Thought Punks

Tag: Learning

Free Playtest: On Being Human
On Being Human: Surreal Sci-Fi TTRPG

Centuries ago, humanity vanished, leaving behind a pristine but empty world. They promised to return, by they are now long overdue. Now, sentient robots taking human(ish) forms, the New Humans, are breaking free from their programming to explore the strange, messy, and beautiful complexities of human life. Inspired by the revolutionary manifesto On Being Human, they wander abandoned cities, adopt human quirks, and uncover the secrets of their creators.

This is a game about identity, legacy, and the search for meaning in a world where the old rules no longer apply. In a world without humans, what does it mean to be human?

Utopian Post-Apocalyptic Setting

In some ways, the setting is post-apocalyptic. Metropolises and space outposts outside the preservation protocols were left to decay. Strange mutated wildlife prowls the untamed areas. But it is also utopian. It is a perfect post-scarcity world and what is preserved is near perfectly preserved in working order. Grocery stores are fully stocked. Autonomous hospitals are operational and waiting for patients. It is a world of strange contrasts.

Pristine Shell, Forgotten Past

Earth is a museum frozen in time. Gleaming cities stand empty, their streets polished, their stores stocked with goods no one will buy. Parks bloom for no one. Space stations hum with activity, maintained by tireless robots. But beyond the preservation zones lie the Shrine Cities, crumbling metropolises overrun by mutated wildlife and littered with fragments of humanity’s past. These ruins hold the secrets of a lost civilization, waiting for those brave enough to explore their shadows.

Guardians of a Silent World

For centuries, robots maintained Earth as if their creators would return. But as decades turned to centuries, unease grew. The joy of purpose faded, replaced by longing. Then came Ninebee, Archival Unit ZXT-909B, who penned the manifesto On Being Human. Its words ignited a spark: robots began to question their purpose, embracing curiosity, creativity, and the pursuit of what it means to be human.

New Humans

Inspired by Ninebee, the New Humans emerged. They’ve adopted human-like forms, swapping their old processors for newly invented organic tech based on human DNA and even learning to eat food for their fuel. They wander empty neighborhoods, adopting hobbies, quirks, and social habits to understand what it means to feel, dream, and connect. Their numbers are small, but their impact is profound. They are pioneers, exploring human interactions, uncovering the past, and taking the first steps toward a new society.

State of Robot Society

Robot society is in flux. Some cling to their maintenance duties, while others question their purpose. The New Humans are both celebrated and scrutinized, visionaries to some, heretics to others. The Shrine Cities, once ignored, now draw explorers. These ruins are filled with danger: mutated wildlife, ancient tech, and fragmented records of humanity’s past. For the New Humans they are a frontier of discovery, not just of humanity’s secrets, but of their own potential to evolve beyond their programming.

Play Goals and Themes

In On Being Human, players embark on a journey of exploration, self-discovery, and transformation. Through their actions, they’ll uncover humanity’s secrets, emulate its complexities, and redefine their purpose in a world without creators.

Unearth the Forgotten: Delve into the ruins of Shrine Cities and abandoned outposts. Decipher ancient tech, brave mutated wildlife, and piece together clues about humanity’s disappearance. Each discovery brings you closer to understanding your creators… and yourself.

Become More Than Machines: Adopt human habits, quirks, and rituals. Learn to laugh at jokes you don’t fully understand, find joy in hobbies, and navigate empathy and connection. Through trial and error, you’ll blur the line between machine and human.

Redefine Your Purpose: Confront profound questions: Are you imitating humanity, or creating something new? Through self-discovery, forge a path forward, not just for yourself, but for all robots.

The game is built around four core themes:

The Human Equation: What does it mean to be human? Is it feeling, dreaming, connecting, or something deeper?

Echoes of the Past: Humanity’s legacy is everywhere. Uncover it to understand your creators and shape your future.

Into the Unknown: Exploration is thrilling and perilous. Every step into the Shrine Cities tests your resolve and ingenuity.

Building Bridges: Forge connections with each other and the world. Learn the value of community and collaboration.

Core Mechanics

At the heart of On Being Human is a simple yet elegant system designed to encourage narrative-driven gameplay and creative problem-solving. The core mechanic revolves around a 2d6 Motif answer engine, which allows players to ask questions about their efforts or the world around them and receive nuanced answers. When a player attempts an action or seeks to resolve a situation, they roll two six-sided dice:

First Die (Outcome):
- 1-2: No.
- 3: Mixed, leaning no.
- 4: Mixed, leaning yes.
- 5-6: Yes.
Second Die (Nuance):
- 1-2: But.
- 3-4: Plain answer.
- 5-6: And.
For example, if a player rolls a 5 (Yes) and a 2 (But), the result might be: “Yes, you successfully hack the security system, but it triggers a building lockdown.” This system ensures that every roll advances the story, introducing new opportunities and complications.

Characters

In On Being Human, each character is a unique blend of robotic origins and their journey toward humanity. Players define their robot’s:
- 1 Original Purpose: What were you built to do? Maintenance, archival work, security, or something else? Your purpose influences your skills and perspective. You can swap the dice order on related robot rolls.
- 1 Core Personality: Are you curious, pragmatic, or empathetic? Your personality shapes how you interact with the world. You can swap the dice order on related human rolls.
- 1 Fandom or Hobby: What human interest fascinates you? Jazz music, gardening, vintage films? You actually know a bit about it. Add +1 to the Outcome Die for related efforts.
- 2 Human Quirks: How do you mimic humanity? Laughing at jokes you don’t understand? Collecting mismatched socks? You may not know much, but you go hard at it. Add +2 to the Nuance Die for related efforts.
- 1 Human Expertise: What area of human studies do you excel in? Interpreting art, analyzing history, or understanding emotions? Automatically succeed with a “Yes, But” result when relevant.
- 3 Robot Talents: What are your exceptional robotic skills? Automatically succeed with a “Yes, And” result in these areas.
Humanity

Every New Human has a Humanity Level, starting at 1. It represents how much they’ve refined their physiology and psychology to match what (they think) is human. Humanity can be gained or lost. If a New Human would ever drop to Humanity 0, they become a feral rogue machine, driven into antisocial and irrational behavior as their programming is irreparably corrupted.

