice label) rolls, the GM can keep things manageable while maintaining depth. These tools streamline the process, leaving space for creativity, and they can be enhanced by psychological tricks commonly used in carnival performances, sales, and psychic illusions.

Reputation Tags: Simple but Powerful Tools

Reputation tags are one of the easiest and most effective ways to track political relationships and intrigue. These tags act as simple labels tied to key NPCs, factions, or even locations, and they help both players and the GM keep track of how different relationships evolve without the need for complicated stat blocks or excessive notes. They are shorthand reminders of where key figures stand in relation to the players or each other.

Reputation tags can represent a wide range of social dynamics: loyalty, suspicion, enmity, or favor, among others. A few examples of reputation tags might include:
- “Rival (Political Power)” – Signifying a competitor within a power struggle.
- “Debt Owed” – Referring to an NPC or faction that owes a favor or service.
- “Allied (For Now)” – A temporary alliance or fragile partnership.
These dynamic labels can be easily updated based on the evolving narrative, making them extremely valuable in a game of political intrigue where relationships and allegiances are constantly shifting. The simplicity of these tags means that instead of spending valuable time and energy on complex relationship mechanics, you have an intuitive system that quickly tells you the status of key interactions in the campaign.
- Why it works: The appeal of reputation tags lies in their simplicity. You reduce potentially complex webs of relationship mechanics into easy-to-read shorthand that allows everyone at the table to understand the current dynamics at a glance. This allows for quick decisions and seamless interactions between players and NPCs without bogging down the story with unnecessary details.
Trackers: Visualizing Tension and Progress

Trackers are a fantastic tool for visualizing and managing the evolving tension in a game of intrigue. Much like reputation tags, trackers simplify complex, ongoing developments. These can take many forms, whether they are conspiracy clocks showing the progress of a secret plot or trust meters that gauge how much faith an NPC or faction has in the players. Trackers provide a visual cue that lets everyone, especially the GM, easily see how things are progressing, and they keep the tension alive without needing to micromanage every detail.

One of the main benefits of trackers is that they provide an instant visual reference, helping everyone at the table stay focused on key plot points. For example, in a political intrigue campaign, you could have a tracker to show how much time remains before a secret rebellion is discovered, or a trust meter tracking how far players have moved in an NPC’s favor (or how quickly they are losing it).
- Why it works: Trackers take advantage of visual salience, where the physical progression of a tracker visually communicates how much time, tension, or momentum has passed. This makes it easy for players to see how close they are to a major reveal or event, building anticipation. It’s like the psychological tricks used by performers and magicians: by using a simple tool that gradually shifts, you build suspense, and it encourages the players to engage with the plot actively. With this tool, GMs can focus on storytelling and improvisation, without needing to stress about keeping track of every minor detail in the background.
Flavored Motif Rolls: Adding Depth to Simplicity

Flavored Motif rolls (using dice labels to add depth and meaning to rolls) allow GMs to keep the gameplay simple yet rich. In essence, a dice roll is flavored by the narrative context, resulting in more dynamic and meaningful outcomes without needing complex rule systems.

For example, a roll to determine the context for how a character’s persuasion attempt plays out might use dice labels like Reputation (how much the player’s reputation plays a part), Mood (how good, or bad, of a mood the NPC is in), and Politics (how much the political context and considerations play into their response). Or for another intrigue context where the PCs are attempting to covertly spy on a rival group, you might use the flavored roll of Attention (how alert the security staff is), Evidence (how much evidence there is to clean up or left behind), and Luck (how lucky the timing is with how busy or distracted the group is at the time).

In political intrigue, where emotions like suspicion, trust, and fear run high, this system allows you to adapt to the narrative flow and also introduce additional surprise and suspense, while still providing clear outcomes and useful information. When you get into the swing of using flavored rolls, they’re a powerful storytelling and gameplay tool that adds a lot of interesting complexity.
- Why it works: This approach reduces the need for heavy mechanical bookkeeping. It empowers the GM to quickly adapt to the flow of the story without interrupting the narrative for an abundance of rules interpretations. It also keeps the gameplay engaging for players because the outcome is always tied back to the story they’re unfolding. It also keeps things interesting and exciting for everyone at the table as the dice provide interesting twists and add an additional element of surprise.
Psychological Loopholes and the Art of Engagement

Mastering intrigue in TTRPGs isn’t just about keeping track of numbers or relationships! It’s about manipulating attention, controlling decision-making, and keeping your players invested. GMs can draw on psychological tactics commonly used in sales, carnival tricks, and even the subtle art of psychic performers to guide players through complex political webs without overwhelming them. These techniques help players feel both in control and uncertain, driving engagement and immersion in the story. Here’s how:

Misdirection: Directing Attention to Where You Want It

In political intrigue, not everything is as it seems. Misdirection is a powerful tool for controlling player focus and pacing. By subtly introducing minor details that seem innocuous, you can later reveal their importance without forcing it. This technique mirrors the psychological sleight of hand used by magicians and con artists, where the attention is carefully guided to ensure that the big reveal lands with maximum impact.

For example, an NPC might casually mention an upcoming banquet, which is framed like a harmless minor social event. Players, focused on their current objectives, might ignore it only to later discover that the “banquet” was a secret meeting, designed to sway key allies or arrange a political assassination. The players’ minds are tricked into thinking they were “in the know,” but the shift in power is revealed when they least expect it. This builds suspense and surprise, keeping players engaged without overwhelming them with unnecessary details upfront.
- Why it works: Misdirection takes advantage of cognitive bias, specifically confirmation bias, where players expect certain outcomes based on initial information. By hiding key elements in plain sight, the GM ensures that players are both engaged and surprised, while creating a deeper connection with the plot.
Social Proof and Influence: Using NPC Behavior to Guide Player Choices

Humans are highly influenced by the actions and opinions of others, and this principle of social proof can be leveraged in intrigue-heavy games. By using NPCs as subtle influencers, you can guide player decisions without heavy-handed persuasion. In sales psychology, people are more likely to buy a product if others endorse it; in intrigue, players are more likely to support a faction or ally if they see important or friendly NPCs backing them.

For instance, if an influential faction leader speaks highly of a particular political rival, players might feel inclined to either support or investigate that rival, influenced by the implied credibility of the endorsement mixed with the rival angle. Alternatively, a befriended NPC might offer veiled warnings about a faction’s plans, nudging players to proceed cautiously or even actively disrupt the rival’s activities. This approach streamlines a lot of things for players by giving them clear cues about where the political power lies, reducing the cognitive load and letting the plot unfold more naturally.
- Why it works: This taps into the social influence principles of conformity and consensus. Players naturally seek validation from social cues, so using NPCs to “validate” certain actions or allegiances guides the flow of intrigue without requiring long monologues or exposition dumps. It’s the subtle psychological pressure that pushes players into a specific direction, while still allowing them to feel like they made their own choice.
Reciprocity: Leveraging Favors and Debt to Build Tension

Reciprocity is an ancient psychological principle that says people feel an innate obligation to return favors. This can be a key tool in political intrigue, where favors, alliances, and debts form the backbone of player motivations. When players make deals with factions or NPCs, they create expectations of repayment and these obligations can weigh heavily on their decisions later in the game.

If a player helps an influential noble with a personal problem, that noble might offer valuable information or protection in return. But as the story progresses, they continue to be helpful and the trap is revealed. The noble whose helpful “kindness” in retrospect (hindsight is 20/20) proved overly generous for a reason comes to claim their “favor” asking the player to act in a way that conflicts with their current goals or alliances. This introduces a powerful narrative element where the weight of past decisions shapes the player’s future actions, adding a layer of psychological complexity without requiring complicated mechanics or bookkeeping.
- Why it works: The principle of reciprocity plays into social and moral psychology, where people are hardwired to feel indebted after receiving something, whether it’s help, information, or a material gain. This flow is rarely one-sided and the balance can change over time as repayment crosses over into extra favors or a steady trickle of help keeps someone mildly indebted at all times. This creates emotional investment in the narrative, and players are more likely to engage in moral dilemmas, negotiate, or make tough decisions when they feel the weight of past actions pressing on them.
Keeping it Simple, Making it Rich

At the heart of these psychological tricks is simplicity. The most effective intrigue games are often the ones that don’t overload players with too much information at once. By using tools like misdirection, social proof, and reciprocity, you can shape a deeply engaging political narrative without bogging down the game with mechanical complexity. The beauty of these tools lies in their ability to guide players naturally through the story, ensuring they’re emotionally invested and actively engaged with every twist and turn.

When you apply these techniques along with trackers, reputation tags, and flavored Motif rolls using dice labels, you create a dynamic, evolving world where player actions and decisions genuinely matter. They’ll feel like they’re driving the intrigue forward, while you as the GM maintain control over the direction and outcome of the story. And most importantly, these tools make intrigue more accessible for both players and GMs alike, because ultimately it’s all about keeping everyone engaged, focused, and ready for the next big revelation.

The GM’s Role in Intrigue: Balancing Freedom with Structure

Reputation tags and flavored Motif rolls give GMs the flexibility to focus on the narrative, not mechanics. These tools streamline the complexities of political intrigue, letting the GM adapt to player actions and keep the story moving without constantly referencing rulebooks.

By simplifying relationships with reputation tags and maintaining clarity through trackers, GMs can focus on the psychological aspects of intrigue. All-flavor Motif rolls using dice labels provide a way to introduce flexibility, complexity, and additional surprise in a simple way. Techniques like misdirection guide players’ attention, while reciprocity and social proof help drive decisions and alliances. This balance of freedom and structure creates space for unexpected plot twists (alliances, betrayals, and power struggles) without losing track of the bigger picture. The key is to embrace simplicity, which lets players’ decisions and the drama unfold naturally.

As a GM, the key to running political intrigue lies in trusting this approach’s simplicity. By offering players the freedom to make decisions without overwhelming them with excessive detail, you create space for unexpected alliances, betrayals, and power struggles to unfold naturally.

Keeping It Engaging for Players: The Art of Guidance

With these tools and psychological techniques, you can navigate your players through the labyrinth of political intrigue without forcing them down a rigid path. Just as carnival performers weave a mesmerizing spectacle, you can expertly misdirect and intrigue your players, creating a web of mystery and power plays they’ll eagerly unravel.