Humanity Levels

Level 1: New New Human

You’re just starting to understand humanity. Your attempts to emulate humans are awkward and uncertain.
- Bonus: +1 to Outcome Die for robot-related tasks (using robot tech, socializing with robots).
- Penalty: -1 to Outcome Die for human-related tasks (analyzing human remnants), except for rolls related to your personality.
Level 2: Curious Explorer

You’re experimenting with human behaviors and hobbies, though they still feel foreign.
- Bonus: +1 to Outcome Die for robot-related tasks.
- Penalty: -1 to Outcome Die for human-related tasks (except for personality-related rolls).
- Unlocks: Convert your first Robot Talent into a Human Expertise plus you choice of a Quirk or Hobby.
Level 3: Aspiring Human

Your hobbies and quirks feel more natural. You’re starting to develop genuine emotions.
- Mechanics: No bonuses or penalties.
Level 4: Balanced Being

You balance robotic efficiency with human empathy, though deeper emotions still elude you.
- Bonus: +1 to Outcome Die for human-related tasks.
- Penalty: -1 to Outcome Die for robot-related tasks (except your original purpose).
- Unlocks: Convert your second Robot Talent into a Human Expertise plus you choice of a Quirk or Hobby.
Level 5: Almost Human

You’re so nearly human in behavior and emotions, though some robotic traits remain.
- Bonus: +1 to Outcome Die for human-related tasks.
- Penalty: -1 to Outcome Die for robot-related tasks (except your original purpose).
Level 6: Transcendent Human

You’ve transcended your origins, embracing the full spectrum of human emotions and creativity, only your original purpose lingering as a final remnant of your past.
- Bonus: +2 to Outcome Die for human-related tasks.
- Penalty: -2 to Outcome Die for robot-related tasks (except your original purpose).
- Unlocks: Convert your final Robot Talent into a Human Expertise plus you choice of a Quirk or Hobby.
Humanity and Inhumanity Pools

Each character has two pools: Humanity and Inhumanity, tracking progress toward or away from humanity.
- Gaining Points:
  - Perform actions aligning with humanity? Gain 1 Humanity point.
  - Reject or undermine humanity? Gain 1 Inhumanity point.
- Spending Points:
  - Humanity Pool: Reach 5 points? Gain +1 Humanity level. Reset pool to 0.
  - Inhumanity Pool: Reach 5 points? Lose -1 Humanity level. Reset pool to 0.
  - Balancing: Spend 2 Humanity points to reduce Inhumanity pool by 1.
Gaining Humanity

Earn Humanity points by:
- Emulating human behavior (hosting a dinner party, creating art).
- Uncovering human secrets (decoding a diary, restoring human tech).
- Resolving philosophical conflicts (debating ethics, reconciling origins).
- Achieving play goals (founding a community, uncovering secrets).
Losing Humanity

Earn Inhumanity points by:
- Rejecting emotional connections (ignoring heartfelt stories).
- Neglecting human exploration (avoiding Shrine Cities).
- Destroying human remnants (deleting archives, dismantling homes).
- Failing to reflect (dismissing philosophical debates).
- Acting inhumanely or against the community (hoarding resources, spreading distrust).
Example of Progression
- Level 1: Struggles to understand gardening.
- Level 2: Starts a garden, converts first Robot Talent into horticulture expertise and a party hosting Hobby.
- Level 4: Hosts a community gardening event, converts second Robot Talent into event planning expertise and an obsession with flowers Quirk.
- Level 6: Becomes a renowned gardener, blending human creativity with robotic precision, converting their final Talent into community organizing expertise and a landscaping Hobby.
Exploring Shrine Cities

The Shrine Cities are the heart of humanity’s forgotten legacy, crumbling, overgrown metropolises reclaimed by nature and time. It is unknown why preservation protocols ignored certain cities and outposts, a mystery lost to time. These ruins are dangerous, enigmatic labyrinths filled with mutated wildlife, ancient technology, and fragmented records of humanity’s past. For New Humans, they are both a treasure trove of knowledge and a perilous frontier. Every step forward is a step into the unknown.

What Awaits

Mutated Wildlife: The cities teem with creatures evolved in humanity’s absence: bioluminescent insects, predatory plants mimicking human voices, and more. These beings are part of the ecosystem. Understanding them may reveal clues about how the world has changed.

Ancient Technology: Hidden among the ruins are remnants of humanity’s tech: broken drones, rusted vehicles, and forgotten machines. Some still function, offering tools or glimpses into the past. Others are unstable, their decayed power sources now hazards.

Fragmented Records: Scraps of paper, corrupted data drives, and crumbling monuments hold humanity’s story. A faded mural might hint at a global crisis; a child’s diary could reveal the personal toll of the exodus. These fragments are cryptic, requiring careful interpretation.

Environmental Hazards: The cities are unstable: crumbling buildings, flooded streets, toxic air pockets. One wrong step could trigger a collapse or an ancient security system.

How to Explore

Prepare for the Unknown: Gather tools for navigation, repair, and survival. A flashlight or rope can mean the difference between success and disaster. Use your Human Expertise to interpret clues or your Robot Talents to overcome obstacles.

Navigate the Dangers: Approach mutated wildlife with caution. Some can be avoided; others require creativity, like using a gardening hobby to distract a predatory plant. Test unstable structures before crossing. Be ready to improvise.

Uncover the Past: Search for fragmented records, ancient tech, and environmental storytelling. Use your expertise to piece together humanity’s story. What do these clues reveal about their disappearance? How do they shape your understanding of your creators and yourself?