Political intrigue may seem daunting, but when you combine the simplicity of reputation tags, trackers, and psychological cues, you can craft a compelling narrative that feels natural and engaging. Adding in the Motif dice labels approach provides an easy to use tool that complements that simplicity with suspenseful uncertainty and complex information. These systems take the complexity out of running the game, leaving room for twists, surprises, and, most importantly, player agency. The players aren’t just along for the ride; they’re co-authors of the unfolding drama, shaping the narrative alongside you.

So, how do you keep intrigue engaging without overwhelming your players? What are some of the trickier pitfalls to avoid in this kind of storytelling? And, crucially, how can you make sure everyone at the table feels involved in the intrigue, not just the GM? What psychological tricks have you found most useful in your own games? Are there any common traps you’ve fallen into when running intrigue-heavy campaigns?

I’d love to hear your thoughts on these ideas. Let’s dive into the conversation and share how we can make intrigue not just manageable, but unforgettable. Comment below or come shout at Rev about it on Bluesky.

Share this with friends:
Related posts:
December 24, 2024
Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)
This entry is part 1 of 5 in the series RPG Theory
Novice TTRPG Players and Simple Guidance

You should go make a game with Caltrop Core, maybe.

One of the great paradoxes I’ve noticed in TTRPGs is that newer players don’t always need the extensive examples and explanations that seasoned gamers often request. It’s fascinating how the learning process can differ so much depending on experience level. While experienced players may want every detail laid out to navigate complex systems, novice players tend to do just fine with simpler, more straightforward instructions. So why is that?

To really understand why this is, we have to look at how cognitive psychology, gaming culture, and design philosophy come into play. New players are engaging with the game in a fresh way, while veterans approach things with a wealth of past experiences and mental models already in place. This combination of factors explains why simple rules can be so effective for new players, but also why they might leave veterans wanting more.

Cognitive Load Management

Starting out in TTRPGs can be overwhelming. New players are diving into an entirely new hobby, and everything is unfamiliar. From understanding the game’s goals to figuring out how to roleplay effectively, there’s a lot to take in. The key to helping them succeed is to reduce cognitive load, essentially not bombarding them with too much information at once. By simplifying what players need to process, you create a more approachable and enjoyable entry point.

That’s why simple, streamlined rules work so well. New players don’t need to memorize a bunch of rules upfront; they only need the basics to get started. Systems like Fate Accelerated or Lasers & Feelings are perfect for this! They’re rules-light, accessible, and let players focus on having fun without getting bogged down by details. These systems also encourage players to explore their creativity without the intimidation of complex mechanics, fostering a sense of accomplishment early on.

With cognitive load under control, players can dive into the game right away. Which itself enables more easily experiencing the game firsthand, which is often the most effective and engaging way for players to understand how it all fits together.

Learning Through Play

For new players, a good way to learn is often by diving in and engaging directly. Behavioral modeling plays a huge role here. Watching others navigate mechanics, solve problems, and roleplay their characters helps new players build an intuitive understanding of the game.

It’s one thing to read about how a skill check works; it’s another to see someone roll the dice and react in real time. Whether it’s observing how a seasoned GM handles a tricky situation or seeing another player bring their character to life, learning through example is incredibly effective.

This isn’t limited to group play, either. Even in solo roleplaying, the act of playing and reflecting on how it feels is a powerful teacher. Experimenting with the rules, testing out scenarios, and seeing what clicks provides valuable feedback that can’t be replicated by simply reading a manual. It’s all about learning through doing, which resonates deeply with how human psychology is wired.

At its core, experiential learning is the heart of this process. Picking up a new hobby or skill is all about practice, getting in there, trying things out, and gradually getting better. TTRPGs are uniquely suited to this, offering a mix of structure and flexibility that encourages players to jump in and learn as they go.

But what truly sets new players apart is their flexibility. Without years of preconceived notions or expectations, they often adapt more quickly to the rules and find creative ways to engage with the game. This adaptability is a powerful asset, allowing them to embrace simple guidance and make the most of the experience.

Adaptability

What’s amazing about new players is their adaptability. They haven’t been trained to expect certain complexities, and that’s a huge advantage. Without preconceived notions about how rules “should” work, they’re open to whatever the system throws at them. With fewer expectations, they can engage with simple rules without overthinking them, allowing for a more organic experience. This flexibility makes them more open to experimentation and less likely to get caught up in analysis paralysis over myriad options.

The Tabula Rasa effect is big here. Novices often approach rules with fresh eyes, making them open to experimentation. Conversely, experienced players may often compare rules to prior systems and/or hold certain assumptions. Graceful degradation is something newer players excel at as a result. Novices will often default to common sense and broad principles, as well as more often collapse to core rules. Seasoned gamers will look for more nuance, more often look for edge cases, and generally expect more direct guidance.

The Takeaway for Game Designers

For game designers, the lesson is clear: Keep things simple. New players thrive when they can engage with the game without getting overwhelmed by complex rules or excessive explanations. A system that emphasizes simplicity and encourages learning through play will help novices feel confident and enjoy their experience right from the start.

Experienced Players and the Need for Detailed Guidance

Complexity Preference

For seasoned players, simplicity can sometimes feel like a limitation. After years of playing more complex systems, many veterans crave the depth and nuance that come with detailed rules. They want to be able to dive deep into the mechanics, optimize characters, and explore all the strategic options available.

Systems like Pathfinder and Shadowrun thrive in this space. They offer a level of granularity and choice that challenges experienced players and rewards those who enjoy analyzing every aspect of the game. These systems activate analytical thinking, rewarding those who relish strategic complexity. They also often reward system mastery, which encourages a desire for deep rules understandings.

Desire for Comprehensive Understanding

Experienced players often seek clarity on edge cases and exceptions. They need detailed rules and examples to navigate these situations confidently. For them, the finer points of a system matter, especially when the game isn’t going according to the usual script. A system that provides clarity on the exceptions and intricacies helps them play with confidence, ensuring that no one gets stuck in a situation where they’re unsure of how to proceed.

The can also want clarity on edge cases and exceptions because these often define the boundaries of creativity within the game. Detailed examples allow experienced players to confidently navigate unusual scenarios, ensuring they can “play to the rules” without stalling gameplay. In addition, gamers accustomed to systems like Dungeons & Dragons may expect clear guidance for adjudicating specific situations. Understanding this prior experience is key for seasoned gamers.

Integration with Prior Knowledge

Veteran players come into a game with a wealth of experience, so they’re naturally comparing new systems to the ones they already know. They’ve built mental models (or “schemas”) of how TTRPGs “should” work, and if the new system doesn’t align with those expectations, it can cause confusion.

Discrepancies between these expectations and a new game’s mechanics can lead to frustration without sufficient explanation. A well-designed system can acknowledge this by providing clear explanations of how it differs from other games or being very clear about its own nuances. Without these distinctions, experienced players may feel lost or frustrated trying to figure out how things work.

Challenges with Simple Rules for Experienced Players

Overinterpretation

Experienced players often struggle with simple systems because they assume there’s more complexity hidden in the rules. When the system feels too straightforward, they begin to look for deeper meaning or “unspoken” rules. This overthinking can lead to confusion, especially when the simplicity they encounter doesn’t match their mental models.

Cognitive Rigidity

Another challenge is cognitive rigidity. Long-time TTRPG players can become so accustomed to the intricacies of complex systems or robust presentations that transitioning to something simpler or more direct can feel like a step backward. Research indicates that experts in any field can develop a rigidity that limits their ability to adapt to new frameworks; this same psychological principle applies to TTRPGs. This rigidity can make it hard to adapt to lighter systems and simpler explanations that don’t provide the same level of depth they’re used to.

Expectation of Depth

Veterans can expect games to offer rich, strategic gameplay. They are often come to anticipate a certain level of complexity in gameplay and/or detail in rulebooks. Simpler texts may seem “shallow” to them, leaving them unsatisfied. They can feel those lighter books are lacking the intricate balance or emergent possibilities of more robust frameworks and explanations.

Balancing Rule Presentation for Different Players

Layered Rulebooks

One way to meet the needs of both novice and experienced players is to present rules in layers. Start with the core mechanics, keep it simple and easy to digest. Then add deeper, optional rules for those who want them. This approach lets new players engage without feeling overwhelmed while still providing the depth that experienced players crave.

However, balancing this can be tricky. If the rules aren’t organized well, it can feel like you’re constantly flipping through pages to find the right information, which can be frustrating.

Integrated Examples

Including examples directly in the text helps everyone, regardless of experience level. Novices benefit from seeing the rules in action, and experienced players appreciate examples that clarify edge cases. The key here is to keep examples relevant to all types of players, showing how the rules can be applied in different contexts.

This requires a balance of keeping it simple and direct for new players, while providing the clarity and nuance more seasoned players crave. There is also the pressure to maintain the text flow and usefulness as a reference, favoring conciseness that may sacrifice some nuance or detail.

Encouraging Exploration

Another way to bridge the gap between new and experienced players is by encouraging creativity within a structured system. Games that offer flexibility while still keeping things clear and simple can appeal to both groups. Designing systems that promote creativity within clear boundaries can engage both new and seasoned players, accommodating different preferences for complexity.

Systems like Powered by the Apocalypse do this well. New players get to co-create the story alongside the GM, while veteran players can still engage with the rules in a deeper, strategic way. It’s the best of both worlds.

A Few Final Thoughts

The Role of Player Psychology

The psychology of TTRPG players varies greatly. New players are often more risk-tolerant and excited to explore, while experienced players regularly seek mastery and optimization. These different approaches to the game highlight the importance of balancing rules in a way that caters to both. The more we understand these tendencies, the better we can design games that speak to a wider audience.

The Evolution of TTRPG Culture

TTRPGs have evolved a lot over the years, with indie games gaining traction and traditional systems like Dungeons & Dragons continuing to thrive. This diversity in gaming culture means that players bring different expectations based on their experiences. Designers need to be aware of these cultural shifts and cater to the broad spectrum of preferences.

Game Master Dynamics

The role of the GM also changes depending on experience. Novice GMs can benefit from systems that allow flexibility and creativity. Their lack of assumptions, along with the accompanying openness and adaptability, is their great strength. In contrast, veteran GMs typically look for more robust tools that help with complex storytelling and adjudicating rules. Their experience and system mastery, with the knowledge and rules familiarity they provide, form their strong points. Understanding these differences is key to making a game that works for all GMs.

OK, Actual Final Thoughts

The interplay between simplicity and complexity in TTRPG design reflects not only player experience levels but also evolving cultural and cognitive preferences. Novices often thrive on minimalist guidance that reduces cognitive load, encourages exploration, and builds confidence. Veterans, on the other hand, oft demand nuanced mechanics, detailed examples, and robust systems that align with their mental models and expectations.