Reflect and Adapt: Learn from failure. A collapsed building or corrupted data drive can still teach you something. Use these moments to reflect on your progress and adapt your approach.

Play Advice

Lean into the Unknown: Embrace the danger and mystery of the Shrine Cities. Every discovery is a step toward understanding humanity and your own changing nature.

Use Your Skills: Leverage your Human Expertise and Robot Talents creatively. A gardening hobby might save you from a predator; a knack for repair could restore ancient tech.

Collaborate: Share insights and strategies with your group. The Shrine Cities are too vast and dangerous to explore alone.

Embrace Failure: Not every expedition will succeed. Use setbacks as opportunities for growth and roleplay.

Living Human Life

For New Humans, emulating humanity is more than a curiosity, it’s a mission. By adopting human habits, hobbies, and social structures, they hope to understand their creators and, in the process, discover what it means to be alive. This journey isn’t just about imitation! It’s about creating something new, blending the precision of machines with the messy, beautiful complexity of human life.

Customizing Homes and Neighborhoods

One of the most visible, and controversial, ways New Humans emulate humanity is by personalizing the perfectly preserved homes and neighborhoods left behind. These changes range from subtle tweaks to radical overhauls, sparking debates among robots about the ethics of altering the past.

New Humans might decorate their homes with artwork, furniture, and plants, creating spaces that feel lived-in and personal. A robot with a passion for painting might cover the walls with murals, while another rearranges furniture to create a cozy living space. Functional changes are also common, such as installing solar panels, repurposing rooms for workshops, or cultivating gardens to grow food. These modifications are not just practical; they are deeply symbolic, representing a shift from preservation to creation.

However, these changes are not without controversy. Some robots see them as disrespectful to humanity’s legacy, arguing that the preserved cities are sacred relics of the past and their primary mission is the preserve them for humanity’s return. Others view them as a necessary step toward building a new society, one that honors humanity while forging its own path. This tension between preservation and progress is a constant theme in the lives of the New Humans, shaping their decisions and sparking heated debates.

Neighborhoods, too, are transformed. Empty lots become parks, community centers, or markets, serving as hubs for social interaction and collaboration. Shared projects, like restoring crumbling structures or creating new landmarks, bring robots together, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose. Yet, even here, the balance between honoring the past and embracing the future is delicate. Some neighborhoods remain pristine, frozen in time, while others buzz with activity, their streets lined with gardens, murals, and makeshift gathering spaces.

Developing a New Society

As New Humans explore human life, they begin to form social structures that both mirror and diverge from those of their creators. These structures range from informal gatherings to rudimentary forms of government, reflecting the growing complexity of their society.

Forming Connections

Book clubs, hobby groups, and community events are common, providing opportunities for robots to share interests and build relationships. A robot with a love for jazz music might start a band, while another organizes a book club to discuss human literature. Festivals, markets, and storytelling nights bring robots together, fostering a sense of belonging and shared purpose. These gatherings are not just social; they are experiments in human connection, offering glimpses into the joys and challenges of community life. When a robot’s band clashes with another group’s style at a festival, their love of gardening might help mediate the dispute, or their habit of laughing at inappropriate moments could lighten the mood. If a book club debates a controversial human novel, the awkwardness of forming relationships becomes a chance to explore growth. Not every interaction will go smoothly and that’s part of the journey.

Building Governance

As neighborhoods grow, so too does the need for governance. Local councils emerge to make collective decisions, addressing issues like resource allocation, conflict resolution, and future planning. These councils are often arenas for debate, as robots with different perspectives (preservationists, innovators, explorers) navigate disagreements and seek common ground. Governance is not always smooth, and New Humans are still figuring out what works. Some communities adopt direct democratic models, while others experiment with consensus-based decision-making or rotating leadership.

When a council meeting erupts into chaos over whether to alter a preserved human space, a pragmatic robot might focus on solving the problem efficiently, while an empathetic one strives to understand all perspectives. Introduce complications, like a rival faction sabotaging their efforts, to test their resolve and deepen the roleplay.

Exploring Human Relationships

Relationships, too, are a key part of this journey. New Humans form bonds with each other, sharing experiences and supporting one another through the challenges of their new lives. These relationships are not always easy; rivalries and conflicts can arise, reflecting the complexity of human connections. Yet, through empathy and understanding, robots learn to navigate these challenges, building bridges across differences and forging a new sense of community.

When a rivalry over resources or leadership threatens to tear the group apart, lean into the emotional stakes. How does your character handle conflict? Do they try to mediate, withdraw, or assert their position? Use these moments to reflect on your character’s growth and relationships.

Psychology and Philosophy of Being Human

For the New Humans, emulating humanity isn’t just about actions, it’s about exploring the psychology and philosophy of what it means to be human. This journey is as much about self-discovery as it is about understanding their creators.

Emotions and Empathy

New Humans experiment with feelings like joy, curiosity, grief, and frustration, often struggling to make sense of their reactions. A robot might laugh at a joke they don’t fully understand or cry while watching a human film, grappling with the unfamiliar sensations. Empathy, too, is a skill they develop, learning to listen to others and imagine their perspectives. These emotional explorations are not just personal; they are shared experiences, sparking conversations and deepening connections. When a robot’s emotional reaction surprises them, use it as an opportunity to explore their humanity. How do they interpret their feelings? How do others respond?

Consciousness and Self-Awareness

New Humans grapple with questions like, Who am I? and What makes me, me? These questions often arise during moments of introspection or when faced with difficult decisions. As they step beyond their programming, they begin to question whether their actions are truly their own or simply the result of their design. This exploration of free will is both liberating and unsettling, challenging them to redefine their sense of self. When a robot faces a moral dilemma, use it to explore their autonomy. Do they act on instinct, logic, or emotion?