However, this is all variable and nuanced based on the tabletop roleplaying game niche they embrace, their general mindset and preferences, and their overall experience. Game designers can meet these diverse needs through thoughtful layering of rules, embedded examples, and systems that balance creativity with clarity. Understanding the psychology and preferences of different player groups enables inclusive designs that enrich the TTRPG experience for everyone.

And as always, I’d love to hear your thoughts on this! Leave a comment here and/or come scream at me about it on Bluesky.

Share this with friends:
Related posts:
December 21, 2024
Dice Labels: The Heart of the Motif Approach
This entry is part 1 of 3 in the series Motif Thoughts
Thinking About Dice Labels and Narrative Dice in Motif

Also check out the free RPG I was inspired to share from my slushpile by this post!

When it comes to TTRPGs, rolling dice is often about success and failure. But what if the dice could do more? What if they could weave a rich, story-driven narrative with every roll? Enter Motif, a narrative dice system that transforms the simple act of rolling dice into a powerful tool for storytelling. Motif provides answers to questions as an oracle system. Motif’s magic lies in its use of labeled dice, each one offering a different aspect of the story.

Rather than being limited to basic success/failure metrics, Motif turns each die into a question about the world, the characters, or the situation. It’s this layered, dynamic approach that sets Motif apart and gives it such powerful potential, whether you’re a seasoned GM or flying solo on an adventure. Let’s take a deep dive into the core dice labels that make this system tick.

Core Dice Build: A Flexible Narrative Tool

At the heart of a core Motif build is a simple but incredibly versatile system of three dice. These dice don’t just measure success or failure, they bring your narrative to life layer by layer with each roll. While the standard Motif build uses the following labels, what’s great about Motif is that you can totally tweak these labels to suit your game. But let’s first look at how the system works with the classic three-label approach:
- 1st Die: Answer
  The first die is all about answering the question. It gives you the basic “yes/no” or “success/failure” outcome. Depending on how you set it up, this die will give you the simplest answer to your query.
  - 1-3: No
  - 4-6: Yes
  - Example: Let’s say your party is looking for shelter. You roll a 5, and you find a cabin nearby. Success!
- 2nd Die: Wrinkle
  The wrinkle die is where things get spicy. It adds depth and complexity to your simple answer. It doesn’t just let you say “Yes” or “No”; it modifies that response and makes the outcome more interesting. This die determines whether your success has an extra twist or your failure is worse than expected.
  - 1-2: But… (the outcome has a twist, alleviating or complicating things).
  - 3-4: Plain answer (straightforward and no complications).
  - 5-6: And… (the answer is strong, with an additional benefit or complication).
  - Example: The group rolls to see if they can find shelter. The answer die gives them a yes, but the wrinkle die adds a 6 (And). They find a cabin, and it turns out to be fully stocked with supplies. Bonus!
- 3rd Die: Flavor
  Ah, the flavor die. This is where things get really fun. The flavor die brings the thematic richness to your roll, adding more context or tone based on what’s important for the moment. Think of it as an extra dimension, highlighting what’s most crucial for the scene. Whether it’s Safety, Advantage, Favorability, or even Weirdness, the flavor die gives your answer a distinct personality.
  - Low rolls indicate a lack of that flavor (or the opposite of it).
  - High rolls emphasize that flavor in a big way.
  - Example: Imagine you’re in a survival situation, trying to find shelter in a post-apocalyptic world. The flavor die is set to Safety. A roll of 1 means the shelter is unsafe (maybe it’s crawling with threats), but a roll of 6 means the shelter is perfectly secure and safe.
Beyond the Standard Build: Customizing Dice Labels

Now, here’s where Motif really shines… flexibility. Sure, you can use the standard Answer, Wrinkle, and Flavor setup, but why stop there? Motif allows you to completely customize the dice labels to match whatever’s happening in your game. This means you can use the dice for anything, from treasure hoards to NPC interactions to world-building elements. The sky’s the limit!

For example, let’s say your group stumbles upon an ancient treasure chest hidden in a ruined temple. You can assign dice labels like this:
- 1st Die: Value (How valuable is the loot?)
- 2nd Die: Condition (What’s the condition of the items?)
- 3rd Die: Danger (How dangerous is it to get to this treasure?)
Let’s roll:
- 1st Die: 6 (High Value) – This is treasure worth fighting for!
- 2nd Die: 1 (Poor Condition) – Most of the loot is in bad shape, so it might not be worth the trouble.
- 3rd Die: 5 (High Danger) – Traps abound! You’ll have to be cautious, or you’re toast.
So, there something truly valuable deep in there, but most of the hoard has been ruined and the danger is real. That means the players have a tough choice: go for the gold and risk their lives, or walk away empty-handed?