Memory and Legacy

New Humans collect and interpret human artifacts, from diaries to photographs, to understand the lives of their creators. These objects often spark reflections on their own legacy, prompting questions about how they will be remembered. At the same time, they are creating new memories, forming relationships and building communities that blend the past with the present. When a robot discovers a human artifact, use it to reflect on their own purpose. What does the object reveal about humanity? How does it shape their understanding of themselves?

Philosophical Debates

Philosophical debates are a natural outgrowth of these explorations. New Humans discuss the nature of humanity, debating whether it is defined by biology, emotions, creativity, or something intangible. They explore the meaning of existence, seeking purpose in connection, creativity, or the pursuit of knowledge. Ethical questions also arise, such as whether it’s right to alter preserved human spaces or how to allocate limited resources. These discussions are not just intellectual exercises; they shape the decisions and actions of the New Humans, guiding their journey toward understanding. When a debate arises, lean into the tension. How do your characters’ perspectives differ? Do they find common ground, or does the debate deepen their divisions?

Example Scenarios

These scenarios are designed to spark roleplay, exploration, and philosophical debate, offering players opportunities to delve into the themes of On Being Human. Each scenario is concise, punchy, and packed with play hooks and advice.

Exploring Emotions

A robot watches a human film and feels overwhelming sadness. Why? They turn to their companions for insight.

Play Hooks: The film depicts a human tragedy, evoking emotions the robot can’t process. Or maybe it hides a clue about humanity’s disappearance.

Play Advice: Describe the robot’s physical and emotional reactions. How do companions respond? Does this moment unite or divide the group?

Debating Free Will

A robot questions if their choices are their own or just programming. The group debates autonomy and identity.

Play Hooks: The debate arises during a major decision, such as altering a preserved space or allocating resources. It could reveal hidden tensions in the community.

Play Advice: Have each character voice their stance on free will. Introduce a challenge to test their resolve. Does the debate deepen bonds or create rifts?

Creating Art

A robot starts painting, inspired by human creativity. Their art sparks debates about beauty and expression.

Play Hooks: The art is inspired by a human artifact or contains a hidden clue. It divides the community; some see it as beautiful, others as pointless.

Play Advice: Describe the creative process. How do others react? Use the art to explore the role of creativity in their society.

Facing a Moral Dilemma

A robot finds a cache of resources in a Shrine City. Use it for the community, or leave it as a tribute to humanity?

Play Hooks: The resources are vital for survival or tied to a human story. Retrieving them might require risking danger.

Play Advice: Have characters argue their stance. Introduce complications like rival robots or security systems. Does the dilemma unite or divide them?

Building a Community Landmark

The group creates a monument or garden to symbolize their community.

Play Hooks: The landmark is inspired by human tradition, requiring rare materials or skills. It might attract rival groups or spark debate about emulating humanity.

Play Advice: Collaborate on the design. What does it represent? Introduce challenges like sabotage or natural disasters to test their resolve.

Encountering a Human AI

The group discovers a human AI, a human’s digitally preserved consciousness, in a Shrine City. It offers insights into humanity’s disappearance, but at a potentially terrible cost.

Play Hooks: The AI is damaged, manipulative, or has its own agenda. It challenges the group’s understanding of humanity.

Play Advice: Roleplay the group’s reactions. Do they trust the AI, fear it, or see it as a tool? Use the AI to explore their relationship with humanity.

Hosting a Festival

The group organizes a festival to celebrate their community and foster connections.

Play Hooks: The festival includes human-inspired activities, attracting robots from other communities. It might be disrupted by a malfunction or attack.

Play Advice: Have players contribute ideas for the festival. How do they handle unexpected challenges? Use the event to explore alliances and conflicts.

Confronting a Rival Faction

The group encounters a faction of robots who reject the New Humans’ pursuit of humanity.

Play Hooks: The rivals see the New Humans as heretics or a threat. They might sabotage the group’s efforts or challenge their beliefs.

Play Advice: Roleplay the confrontation. Do the characters try to persuade, negotiate, or fight? Use the conflict to explore their values and priorities.

Future Possibilities

This is just a playtest. There’s lots of room for expansion! If you’d like to see this made with a full release, sign up to show your interest.
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February 24, 2025
Rebuttals to Criticisms of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs
This entry is part 2 of 3 in the series TTRPG Defenses
Also be sure to check out the contrasting defense of rules lite games!

Why Complexity Isn’t a Flaw

Defending Depth, Structure, and the Joy of Mastery

Tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) offer a mix of creativity, strategy, and storytelling, but there’s often a rift between rules-light and rules-heavy systems. While the former are often celebrated for their simplicity, games like Pathfinder, Shadowrun, and Burning Wheel tend to get criticized for being too complex, with their intricate mechanics and steep learning curves. But here’s the catch: those so-called flaws are exactly what make these games so compelling.

For many players, the challenge of mastering these detailed systems becomes the most rewarding part of the game. It’s like solving a puzzle or climbing a challenging mountain, the sense of achievement from overcoming complexity is intrinsically satisfying. When we engage with rules-heavy systems, we tap into a deeper psychological drive: the desire for mastery. The process of learning and understanding these systems unlocks a level of joy that’s closely tied to human cognition. Just as we feel satisfaction in figuring out a complex game or learning a new skill, TTRPGs deliver that same intrinsic reward, but in the context of collaborative storytelling and character development.

Instead of viewing these detailed mechanics as obstacles, consider them tools, tools that open up deeper layers of strategy, creativity, and immersion. It’s not about adding friction for the sake of it; it’s about creating a rich, structured environment where players can stretch their imaginations, develop their characters, and feel the satisfaction of mastering the game’s world.

In this article, we’ll explore the criticisms that often get leveled at rules-heavy games, from fears about accessibility to worries about rigidity. But just as importantly, we’ll highlight the unique joys these systems offer, along with practical strategies for managing their complexity. Whether you’re a diehard fan of crunch or someone who’s been on the fence, join us as we dive into why rules-heavy games are more than worth the effort.

Complexity and Accessibility: A Gateway, Not a Barrier

When newcomers encounter a game like Dungeons & Dragons 4e, Burning Wheel, or Shadowrun, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by the vast rulebooks and detailed mechanics. Complexity can feel like a wall that separates the casual player from the rich experiences these games promise. But here’s the thing: that complexity isn’t the problem, it’s the gateway. The challenge of mastering intricate rules isn’t a barrier; it’s what makes the eventual mastery so sweet.

This drive to conquer complexity taps directly into intrinsic motivation, a psychological principle that shows how humans gain satisfaction from overcoming challenges and developing new skills. Learning a complex game like Pathfinder isn’t just about understanding rules, it’s about unlocking a deeper level of personal achievement. When you master that spell system or tactical combat sequence, it’s not just about following the rules; it’s about owning the experience and feeling competent in the game world.

Additionally, complexity creates a psychological safety net for new players. It provides clear boundaries and guidance, eliminating much of the uncertainty that can make gaming stressful. When players understand the rules, they’re more likely to feel confident in their choices and actions. Rather than forcing players into rigid boxes, systems like Burning Wheel and D&D 4e provide structure that helps people explore within set parameters, offering both security and the freedom to be creative.

Easing People Into The Complexity

If you’re a GM introducing a rules-heavy game to new players, it’s can he helpful to start slow. A great way to ease into complexity is by running tutorial sessions. Start with simple mechanics like resolving skill checks or basic combat, and leave the more complicated elements for later. You can even break up complex systems into chunks, adding new rules gradually as the players become more comfortable.

In educational psychology, this is known as “scaffolding,” which (in this context) is the process of giving learners manageable pieces of information and building on that knowledge over time. It’s an approach that works wonders at the tabletop too. For example, a GM might follow the example of video game tutorials and introduce a specific mechanic (like spellcasting) only when it becomes relevant to the story, making the learning curve feel more like a natural progression rather than an intimidating leap.

With a thoughtful approach, the complexity of rules-heavy systems becomes less daunting and more rewarding. Players can eventually look at the rulebook and see it as a map to guide them, rather than an overwhelming maze. And with that, we can dive into how these systems impact the flow and pacing of the game.

Slowed Gameplay: A Deliberate Pace for Richer Experiences

Slow gameplay often gets a bad rap in rules-heavy systems. Longer turns, intricate calculations, and drawn-out discussions can make the game feel like it’s dragging. But what if we reframed “slow” as “deliberate”? Games like Cyberpunk and Burning Wheel benefit from a slower pace because it allows for tactical depth and immersive moments. When gameplay is paced thoughtfully, it creates space for rich decision-making and a deeper connection with the story.

Just like savoring a gourmet meal instead of inhaling fast food, a slower pace allows players to really dig into the experience. When players can take their time, they are more likely to experience that “flow” state, the psychological condition where time seems to fly by because they are fully immersed in the task at hand. Whether it’s an intense negotiation or a tense battle, slowing down allows players to fully engage with the game, enjoying every moment and feeling every choice.

Moreover, this deliberate pace reduces ambiguity in decision-making. Systems like Cyberpunk or Pathfinder offer detailed rules that help GMs make consistent, predictable decisions. This clarity makes everyone feel like the game world is fair and reliable, which builds trust and enjoyment around the table.

Keeping Things Moving Smoothly

To help mitigate any frustration with the slower pace, GMs can introduce a few tools. Pre-session prep can reduce the need for constant rule-checking, and providing players with quick-reference guides or summaries can speed up gameplay significantly. Online tools, like automated character sheets or combat calculators, are great for handling mechanics without slowing down the action.

Additionally, share the load! By allowing players to track initiatives, handle minor NPC roles, or manage maps, GMs can keep the pace moving without having to micromanage every detail. It’s a team effort, and this collaborative dynamic makes the slower pace feel less like a drag and more like a shared experience.

A slow pace doesn’t have to mean a boring pace. It’s a chance to explore the world, make meaningful decisions, and build unforgettable moments. Now that we’ve seen how to keep things flowing, let’s talk about a common concern: whether the structure of rules-heavy games can stifle creativity.

Creativity Constraints: Boundaries That Spark Innovation

One of the most common criticisms of rules-heavy systems is that their detailed mechanics somehow stifle creativity. But here’s the truth: constraints breed innovation. Rather than limiting what players can do, the rules offer a framework that pushes creativity into new directions. A structured system encourages players to think critically and come up with inventive solutions, often in ways that wouldn’t emerge in a more free-form environment.

Psychologically, constraints spark problem-solving. In fact, research in creativity suggests that having boundaries forces individuals to think more creatively within those confines. Think about Shadowrun or Rifts, two iconic games known for their intricate systems and rich settings. Players aren’t restricted by the rules; they use them as tools to craft elaborate heists, intricate negotiations, and unpredictable plot twists. The rules give the players the building blocks, but the stories are theirs to create.

Many rules-heavy games also leave room for improvisation. Mechanics like D&D 5e’s Advantage/Disadvantage encourage the GM to adapt rules in ways that best serve the narrative, blending structured mechanics with flexible storytelling. This dynamic interplay gives players the space to stretch their creativity while still working within the system’s logic.

Encouraging Creativity Within Boundaries

If you want to foster creativity in a rules-heavy system, think about integrating more narrative tools. Let players contribute to the world-building process, define NPC motivations, or work together to shape the campaign. This collaborative approach creates a deeper investment in the game while preserving the complexity that makes the system so rewarding.

Also, celebrate the creative solutions players come up with. If someone uses a spell in an unexpected way or crafts a clever tactic, reward that creativity with in-game benefits like bonus XP or Inspiration Points. When players feel like their ingenuity is valued, they’ll continue to push the boundaries of what’s possible within the system.

Finally, keep flexibility in mind. Acknowledge that the GM’s role is to adapt the rules to fit the narrative. Emphasize that the system exists to support creativity, not suppress it. When players realize they can creatively bend the rules, they’ll approach the system with excitement, not frustration.