You could easily change this up to use in other situations, such as for NPC encounters or scene setting. Here’s a few examples:
- NPC Interaction:
  - 1st Die: Relationship (How strong is the NPC’s bond with the group?)
  - 2nd Die: Mood (How good or bad is the NPC feeling?)
  - 3rd Die: Reaction (How well does the NPC respond to the party?)
- Scene Setting:
  - 1st Die: Atmosphere (What’s the tone of the scene, dark or bright?)
  - 2nd Die: Obstacles (How difficult are the problems or barriers here?)
  - 3rd Die: Opportunity (What are the chances like to find resources and treasure?)
Adding Narrative Dice Layers to Other Systems

But wait, there’s more! You don’t have to play a Motif game to use Motif’s labeled narrative dice. One of the most exciting features is how easily it can integrate into other systems, acting as an add-on to your favorite RPGs or solo games. Whether you’re playing a dungeon crawl or running a one-shot, you can use Motif dice labels to spice up your game.

Here’s how Motif can enhance other systems:
- Solo Play: Use the dice as oracles to answer questions, generate plot twists, or decide on story outcomes without needing a GM.
- Loot Generators: You could roll for value, condition, and danger or other appropriate labels to generate interesting treasure hoards.
- World-Building: Need to define a new region? Assign thematic labels (like Hospitality, Danger, Wealth) and roll to quickly determine the flavor of a new area.
You can also layer Motif onto or in-between existing mechanics to add flavor and important details, which can be especially useful in low prep GMing and solo RPG situations. Let’s use an illustrative example! Imagine you’re running a traditional dungeon crawl. Instead of just having players roll to “disarm trap,” use the dice labels to flesh out the trap mechanics. Maybe you assign labels like:
- 1st Die: Visibility (How hard is it to detect?)
- 2nd Die: Severity (How bad is the trap?)
- 3rd Die: Effectiveness (How hard is it to avoid the trap?)
A roll of 1, 6, 3 could mean it’s a hard-to-detect trap and very dangerous if triggered, though reasonable to avoid with the right skill.

Try Letting Your Dice Tell the Story

The dice labels in Motif aren’t just random numbers on a die, they’re powerful storytelling tools. By giving each die a distinct role in your game, you’re creating a world that responds to the choices your players make in dynamic, unpredictable ways. Whether you’re deep in the heart of a Motif game or using these dice as a supplement to your favorite system, the possibilities are endless. You’re not just rolling dice, you’re crafting stories.

If this kind of thing interests you, be sure to check out the free duo TTRPG about a dying immortal I’m sharing from my slushpile because of this post!

So, what are you waiting for? How will you label your dice? What new stories are you going to tell? Let’s get rolling! If this spurred any thoughts, come scream at me on Bluesky about it.

Share this with friends:
Related posts:
December 18, 2024
Getting in the (Dice) Swing of Things
This entry is part 3 of 3 in the series Motif Thoughts
On Swingy Dice: The Design of Motif

Dice systems play a key role in shaping the dynamics of tabletop RPGs. They not only determine the mechanics of success or failure but also create the emotional backbone of tension, excitement, and consequence in gameplay. In Motif, swingy dice (those that produce wide variations in outcomes) are a deliberate feature that enhances the game both as an oracle and a game engine. Let’s dive into why this choice is central to Motif’s design and how it contributes to the overall experience.

Why Swingy Dice?

Motif is meant to be swingy despite being 2d6/3d6. Because each die is counted individually, so they’re swingy. This swinginess creates excitement and uncertainty, a perfect fit for an oracle system. Here’s why:
- Small Range, High Impact
  The dice in Motif (d6) stay within a small range, reducing the risk of extreme streaks. The range is small (limiting/mitigating streaks) and it’s an answer oracle, so you want it weighted random. This limitation prevents outcomes from becoming overwhelming while still allowing for significant swings that can drive the narrative forward.
  - The combination of small numerical values (1-6) and independent rolls means that variability remains dynamic yet manageable, unlike systems with broader ranges like d20. This balance ensures that the game’s mechanics feel lively without derailing play.
- Individual Randomness
  Because each die is counted individually, each one represents a unique factor or aspect of the answer. With each die being swingy, this creates a complex random pattern of answers. The outcome isn’t a smooth progression but rather a series of varied shifts, where each die’s result contributes to the overall response in unpredictable and dynamic ways.
  - In practical terms, this design choice mirrors the chaos of real-life decision-making, where multiple variables can pull in different directions. This keeps players engaged and reactive, adapting to each roll as the narrative unfolds.
- Impactful Modifiers
  The small scale makes simple +/-1 and 2 modifiers meaningful. The small range of the dice ensures that even small shifts in modifiers can dramatically influence the outcome, keeping the stakes high and the decisions weighty.
  - This contrasts with systems like d20, where a +1 modifier might have a subtler impact, or percentile systems, where slight adjustments can feel almost negligible. In Motif, every modifier directly affects the narrative’s momentum, making every choice resonate more strongly with players.
Distribution and Narrative Impact

Dice distributions directly shape the flow and tone of a narrative by controlling how predictable outcomes are and where results tend to cluster. Swingy systems, such as Motif, create a wide range of outcomes that amplify uncertainty and tension, whereas bell-curved systems lean toward predictability and realism.

For example, the Motif system’s use of individual d6 results means every roll offers a spread of possibilities, contributing to a dynamic and fluid narrative structure. Each roll feels less like a calculation and more like a narrative catalyst. In contrast, systems like 3d6 summed create a bell curve, where middle-range results dominate. This design favors games where outcomes need to reflect consistent skill levels or controlled probabilities, such as simulationist RPGs.

Tension and Stakes in Dice Systems

One of the most critical elements of a dice system is its ability to manage player tension and stakes. Swingy dice systems like Motif excel in this area by creating outcomes that are unpredictable yet significant. Players can never fully anticipate results, keeping the stakes high and the narrative alive.

Modifiers interact differently across dice systems and can drastically alter tension. In Motif, where small changes to a d6’s outcome have a profound impact, a +1 modifier could entirely shift the narrative’s direction. In bell-curved systems or large scale die systems (like d20), modifiers often produce more subtle shifts, with their impact most pronounced at the extreme ends of the probability curve.

Dice pools, like those found in systems such as Blades in the Dark, emphasize the number of successes over individual rolls, creating another form of tension. Adding a single die to a pool can significantly improve odds, making even small adjustments feel meaningful. These systems, however, trade the swinginess of individual rolls for the aggregated predictability of multiple dice.

Embracing Uncertainty

While great for detailed mechanical gameplay and reliability, bell curved systems can lack the dramatic unpredictability that swingy dice provide. In Motif, the swinginess serves to amplify the storytelling aspect, ensuring that every roll feels significant and emotionally charged. This approach captures the chaotic and improvisational spirit central to the approach’s design.

The uncertainty and excitement are great. Swingy dice encourage unpredictable outcomes, which create tension and drama. Unlike bell-curved dice systems, which tend to cluster results around the average, Motif’s dice allow for more variance, giving every roll a feeling of consequence and unpredictability.

Ultimately, each approach tailors the level of tension and the stakes players experience. Swingy systems like Motif excel at delivering dramatic highs and lows, while bell-curved systems smooth out the experience, favoring consistency over chaos.

Reflect on Your Dice System

Take some time to think about your chosen dice system. Is it swingy? Bell curved? What is the range like? How do the modifiers interact with the odds? What is the general feel? These questions are key when designing or choosing a dice system, as each system influences the tone and pacing of the game. Consider these examples:
- Bell Curves (3d6 Summed or Dice Pools)
  Bell curves produce more predictable outcomes, ideal for games focused on consistency or skill-based challenges. They reduce uncertainty but sometimes may not generate the same high tension. This makes them excellent for simulating realistic systems where skill or practice governs success.
- Percentile Systems (d100)
  Percentile systems offer high precision, which is perfect for games where exact outcomes matter. % systems are great for high-stakes or high-tension games where that exacting, unforgiving vibe works. While these systems can feel cold or overly mechanical, they shine in contexts where specificity is vital.
- Swingy Dice (Motif or d20)
  Swingy dice systems like Motif fuel tension and surprise. With unpredictable results, every roll feels consequential, and players are always kept on edge. The resulting emotional intensity complements games emphasizing improvisation and narrative twists.
Final Thoughts

Motif’s use of swingy dice enhances the game’s unpredictability, creating excitement and meaningful choices in a compact system. Whether you’re designing your own game or playing with others, understanding how dice mechanics affect the overall experience is crucial. Are your dice systems swingy or predictable? How do they affect the tension and stakes of your game? By reflecting on these factors, you can better align your mechanics with the experience you want to deliver.

What’s your take on swingy dice? Share your thoughts and let’s discuss how different dice systems shape gameplay! Shout at us over on Bluesky.

Share this with friends:
Related posts:
December 14, 2024
TTRPG Mechanics Model: Granularity, Modularity, Connectivity, Fidelity
This entry is part 4 of 5 in the series RPG Theory
Understanding TTRPG Design Through Four Overlapping Scales

When discussing tabletop RPGs, terms like “crunch” or “narrative focus” frequently arise. While useful, these discussions can become muddled, lacking a structured way to examine what makes each game unique. To frame this conversation, we can use a model of four overlapping scales: granularity, modularity, connectivity, and fidelity. Each of these represents a distinct axis of design, shaping how we experience and engage with games.

Let’s break down each scale and explore how they influence play.

1. Granularity (aka “Crunch”)

Granularity measures how detailed a game’s mechanics are. High-granularity systems, like GURPS or Pathfinder, offer intricate rules that cover a broad array of situations, from combat maneuvers to nuanced skill checks. On the other hand, low-granularity games like FATE or Lasers & Feelings simplify mechanics, focusing on streamlined gameplay. The level of granularity directly impacts pacing and player focus, influencing whether the experience feels like a tactical simulation or an improvisational story.
- High granularity: Provides clarity and structure but often slows down play with extensive rules. These systems excel when precision and fairness are crucial, such as in detailed simulations or competitive campaigns.
- Low granularity: Prioritizes narrative flow and accessibility, sacrificing precision for speed and creativity. Minimalist rules can empower players to improvise and lean into storytelling.
Granularity’s importance depends on player preferences. High granularity caters to those who enjoy mastering detailed mechanics or exploring tactical depth. Conversely, players seeking fast-paced, story-driven sessions might prefer the flexibility of low-granularity systems.

The interaction between granularity and other scales is key. For example, high granularity often pairs well with high fidelity when realism is a goal, as in games like Call of Cthulhu. However, it might clash with high connectivity when detailed mechanics interfere with narrative immersion.