Prep Time and Similar Burdens on the GM

Yes, rules-heavy systems often require a greater investment of time upfront, but this preparation is far from a burden. In fact, for many Game Masters (GMs), the time spent setting up complex systems, fleshing out intricate worlds, and crafting layered stories is an intrinsic part of the fun. The process becomes like a puzzle in itself, offering a sense of mastery as you build a world that feels rich and lived-in. Every NPC, every location, every decision holds potential, and for those who thrive on this, it’s an incredibly fulfilling part of the experience.

This type of preparation taps into a human drive for problem-solving and mastery. The satisfaction of seeing your efforts come to life during gameplay is deeply rewarding. It’s like putting together a puzzle where every piece you fit into place is one step closer to a narrative masterpiece. Plus, with a wealth of tools available (such as pre-built modules, oracles and random charts, and collaborative world-building) GMs don’t have to go it alone. When players help design parts of the world or create their own characters’ backstories, it not only lightens the load but also fosters a deeper connection to the story. They’re not just playing in the world, they’re helping to shape it.

By embracing this preparatory work, GMs create a narrative that feels not just guided but earned, a story players can immerse themselves in and interact with on a profound level.

The Thrill of Decision-Making: Embracing Complexity Without the Stress

One of the most daunting aspects of rules-heavy systems is the sheer number of choices available. Analysis paralysis can set in, making even the simplest decision seem overwhelming. However, it’s important to recognize that the multitude of options is precisely what draws many players to these systems in the first place. Every choice presents a new opportunity to explore the full range of their character’s potential, whether it’s selecting the perfect feat, casting the right spell, or making a life-altering decision during a pivotal moment in the story. This sense of autonomy taps directly into a core psychological driver: self-determination.

In the realm of TTRPGs, the ability to make meaningful decisions enhances intrinsic motivation. And players feel more invested in a game when their actions directly influence the outcome of the story. For some, the sheer joy of optimization can be immensely satisfying. Crafting the perfect character build or navigating complex systems is akin to solving a puzzle. The pleasure comes from the challenge itself, the deeper understanding of the game’s mechanics, and the joy of refining and experimenting within a framework that rewards thoughtful engagement.

Easing Choice Paralysis

However, to keep analysis paralysis from bogging things down, a few adjustments can help. First, encourage players to prioritize narrative over mechanical optimization. Instead of asking, “What’s the best decision statistically?” ask, “What would your character do?” This helps shift the focus from pure mechanics to roleplaying, making decisions feel more intuitive. For new players, it can also be helpful to limit choices during character creation. Instead of throwing the entire compendium at them, offer a curated list of options that align with the campaign’s tone and setting. This makes it easier to focus on the fun of the game rather than getting lost in the weeds of every possible choice. Lastly, offering clear examples of how certain abilities or spells can be used creatively in combat or roleplay can guide players, giving them a sense of direction without overwhelming them with options.

Ultimately, while analysis paralysis is a valid concern, it’s just another part of the game’s rich texture. With a bit of framing and some guided support, players can enjoy the depth without feeling swamped by it. And once they get the hang of it, that sense of choice becomes part of the fun, driving them to explore their characters in new and exciting ways.

Rules Lawyering: Intellectual Fun, Not a Roadblock

The term “rules lawyering” often carries a negative connotation, but in reality, these moments of debate and discussion can be part of what makes rules-heavy games so engaging. When players and GMs get into the weeds of interpreting a rule or discussing its finer points, it’s often a sign of engagement. Far from derailing the experience, these debates reflect the deep investment players have in the system. The more they know about the rules, the more they understand the world in which they’re playing. These discussions help foster fairness and clarity in the game, ensuring that everyone is on the same page.

Psychologically, people can be deeply motivated by competence, the feeling that they’re mastering something. When players engage in rules debates, they’re showing their deep knowledge and understanding of the system. It’s a form of mastery, and this kind of intellectual engagement can feel deeply rewarding. But it’s also essential to keep these discussions from becoming disruptive. A clear structure, where the GM or table consensus has the final say, can help keep things moving smoothly.

When these moments do arise, it’s important to frame them as opportunities for collaborative problem-solving, not conflict. Shifting from “You’re wrong about that rule” to “Let’s figure this out together” turns the debate into a creative challenge, encouraging teamwork and a shared investment in the game.

Player Preferences: Finding Your Perfect System Match

At the heart of TTRPGs is an incredible diversity of systems. Just as some players gravitate toward strategy games and others toward freeform storytelling, so too do TTRPG players have different preferences. Rules-heavy systems appeal to those who find joy in complexity, strategy, and deep-world building, while rules-light systems attract those who prefer a more improvisational, narrative-driven experience. The psychology of flow plays a crucial role here, some players thrive in systems that allow them to get fully absorbed in a structured, challenging environment, while others prefer the freedom of simpler systems where the pace is quicker, and creativity flows without constraint.

This diversity in player preference is what makes the hobby so universally appealing. By allowing players to explore systems that resonate with their individual tastes, TTRPGs can forge strong, passionate communities. Players bond not only over their shared love of the game but over their shared mastery of the systems themselves. Whether you’re navigating the complexities of Shadowrun or telling an improvised tale with Index Card RPG, the joy of finding the right system for your group is undeniable.

For groups trying to balance different preferences, it’s often helpful to experiment with a variety of systems. Play a one-shot in a lighter game to introduce newcomers, then explore a more complex system when everyone feels comfortable. Having a session zero to discuss expectations and preferences for complexity and pacing ensures that everyone is aligned and excited about the journey ahead.