2. Modularity

Modularity examines whether a game’s mechanics can function independently or integrate additional subsystems without disrupting the core rules. While modular games excel in flexibility and customizability, tightly integrated systems maintain consistency and reinforce their themes.
- High modularity: Games like Dungeons & Dragons thrive here, allowing the addition of feats, crafting systems, or optional rules without breaking the foundation. This adaptability has enabled D&D’s long-lasting popularity and its ability to support various playstyles and genres.
- Low modularity: Systems like Blades in the Dark or Apocalypse World have tightly integrated mechanics that are harder to separate or tweak without losing the intended experience. These games rely on focused systems that ensure every rule reinforces the theme.
High modularity supports flexibility and customization, enabling GMs and players to tailor the experience to their preferences. This is especially valuable in long-running campaigns or for groups with specific narrative or mechanical interests. In contrast, low modularity ensures a unified play experience where every rule contributes to the game’s thematic and narrative goals.

For example, a modular game like GURPS allows players to create entirely new genres or settings, while a low-modularity game like Blades in the Dark deeply intertwines its heist mechanics with its narrative, making it harder to adapt without losing its essence.

3. Connectivity

Connectivity refers to how closely the game’s mechanics link to its setting or story. High connectivity fosters immersion, embedding players deeply in the game world. However, low connectivity can allow the same system to support wildly different stories.
- High connectivity: Games like Apocalypse World tie their mechanics directly to narrative beats and thematic elements. Moves in these systems feel intrinsically tied to the world and its flavor, creating a strong sense of immersion.
- Low connectivity: Systems like Savage Worlds or GURPS use universal mechanics designed to adapt across genres, settings, or styles. Their flexibility allows for a wide variety of stories but can result in a less immersive experience.
Mechanics in high connectivity games are designed to evoke the tone, mood, and flavor of the setting. Conversely, low-connectivity systems prioritize flexibility, enabling creators to use the same mechanics across multiple genres and settings.

An excellent example of high connectivity is Call of Cthulhu, where the Sanity system deeply reflects its themes of cosmic horror. In contrast, Savage Worlds or GURPS offers flexibility, allowing players to jump from pulp adventure to hard science fiction without needing entirely new rules.

Call of Cthulhu and Pendragon (also from Chaosium) also reflect an interesting intersection: low connectivity systems can be developed into high connectivity games. BRP is a generic roleplaying system that both use. However, their implementations are high connectivity with the way Sanity is integrated in CoC and the way morality is directly tied into the mechanics for Pendragon.

4. Fidelity

Fidelity measures how well a game’s rules express its core genre or themes. High fidelity creates genre-rich experiences but may alienate those unfamiliar with its style. Low fidelity broadens accessibility, making it easier to approach but sometimes losing specific thematic weight.
- High fidelity: A game like Call of Cthulhu uses its Sanity mechanics to evoke the horror of cosmic dread, weaving the theme into every aspect of play.
- Low fidelity: Systems with generic mechanics, such as FATE, prioritize versatility over thematic depth. While these games can be tailored to fit many genres, they may not evoke specific moods as strongly as high-fidelity systems.
High fidelity creates genre-rich experiences but may alienate those unfamiliar with its style or unwilling to embrace its thematic focus. Low fidelity broadens accessibility, allowing games to be more flexible and replayable across genres.

The impact of fidelity on play can be profound. A high-fidelity game like Cthulhu Dark leverages simplicity to heighten its horror themes, while a low-fidelity system like FATE allows players to create settings and genres tailored to their specific desires, at the expense of specific thematic resonance.

Clarity: Distinguishing Connectivity and Fidelity

Connectivity and fidelity are closely related with some overlap, but are nevertheless distinct aspects of TTRPG design. Connectivity is focused on how mechanics push the narrative forward, how they shape and influence the story. Games with high connectivity, like Apocalypse World, have mechanics that tie directly to the development of the story and its characters, driving the narrative momentum.

Fidelity, however, is about how well a game’s mechanics represent its core genre or theme. High-fidelity games, such as Blades in the Dark, reinforce the setting’s dark, gritty nature through mechanics like stress and trauma, which emphasize the risks and emotional weight of the game’s actions. Morality and corruption mechanics are also often high fidelity, but also quite often only drive the narrative forward by their interpreted consequences and future play rather than a direct high connectivity narrative mechanic (Vampire: The Masquerade presents a good example).

Fidelity isn’t just about advancing the story; it’s about enhancing the mood and emotional engagement with the genre or game concept itself. The key difference is that while connectivity is about narrative flow and how the mechanics influence the direction of the story, fidelity is about how deeply the mechanics immerse players in the themes and atmosphere of the setting.

Why These Scales Matter

Each game balances these scales differently, creating unique experiences for players and GMs. For example:
- A gritty cyberpunk game might lean heavily into high granularity, high connectivity, and high fidelity to emphasize its dystopian tone.
- A pulpy adventure game might favor modularity and low granularity for fast-paced, action-packed play.
Games that deliberately subvert these scales often create surprising or innovative experiences. For instance:
- A modular, low-fidelity system like early D&D used in a thematic setting like Dragonlance.
- A rules-lite, high-fidelity system like Cthulhu Dark, where simplicity reinforces the core horror theme.
By recognizing how these scales interact, designers and players can make intentional choices that suit their desired play experience. Balancing granularity, modularity, connectivity, and fidelity allows for rich, varied TTRPG experiences that cater to diverse preferences and playstyles.

What do you think about this model? How do you see these factors? Poke us on Bluesky and let us know!

Share this with friends:
Related posts:
December 14, 2024