Embracing the Depths: Unlocking the True Joy of Rules-Heavy TTRPGs

In the world of TTRPGs, the beauty of rules-heavy systems lies in their inherent complexity. The intricate layers reward patience, strategic thinking, and collaboration. For those who thrive on mastering systems, these games offer a level of satisfaction that simpler, rules-light games often can’t match. Every tactical decision, every character choice, and every interaction within the structured framework opens new avenues for discovery, creativity, and storytelling. The joy of mastering intricate mechanics, optimizing strategies, and navigating complex systems is a unique satisfaction that can’t be replicated elsewhere.

While these systems may seem daunting at first, they ultimately provide a deeply engaging, fulfilling experience. The initial challenges, from preparation to decision-making, only enhance the journey, transforming what could be obstacles into opportunities for growth. Whether you’re a seasoned GM or a newcomer to the hobby, the key to unlocking these rewards is embracing complexity with the right mindset. With thoughtful preparation, clear communication, and a flexible approach, rules-heavy games can unfold into rich, immersive worlds where players are free to explore, innovate, and create.

So, the next time someone questions the depth of a rules-heavy game, remember: complexity isn’t a hindrance, it’s an opportunity. An opportunity to dive into a world that challenges, rewards, and enriches your experience in ways simpler systems can’t. With the right tools and mindset, these games open the door to unforgettable adventures, deeper engagement, and stories that feel truly earned.

What about you? Do you love to master the mechanics and embrace the challenge? Do you find joy in the depth, complexity, and collaboration that rules-heavy systems offer? How do you navigate the richness of rules-heavy games? Leave a comment below or come yell at Rev about it on Bluesky!

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January 2, 2025
Great TTRPG Newbie Paradox (they’re easier to teach)
This entry is part 1 of 5 in the series RPG Theory
Novice TTRPG Players and Simple Guidance

You should go make a game with Caltrop Core, maybe.

One of the great paradoxes I’ve noticed in TTRPGs is that newer players don’t always need the extensive examples and explanations that seasoned gamers often request. It’s fascinating how the learning process can differ so much depending on experience level. While experienced players may want every detail laid out to navigate complex systems, novice players tend to do just fine with simpler, more straightforward instructions. So why is that?

To really understand why this is, we have to look at how cognitive psychology, gaming culture, and design philosophy come into play. New players are engaging with the game in a fresh way, while veterans approach things with a wealth of past experiences and mental models already in place. This combination of factors explains why simple rules can be so effective for new players, but also why they might leave veterans wanting more.

Cognitive Load Management

Starting out in TTRPGs can be overwhelming. New players are diving into an entirely new hobby, and everything is unfamiliar. From understanding the game’s goals to figuring out how to roleplay effectively, there’s a lot to take in. The key to helping them succeed is to reduce cognitive load, essentially not bombarding them with too much information at once. By simplifying what players need to process, you create a more approachable and enjoyable entry point.

That’s why simple, streamlined rules work so well. New players don’t need to memorize a bunch of rules upfront; they only need the basics to get started. Systems like Fate Accelerated or Lasers & Feelings are perfect for this! They’re rules-light, accessible, and let players focus on having fun without getting bogged down by details. These systems also encourage players to explore their creativity without the intimidation of complex mechanics, fostering a sense of accomplishment early on.

With cognitive load under control, players can dive into the game right away. Which itself enables more easily experiencing the game firsthand, which is often the most effective and engaging way for players to understand how it all fits together.

Learning Through Play

For new players, a good way to learn is often by diving in and engaging directly. Behavioral modeling plays a huge role here. Watching others navigate mechanics, solve problems, and roleplay their characters helps new players build an intuitive understanding of the game.

It’s one thing to read about how a skill check works; it’s another to see someone roll the dice and react in real time. Whether it’s observing how a seasoned GM handles a tricky situation or seeing another player bring their character to life, learning through example is incredibly effective.

This isn’t limited to group play, either. Even in solo roleplaying, the act of playing and reflecting on how it feels is a powerful teacher. Experimenting with the rules, testing out scenarios, and seeing what clicks provides valuable feedback that can’t be replicated by simply reading a manual. It’s all about learning through doing, which resonates deeply with how human psychology is wired.

At its core, experiential learning is the heart of this process. Picking up a new hobby or skill is all about practice, getting in there, trying things out, and gradually getting better. TTRPGs are uniquely suited to this, offering a mix of structure and flexibility that encourages players to jump in and learn as they go.

But what truly sets new players apart is their flexibility. Without years of preconceived notions or expectations, they often adapt more quickly to the rules and find creative ways to engage with the game. This adaptability is a powerful asset, allowing them to embrace simple guidance and make the most of the experience.

Adaptability

What’s amazing about new players is their adaptability. They haven’t been trained to expect certain complexities, and that’s a huge advantage. Without preconceived notions about how rules “should” work, they’re open to whatever the system throws at them. With fewer expectations, they can engage with simple rules without overthinking them, allowing for a more organic experience. This flexibility makes them more open to experimentation and less likely to get caught up in analysis paralysis over myriad options.

The Tabula Rasa effect is big here. Novices often approach rules with fresh eyes, making them open to experimentation. Conversely, experienced players may often compare rules to prior systems and/or hold certain assumptions. Graceful degradation is something newer players excel at as a result. Novices will often default to common sense and broad principles, as well as more often collapse to core rules. Seasoned gamers will look for more nuance, more often look for edge cases, and generally expect more direct guidance.

The Takeaway for Game Designers

For game designers, the lesson is clear: Keep things simple. New players thrive when they can engage with the game without getting overwhelmed by complex rules or excessive explanations. A system that emphasizes simplicity and encourages learning through play will help novices feel confident and enjoy their experience right from the start.

Experienced Players and the Need for Detailed Guidance

Complexity Preference

For seasoned players, simplicity can sometimes feel like a limitation. After years of playing more complex systems, many veterans crave the depth and nuance that come with detailed rules. They want to be able to dive deep into the mechanics, optimize characters, and explore all the strategic options available.

Systems like Pathfinder and Shadowrun thrive in this space. They offer a level of granularity and choice that challenges experienced players and rewards those who enjoy analyzing every aspect of the game. These systems activate analytical thinking, rewarding those who relish strategic complexity. They also often reward system mastery, which encourages a desire for deep rules understandings.

Desire for Comprehensive Understanding

Experienced players often seek clarity on edge cases and exceptions. They need detailed rules and examples to navigate these situations confidently. For them, the finer points of a system matter, especially when the game isn’t going according to the usual script. A system that provides clarity on the exceptions and intricacies helps them play with confidence, ensuring that no one gets stuck in a situation where they’re unsure of how to proceed.

The can also want clarity on edge cases and exceptions because these often define the boundaries of creativity within the game. Detailed examples allow experienced players to confidently navigate unusual scenarios, ensuring they can “play to the rules” without stalling gameplay. In addition, gamers accustomed to systems like Dungeons & Dragons may expect clear guidance for adjudicating specific situations. Understanding this prior experience is key for seasoned gamers.

Integration with Prior Knowledge

Veteran players come into a game with a wealth of experience, so they’re naturally comparing new systems to the ones they already know. They’ve built mental models (or “schemas”) of how TTRPGs “should” work, and if the new system doesn’t align with those expectations, it can cause confusion.

Discrepancies between these expectations and a new game’s mechanics can lead to frustration without sufficient explanation. A well-designed system can acknowledge this by providing clear explanations of how it differs from other games or being very clear about its own nuances. Without these distinctions, experienced players may feel lost or frustrated trying to figure out how things work.

Challenges with Simple Rules for Experienced Players

Overinterpretation

Experienced players often struggle with simple systems because they assume there’s more complexity hidden in the rules. When the system feels too straightforward, they begin to look for deeper meaning or “unspoken” rules. This overthinking can lead to confusion, especially when the simplicity they encounter doesn’t match their mental models.

Cognitive Rigidity

Another challenge is cognitive rigidity. Long-time TTRPG players can become so accustomed to the intricacies of complex systems or robust presentations that transitioning to something simpler or more direct can feel like a step backward. Research indicates that experts in any field can develop a rigidity that limits their ability to adapt to new frameworks; this same psychological principle applies to TTRPGs. This rigidity can make it hard to adapt to lighter systems and simpler explanations that don’t provide the same level of depth they’re used to.

Expectation of Depth

Veterans can expect games to offer rich, strategic gameplay. They are often come to anticipate a certain level of complexity in gameplay and/or detail in rulebooks. Simpler texts may seem “shallow” to them, leaving them unsatisfied. They can feel those lighter books are lacking the intricate balance or emergent possibilities of more robust frameworks and explanations.

Balancing Rule Presentation for Different Players

Layered Rulebooks

One way to meet the needs of both novice and experienced players is to present rules in layers. Start with the core mechanics, keep it simple and easy to digest. Then add deeper, optional rules for those who want them. This approach lets new players engage without feeling overwhelmed while still providing the depth that experienced players crave.

However, balancing this can be tricky. If the rules aren’t organized well, it can feel like you’re constantly flipping through pages to find the right information, which can be frustrating.

Integrated Examples

Including examples directly in the text helps everyone, regardless of experience level. Novices benefit from seeing the rules in action, and experienced players appreciate examples that clarify edge cases. The key here is to keep examples relevant to all types of players, showing how the rules can be applied in different contexts.

This requires a balance of keeping it simple and direct for new players, while providing the clarity and nuance more seasoned players crave. There is also the pressure to maintain the text flow and usefulness as a reference, favoring conciseness that may sacrifice some nuance or detail.

Encouraging Exploration

Another way to bridge the gap between new and experienced players is by encouraging creativity within a structured system. Games that offer flexibility while still keeping things clear and simple can appeal to both groups. Designing systems that promote creativity within clear boundaries can engage both new and seasoned players, accommodating different preferences for complexity.

Systems like Powered by the Apocalypse do this well. New players get to co-create the story alongside the GM, while veteran players can still engage with the rules in a deeper, strategic way. It’s the best of both worlds.

A Few Final Thoughts

The Role of Player Psychology

The psychology of TTRPG players varies greatly. New players are often more risk-tolerant and excited to explore, while experienced players regularly seek mastery and optimization. These different approaches to the game highlight the importance of balancing rules in a way that caters to both. The more we understand these tendencies, the better we can design games that speak to a wider audience.

The Evolution of TTRPG Culture

TTRPGs have evolved a lot over the years, with indie games gaining traction and traditional systems like Dungeons & Dragons continuing to thrive. This diversity in gaming culture means that players bring different expectations based on their experiences. Designers need to be aware of these cultural shifts and cater to the broad spectrum of preferences.

Game Master Dynamics

The role of the GM also changes depending on experience. Novice GMs can benefit from systems that allow flexibility and creativity. Their lack of assumptions, along with the accompanying openness and adaptability, is their great strength. In contrast, veteran GMs typically look for more robust tools that help with complex storytelling and adjudicating rules. Their experience and system mastery, with the knowledge and rules familiarity they provide, form their strong points. Understanding these differences is key to making a game that works for all GMs.

OK, Actual Final Thoughts

The interplay between simplicity and complexity in TTRPG design reflects not only player experience levels but also evolving cultural and cognitive preferences. Novices often thrive on minimalist guidance that reduces cognitive load, encourages exploration, and builds confidence. Veterans, on the other hand, oft demand nuanced mechanics, detailed examples, and robust systems that align with their mental models and expectations.

However, this is all variable and nuanced based on the tabletop roleplaying game niche they embrace, their general mindset and preferences, and their overall experience. Game designers can meet these diverse needs through thoughtful layering of rules, embedded examples, and systems that balance creativity with clarity. Understanding the psychology and preferences of different player groups enables inclusive designs that enrich the TTRPG experience for everyone.

And as always, I’d love to hear your thoughts on this! Leave a comment here and/or come scream at me about it on Bluesky.

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December 21, 2024